Family networks and refugees’ health conditions. A picture from Italian informal settlements

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Mendola ◽  
Annalisa Busetta
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative

While the relationships between social networks and health are widely acknowledged in the literature, few of these studies have covered the population of refugees living in makeshift camps. In our analysis of a nationally representative Italian survey of individuals living in informal settlements, we find that many had weak family relations: only 10 per cent had one or more family members in their settlement. The paper analyses the effects of individual social network on two measures of health, and finds that the refugees’ health conditions were associated with both their personal characteristics and the characteristics of the settlement. The results show that more than 50 per cent of these foreign nationals recently had health problems, and that those with no family members in the settlement had significantly higher chances of both being in bad or very bad health and having experienced a health problem in the last month.

Would I Want to Reach Age 100? Perspectives of Centenarians’ Family Members on Reaching Exceptional Longevity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Brandão ◽  
Oscar Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela Jopp
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Exceptional Longevity ◽  
Open Question

This study aims to analyze the wish to reach 100 years old in a sample of centenarians’ family members and explore the main reasons for supporting or refuting such a desire. Answers to an open question on the wish to reach 100 years old were analyzed via thematic coding and further explored in relation to personal characteristics (age, gender, kinship, and caregiver status) and to the centenarians’ health status (cognition, functional health). Most family members (56.5%) wished to become centenarians but only under specific circumstances (i.e., functional independence, good health status). Younger proxies (<65 years old) were more likely to express the wish for becoming centenarians; those refuting such a desire (43.5%) stressed the potential unavailability of family support and not wanting to become a burden. No differences were found based on the centenarians’ health status. Further studies are needed on family relations within these specific caregiving dyads.

scholarly journals Social-Emotional Difficulties in Irish Children Aged Five and Nine Years: A National, Longitudinal Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Ann Swift ◽  
Roy McConkey ◽  
Philip Curry ◽  
Edurne Garcia Iriarte
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

A small proportion of children experience social-emotional difficulties from early childhood onwards. Longitudinal studies with nationally representative samples are needed to identify the prevalence and the characteristics of children and families persistently experiencing these difficulties. Secondary analysis of data collected on over 7500 Irish children and with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as the primary indicator, found that 6% of children when they were five year olds and 8% when they were nine-years, had above threshold scores that warranted further investigation. A smaller proportion—2.9% had elevated scores at both ages. Logistic regression analyses found that children with one or more developmental disabilities were up to six times more likely to have sustained difficulties. There were also significant associations with the lower education attainment of primary caregivers and the socio-economic deprivation of families. Primary caregivers and teachers reported higher conflict in their relationships with these children. Although the number of Irish children presenting with continuing social-emotional difficulties is small, they can present an ongoing and future societal cost in terms of the impact on family relations and demands placed on educational, health and social services. This study identified the children and families who are at greatest risk and for whom targeted early intervention services could be provided.

Migrant Worker Health

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
High Status ◽  
New Host ◽  
Worker Health

More than 150 million international migrant workers and an unknown number of internal migrant workers toil across the globe. More than workplace exposures affect migrant worker health; their health is also affected by exposures in the sociocultural milieu from which they came and in which they currently live. Although some of these migrant workers include professionals in high-status occupations such as doctors, nurses, engineers, and computer scientists, most are low skill workers employed in the most dangerous jobs in the most hazardous industries. The health of these migrant workers has been a long-term concern in public health, and this concern has increased with the rise of greater globalization, the recent growth of displaced and refugee populations that will need to enter the workforce in their new host countries, and the anticipated effects of climate change. The domain of migrant worker health is expansive, and is necessarily limited in this bibliography. This bibliography focuses on workers and not the family members who may accompany them, although other family members also may be workers. It focuses on low-skill migrant workers, rather than on professionals who migrate for work. Low-skill migrant workers are the individuals for whom health and public health are concerns. Additionally, research on the health of migrant professional workers is scant. At the same time, this bibliography attempts to place migrant worker health in a holistic context; because migrant worker health is affected by more than workplace exposures, the bibliography addresses exposures in their current sociocultural milieu. This bibliography has three major sections. The first section summarizes general resources that provide information on migrant workers, including International Agencies, Nongovernmental Organizations, Data Sources, Reference Works, and Journals. The second section addresses the characteristics of migrant workers that affect their health, including their Personal Characteristics, the Circumstances of Migration, Forced Migration, Industries which employ migrant workers, and 3-D Jobs: Dangerous, Dirty, and Demanding. The final section considers the health status of migrant workers, with discussions of Conceptual Frameworks for understanding migrant worker health, Work Organization Exposures, Environmental Exposures, Sociocultural Exposures, Health Conditions, Approaches to Improve Migrant Worker Health, and Policy/Regulations.

