scholarly journals ERGONOMIC CULTURE OF STUDENTS AS COMPUTER USERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Janis Gedrovics ◽  
Inese Urpena
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
School Year ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
High Level

The use of computer as an important educational tool throughout the world is increasing with every year and Latvian schools is no exception. Currently there are some important topical issues in pedagogy, as well as in school ergonomics: student’s work posture, time spent at the computer, health friendly work organization on the computer, etc. This paper presents a pilot survey data collected in grade 5-12 (a total of 507 respondents) in several Latvian schools in the school year 2010/2011. Computer usage among school children more deviates to the side of the computer use as a tool for entertainment, thereby reducing the proportion of computer use for educational purposes. However, the total time spent on the computer is likely to increase, therefore, it is especially important to obtain high level ergonomic culture skills as a necessary condition for health friendly work organization at the computer. Key words: use of computer, culture, learners, ergonomics.

Computer use by People with Aphasia: A Survey Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Finch ◽  
Anne J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
High Level

Computers are encountered increasingly in the clinical setting, including during aphasia rehabilitation. However, currently we do not know what people with aphasia think about using computers in therapy and daily life, or to what extent people with aphasia use computers in their everyday life. The present study explored: (1) the use of computers by people with aphasia; and (2) the perceptions of people with aphasia towards computers and computer-based therapy. Thirty-four people with aphasia completed an aphasia-friendly paper-based survey about their use of computers before and after the onset of their aphasia, and their attitudes towards computer-based aphasia therapy. There was a high level of computer usage by people with aphasia both before and after the onset of their aphasia. However, the nature of the computer use changed following aphasia onset, with a move away from work-based usage. The majority of the cohort used computers for aphasia therapy and liked using computer-based aphasia therapy, provided that the programs were perceived as appropriate for their individual needs. The results highlight the importance of exposing people with aphasia to computer-based aphasia therapy in a supported clinical environment, and the need to ensure that computer-based therapy is individualised for each client. It should be noted, however, that while the majority of participants reported positive experiences with using computers, this does not mean that the computer-based therapy software used was necessarily an effective treatment for aphasia.

Association of the Individualizing and Binding Moral Foundations with Conceptions of Motherland in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
O.A. Sychev ◽  
◽  
K.I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Moral Content ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
High Level

Patriotism and attitude to the motherland attract much interest of researchers in the field of social sciences, although psychological foundations of these phenomena have not been sufficiently studied. On the basis of Moral Foundations Theory (by J. Haidt) we hypothesized that the characteristics of the moral sphere may be associated with some ideas about the motherland. In particular, binding moral foundations (including loyalty, authority and purity) which are more typical for conservatives should support positive patriotic ideas about the homeland. The low level of binding moral foundations can be related with a critical attitude towards the motherland, the presence of negative assessments of their country. This assump-tion is supported by the results of past studies of patriotism among individuals with different ideological views. The individualizing moral foundations dominating among liberals can be associated with a less global and narrower view of the motherland, which is linked with con-cepts of “family” and “home” rather than “society” or “country”. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the individualizing and binding moral foundations with the content of ideas about the motherland. The important task of the study was to develop the Russian version of the moral foundations dictionary, which is necessary for analyzing the moral content of ideas about the motherland. To test the hypotheses we conducted a paper-pencil and online survey, obtained data included the answers on Moral Foundations Question-naire and textual answers characterizing the image of the motherland. The sample comprised 831 people (72% women) from 11 regions of Russia. Text responses were processed via com-puter content analysis in the LIWC program (by J. Pennebaker) using the moral foundations dictionary (all categories) and the general dictionary (10 categories most relevant to the prob-lem). To analyze the relations between the results of content analysis and MFQ questionnaire we calculated correlations of the individualizing and binding moral foundations with the presence or absence of each category in the participants’ responses. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that the individualizing moral foundations supports relatively narrow ideas about the motherland, associated with family and home, while people with a high level of binding moral foundations associate the motherland mostly with society and religion. Binding moral founda-tions support a positive image of the motherland, which is manifested in the more frequent use of positive assessments and avoidance of negative evaluations. Persons with a high level of binding moral foundations tend to ignore negative phenomena in the country, reflecting a violation of the individualizing moral norms (care and fairness). In particular, they less often mention violations of human rights and the poverty of the country's inhabitants. The necessary condition analysis revealed the effect of binding moral foundations as a necessary but insuffi-cient condition for maintaining a positive image of the motherland and the absence of negative ideas about it.

