Role of economic reforms on dismantling barriers to inter-state migration in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Sunetra Ghatak ◽  
Debajit Jha
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Linguistic Divide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inter State

Traditionally inter-state migration in India was limited compared to within state migration. Economic reforms in the early 1990s have boosted inter-state migration in the country. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of economic reforms on the determinants of inter-state migration. Recent studies have identified that state border; linguistic divide and per capita income play an important role in determining the location of inter-state migration in India. In this paper, we tried to understand the impact of economic reforms on the choice of the location of inter-state migration in the country by using a gravity model framework. We found that while the impact of per capita income difference has increased in the post-reform period, the impact of the common-border has declined. Moreover, the impact of the linguistic divide has initially increased after reforms.

scholarly journals DOES EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION LEAD TO INCOME CONVERGENCE? EVIDENCE FROM CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-346
Author(s):  
Vaseem Akram ◽  
Badri Narayan Rath
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, we examine the role of export diversification in the convergence of per capita income (output). By applying the dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to a panel dataset consisting of 95 countries, we find evidence of both absolute and conditional divergence for the full sample and the subsamples based on income and regions. Thus, our findings suggest that, although high export diversification boosts the per capita income (output), it does not significantly reduce per capita income (output) gap between rich and poor countries.

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2312
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

scholarly journals Do Democratic Economies Grow Faster? The Case of Asia vs. the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Barrows
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The dynamics of the five fastest growing GDP per capita economies in Asia and the EU are studied between 2010 and 2014. This time frame was selected in order to avoid the height of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, but to include the stimulus and recovery periods which occurred afterward. The intent was not to compare the recoveries or the impact of the stimulus programs. The intent was to compare the economic growth rates of the two groups and also the absolute per capita income along with five topic areas on economies including: configuration, utilization, investments, demographics, and outcomes. A total of twenty measurements are used for assessment from the World Bank databank website. The findings are that the Asian economies grew faster while the EU economies had a higher per capita income. The workforces of the Asia economies are also younger and more flexible whereas the workforces of the EU economies are older, but more educated. Discussions include the links between effective governments and economic development and the links between democracy and economic levels.

scholarly journals Regional Integration: Do Intra-African Trade and Migration Improve Income in Africa?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Gnimassoun
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Regional integration in Africa is a subject of great interest, but its impact on income has not been studied sufficiently. Using cross-sectional and panel estimations, this article examines the impact of African integration on real per capita income in Africa. Accordingly, we consider intra-African trade and migration flows as quantitative measures reflecting the intensity of regional integration. To address the endogeneity concerns, we use a gravity-based, two-stage least-squares strategy. Our results show that, from a long-term perspective, African integration has not been strong enough to generate a positive, significant, and robust impact on real per capita income in Africa. However, it does appear to be significantly income-enhancing in the short and medium terms but only through intercountry migration. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications.

scholarly journals Determinants of household income of micro-finance women participants: a quantile regression approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Jarita Duasa ◽  
Nur Hidayah Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to adopt quantile regression to investigate the impact of several factors on per capita income of participants of micro-financing scheme (Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia [AIM]), who are mostly women at different point on the income distributions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data collected from a survey on respondents who are the participants of AIM program using convenience sampling in Perak and Kelantan. Findings The empirical results show that the value of asset, value of loan, household size, ratio of spending to income and dummy state are consistently giving similar impacts on per capita income of participants at different quantiles. Originality/value However, age negatively and significantly affects per capita income only at middle and lower quantiles but not at higher quantile of per capita income.

Regional Economic Growth and Inequality in India: A Sector-wise Decomposition Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792091082
Author(s):  
Ranjan Aneja ◽  
Barkha ◽  
Umer Jeelanie Banday
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Per Capita

This article attempts to examine the behaviour of various sectors, with emphasis on the role of income inequality. First, the article estimates the sectoral decomposition in terms of net state domestic product (NSDP) among different states from years 1991–1992 to 2016–2017. Second, we analyse the sector-wise decomposition of regional inequality in term of per capita income. Finally, we analyse the role of developmental expenditure in regional inequalities in term of per capita developmental expenditure across various states. Based on empirical results, India has witnessed a high growth in per capita income in the post-reform period. With high growth rate, the sectoral composition of income has also registered a major change. The tertiary sector is the major contributor to growth in the post-reform period. At the sectoral level, disparity decreased within the sectors in case of primary and tertiary sector and increased in secondary sector. However, overall, the tertiary and secondary sectors are more responsible for raising the income inequality among the states while primary sector is offsetting this gap. JEL: O15, I14, I32, O12

Spatial impacts of the creation of Brasília: A natural experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Grimes ◽  
Valente J Matlaba ◽  
Jacques Poot
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Using data spanning 70 years (1939–2008), we examine whether Kubitschek’s planned creation of Brasília and its associated highway network had its intended effect of spreading development from Brazil’s coast to its interior. Specifically, we test whether the spatial structure of the country’s urban population and per capita GDP changed as a result of Brasília’s inauguration in 1960. Uniquely amongst studies of Brasília’s impacts, we use a ‘spatial-difference-in-differences’ approach, contrasting pre-Brasília with post-Brasília outcomes. We control for macroeconomic conditions, fixed city-specific factors, convergence forces, changing industrial structure and agglomeration impacts arising from proximity to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. We find a modest impact on population in the western coastal and western interior regions whose share of Brazil’s urban population increased from 4.8% (1959) to 9.0% (2008); our spatial-difference-in-differences estimates show the impact to be statistically significant. We confirm per capita income convergence across regions, but we find no (descriptive or statistical) evidence of per capita income effects related to proximity to Brasília. Thus, even a massive development initiative such as Brasília’s creation is estimated to have had only limited population impacts and zero per capita income impacts on the spatial structure of Brazil’s economy outside of Brasília itself.

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