scholarly journals Understanding Burnout in Indian Housewives Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charvi Pareek ◽  
Nandani Agarwal ◽  
Yash Jain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 Pandemic has brought the world underwaters. All over the world, people were affected. The focus during this period was mostly on patients and frontline workers, with some attention also towards working adults. One cohort that has not gained much light during this pandemic is of housewives. Housewives had to manage household chores along with managing family relations – especially in India, where societal expectations lie on the female to provide family members with care and manage the household. Dealing with uncertainty, decreased availability of personal space, increased presence of and interaction with people in the household due to work from home scenarios, shifting to the online world and adapting to the change, economic disturbances, absence of domestic help, managing parental responsibility, increased stress about one’s own and family members’ health and lack of social interaction have contributed to their inconvenience. Existing evidence supports that housewives have been experiencing burnout in their homes. This qualitative study was conducted to see how the added pressure of COVID – 19 and social isolation has affected housewives mentally, leading to burnout. This narrative study includes participants of Indian origin, between the ages of 34 to 50 years. Participants were shortlisted on the basis of their scores obtained on the COVID-19 Burnout Scale, designed by Murat Yıldırım and Fatma Solmaz. The themes generated through this research study are related to understanding the impact of burnout on the mental health of housewives along the areas of physical health, financial well-being, digitization, uncertainty regarding COVID-19, parental responsibilities, social & emotional health, relationship management, and coping mechanisms. The findings of this study suggest that the mental health of housewives has significantly worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic due to constant exposure to certain stressors.

scholarly journals MENGUPAYAKAN PENJAGAAN TIDAK FORMAL MERENTAS GENDER: EMPOWERING INFORMAL CARE GIVERS ACROSS GENDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Mohd. Suhaimi Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Care Giver ◽  
Care Giving

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>In many traditional societies, women play an important role  as informal caregiver. They take care of small children, family members who are disabled, old and frail.  They perform their role within the private family sphere without much complaints. However when many women enter labour force outside their family many of them can no longer become family care giver. The  seperation between nuclear familes and extended families due to rural urban migration makes older women like mothers and mothers in-law can no longer available to provide help. As an alternative, many urban families opt for domestic help to look after their young children, disabled family members and the elderly.  Domestic helpers continue their domestic chores as instructed by the lady of the house an at the same time perform caregiving role. The important issue  related to having domestic maid to perform care giving role especially in Muslim family is regarding physical contact.  Most of the activities in caregiving roles involves physical contact especially during cleaning patients body, changing their clothes, prepare their bed, feeding them, holding their hands and body for therapy. However Islamic paractice do not allow physical contact like touching between two people who are not close family relations or mahram.  Since most of domestic maid who also perform the role as caregiver are women, therefore the issue of empowering men to become caregiver is very important  because the needs of male caregivers to care for male patients is increasing. Based onwhat is stated in the Quran and hadith and related documents, this paper will outline the need for informal care in families and communities that need to be addressed, particularly those who are Syariah-compliant. Cases from research in the relevant field will be presented to highlight the issues why men should be encourage to consider role as informal caregivers.</em><em></em></p><p>Dalam banyak masyarakat tradisional, perempuan memainkan peran penting sebagai pengasuh informal. Mereka merawat anak-anak kecil, anggota keluarga yang cacat, tua dan lemah. Mereka melakukan peran mereka dalam ruang keluarga pribadi tanpa banyak keluhan. Namun ketika banyak perempuan memasuki angkatan kerja di luar keluarga mereka, banyak dari mereka tidak bisa lagi menjadi pemberi perawatan keluarga. Pemisahan antara keluarga inti nuklir dan keluarga besar karena migrasi perkotaan pedesaan membuat perempuan yang lebih tua seperti ibu dan ibu mertua tidak lagi dapat menyediakan bantuan. Sebagai alternatif, banyak keluarga perkotaan memilih bantuan rumah tangga untuk menjaga anak-anak mereka, anggota keluarga yang cacat dan orang tua. Pembantu rumah tangga melanjutkan pekerjaan rumah tangga mereka seperti yang diperintahkan oleh nyonya rumah dan pada saat yang sama melakukan peran pengasuhan. Masalah penting terkait dengan memiliki pembantu rumah tangga untuk melakukan peran memberi perawatan terutama dalam keluarga Muslim adalah tentang kontak fisik. Sebagian besar kegiatan dalam peran pengasuhan melibatkan kontak fisik terutama selama membersihkan tubuh pasien, mengganti pakaian, menyiapkan tempat tidur, memberi makan, memegang tangan dan tubuh untuk terapi. Namun paraktek Islam tidak mengizinkan kontak fisik seperti menyentuh antara dua orang yang tidak memiliki hubungan keluarga atau mahram. Karena sebagian besar pembantu rumah tangga yang juga berperan sebagai pengasuh adalah perempuan, maka masalah pemberdayaan laki-laki untuk menjadi pengasuh sangat penting karena kebutuhan pengasuh laki-laki untuk merawat pasien laki-laki semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan apa yang dinyatakan dalam Al-Quran dan hadits dan dokumen terkait, makalah ini akan menguraikan kebutuhan untuk perawatan informal dalam keluarga dan masyarakat yang perlu ditangani, terutama mereka yang mematuhi Syariah. Kasus-kasus dari penelitian di bidang yang relevan akan disajikan untuk menyoroti masalah mengapa laki-laki harus didorong untuk mempertimbangkan peran sebagai pengasuh informal.</p></div><p align="left"> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> gender, informal care giver, care giving, family.</em></p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Pedestrians’ Perceptions about the Design Aspects of Crossing Facilities: A Case in Nizwa, Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraf Javid ◽  
Mashood Khalid ◽  
Nazam Ali ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Antonino Canale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

This study aims to identify the key factors in pedestrians’ intentions when using crossing facilities. For this purpose, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and conducted at selected locations in Nizwa city. The main investigated variables are linked to personal characteristics, opinions on the main reasons for accidents, and how hard it is for pedestrians to cross roads at different locations in Nizwa city. Statements were also designed on the safety and health aspects of pedestrian crossings, as well as the physical and design aspects of pedestrian crossing facilities. Suitable locations were selected for the survey to assess the main concerns of pedestrian facilities. A total of 280 usable samples were collected from the selected locations. The analysis results revealed that young pedestrians do not find it difficult to use pedestrian bridges and underpasses when crossing roads. Pedestrians’ prioritization of safety when crossing, pedestrians’ health conditions, the proper cleaning and lighting of facilities, and the good design of facilities are significant determinants of pedestrians’ intentions when using crossing facilities. Crossing facilities need to be maintained properly, for example, through the cleaning and lighting of facilities. Proper awareness among pedestrians and vehicle drivers is required for the safety of pedestrians.

Living Arrangements and Sleep-Related Outcomes Among Older Adults in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Han Lee ◽  
Yen-Chang Chang ◽  
Timothy Chiang ◽  
Ching-Ti Liu ◽  
Mack Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Nationally Representative

It has been discussed previously that older adults’ living arrangements are associated with mortality. This study investigated the relationships between older adults’ living arrangements and sleep-related outcomes in China. The nationally representative sample included 4,731 participants who participated on two different occasions, with a total of 9,462 observations (2012 and 2014 waves). Panel logistic regression and panel ordinary least squares regression models were estimated with outcomes of sleep quality and average hours of sleep daily, respectively. Approximately 62% of individuals reported good quality of sleep. We observed that older adults who lived with family members had 17% greater odds of reporting good quality of sleep (adjusted odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [1.03, 1.34], p < .05) and reported longer sleep duration daily (β = .334, standard error = .069, p < .01), compared with those who lived alone. Social support is needed to strengthen the residential relationship, especially with family members.

Family-Centered Communication and Acute Stress in Israeli Intensive Care Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda DeKeyser Ganz ◽  
Gilat Yihye ◽  
Nicole Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Family Centered

Background Intensive care unit stays can be stressful for patients’ family members. Family-centered communication has 6 components: fostering relationships, exchanging information, responding to emotions, managing uncertainty, making decisions, and enabling patient self-management. Whether these communication components decrease family members’ stress is unknown. Objective To describe levels of family-centered communication and associations with acute stress while patients are in the intensive care unit. Methods A convenience sample of 130 family members of patients in 2 intensive care units in a Jerusalem, Israel, tertiary medical center received a family-centered communication questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a personal characteristics questionnaire. Results Most respondents were women (n = 79, 60.8%), children of the patient (n = 67, 51.9%), and familiar with the patient’s diagnosis (n = 111, 85.4%). Mean (SD) participant age was 45.7 (13.6) years. Most considered the patient medically stable (n = 75, 57.7%). Mean (SD) intensive care unit stay was 7.45 (5.8) days. Mean (SD) total and item scores for family-centered communication were 98.75 (18.21) and 3.80 (0.70), respectively; for the Perceived Stress Scale, 19.63 (5.92) and 1.96 (0.59), respectively. Relationship building (r = −0.31, P = .002), participation in care management (r = −0.32, P = .001), and emotional support (r = −0.29, P = .003), and were significantly related to stress. Conclusions Stress levels were mild to moderate and communication scores were moderate to high. Better nurse communication with family members was associated with decreased acute stress, irrespective of personal characteristics or perceptions of the patient’s medical status.

scholarly journals Loneliness in the lives of Danish adolescents: Associations with health and sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Eccles ◽  
Pamela Qualter ◽  
Katrine R. Madsen ◽  
Bjørn E. Holstein
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Single Item ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: We examined the relationship between loneliness and health among young adolescents. We also investigated the validity of a single-item measure of loneliness by comparing this to a composite score. Methods: The current data come from a nationally representative sample of 11- to 15-year-old adolescents ( N=3305; F=52%) from Denmark collected in 2014 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) collaborative cross-national survey. Results: A series of binary logistic regressions showed that higher loneliness among adolescents, whether measured using the single- or multi-item measurement, was associated with poorer self-rated health, higher frequency of headache, stomach ache, backache, difficulties sleeping, greater sleep disturbance and more instances of feeling tired in the morning. Those associations were relatively consistent across sex and age groups. Conclusions: Loneliness is associated with poorer self-reported health and sleep problems among young adolescents. Those findings are similar across two measures of loneliness, suggesting robust findings. The development of interventions and health-education efforts to fight loneliness in adolescence is important.

scholarly journals Harm Perceptions of E-cigarettes Among Smokers With and Without Mental Health Conditions in England: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Albert Smith ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction E-cigarettes (ECs) may benefit smokers with mental health conditions who are more likely to smoke, and smoke more heavily, than those without mental health conditions. This could be undermined if harm misperceptions in this group are high as is the case in the general population. This study aimed to assess EC harm perceptions relative to cigarettes as a function of mental health status and a variety of characteristics. Methods Data were collected from 6531 current smokers in 2016/2017 in household surveys of representative samples of adults. The associations of mental health status (self-reported mental health condition and past year treatment), smoking and EC use characteristics, and characteristics relating to use of potential information sources with harm perceptions of ECs relative to cigarettes (measured by correct response “less harmful” vs. wrong responses “more harmful,” “equally harmful,” “don’t know”) were analyzed with logistic regression. Results A similar proportion of smokers without mental health conditions (61.5%, 95% CI 60.1–62.9) and with mental health conditions (both with [61.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 58.7–63.8] and without past year treatment [61.5%, 95% CI 58.1–64.7]) held inaccurate EC harm perceptions (all P &gt; 0.05). Being female, nonwhite, aged 25–34 compared with 16–24, from lower social grades (C2, D, and E), not having post-16 qualifications, no EC experience, a daily smoker, unmotivated to quit &lt;1 month, non-internet user and non-broadsheet reader were all associated with more inaccurate harm perceptions (all p &lt; .05). Conclusions The majority of smokers in England have inaccurate harm perceptions of ECs regardless of mental health status. Implications This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample in order to investigate whether smokers with and without mental health conditions differ with regard to harm perceptions of ECs. Findings show that the majority of smokers in England hold inaccurate harm perceptions of ECs, and this does not differ as a function of mental health status. A number of characteristics associated with disadvantaged groups were significantly associated with inaccurate harm perceptions. These findings highlight the need to improve awareness and understanding among disadvantaged groups regarding the relative harms of ECs compared with tobacco.

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