scholarly journals The History of Science and the History of Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-90
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Manhattan Project ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The article examines the state of the history of science as a discipline and its objectives in the context of its origins and current transformations. The establishment of this discipline and its assumptions about the nature of science together with its goals and structure are briefly discussed. The history of science became a discipline only at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, and its start is associated with the work of chemist James Conant, a high-level administrator in Manhattan project who was also president of Harvard University and a high-ranking bureaucrat. It was based also on the narrative developed by Alfred North Whitehead, Edwin Burtt, Alexandre Koyré and other historians of science, which claimed modern science was the creator of modernity and a necessary condition for the geopolitical domination of the West. In that understanding, modern science meant science since the time of Galileo and Newton. The author provides a critical analysis of this foundation narrative for the discipline and of its consequences while showing how contemporary history of science has overcome it. The contradiction between modernism and historicism has been resolved in favor of the latter. A key role in this was played by the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn, which held the potential to undo the presumed monolithic unity of science by rejecting teleology and introducing incommensurability and discontinuities into the historical process. By rejecting explanation of the knowledge of other times and places in terms of modern science, the discipline faced a radical multiplication of independent types of knowledge. This was facilitated by the reorientation to the study of knowledge practices that took place in the 1980s. As a result, the subject matter of the history of science began to erode, and this launched discussion of the prospects for a transition to a history of knowledge based on the study of practices. The sweep of this change of vision is illustrated by the example of classifying sciences according to both their subject matter and the similarities in their research practices. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the new discipline along with its prospects and the challenges it faces are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the psycho-emotional risks of office workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-432
Author(s):  
Elena I. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
Mariya A. Svetlolobova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
High Level

With increasing digitalization of the economy and implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, the number of office workers is increasing. Accordingly, the structure of occupational risks can change. Psycho-emotional risks will play a dominant role in the list of harmful production factors. The aim of the work is to assess the psychoemotional risks of office workers using a survey method. The study identified a high level of psycho-emotional risks and stress among the participants. This has a direct impact on the labor productivity and physical health of workers. According to the studies, the psychological climate in the team, which is an important component of productive work affecting the psychophysiological state of workers is contradictory, which reduces the levels of motivation and labor productivity. The study allowed us to identify the main reasons of psychoemotional risks: working conditions, lack of special places for rest, the poor work organization,workload, poor quality workload distribution management, n lack of interest. The company's management needs to solve these problems, since the efficiency of the company depends on the well-being of employees.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Implementation of a UK School-Based Running Program

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Anna E. Chalkley ◽  
Ash C. Routen ◽  
Jo P. Harris ◽  
Lorraine A. Cale ◽  
Trish Gorely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Over Time

The adoption of school-based running programs has rapidly increased over the last five years in the UK and globally. However, there is currently a lack of information on how these initiatives are implemented, and whether they are generalizable and/or sustainable. This study evaluated the implementation (including reach, fidelity, and dose) of a school-based running program over seven months to inform future delivery. This observational study used a mixed-method, single-group, before-and-after design strengthened by multiple interim measurements to evaluate the implementation of an optional school-based running program. Five state-funded primary schools in Leicestershire, UK, participated, with 17 teachers and 189 (81 boys (47.4%) and 90 girls (52.6%)) Year 5 pupils (aged 9–10 years) from eight classes. During the 2016/2017 academic year, data were collected via several measures (including interviews, focus groups, observations, questionnaires, and teacher implementation logs) at multiple levels (i.e., school and individual) and at multiple time points during implementation. Follow up qualitative data were also collected during 2017/2018. The school-based running program achieved good reach, with 100% of pupils opting to participate at some point during the academic year. All schools implemented the program with good fidelity, although the level of implementation varied between schools and over time. The average number of sessions held per week ranged from 0.94–3.89 with the average distance accumulated per pupil per week ranging from 0.02 to 2.91 kilometers and boys being more likely than girls to be classed as high-level participators. Despite an initial drop off in participation over time, all schools remained engaged in the program and continued to implement it until the end of the school year. Contextual features (e.g., staff capacity and resources) differed between schools and influenced the quality of implementation and the frequency of delivery. The school-based running program is simple, inexpensive, and versatile and can be implemented by schools with relative ease. However, schools are diverse settings, with unique challenges to ongoing delivery. Thus, planned adaptations, specific to each school’s context, are likely necessary to sustain participation in the longer term and should be considered prior to implementation.

scholarly journals Actors in Social Agriculture Cooperatives Combating Organized Crime in Southern Italy: Cultivating the Ground

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9257
Author(s):  
Luca Fazzi ◽  
Susanne Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
High Level

Southern Italy suffers from a high poverty rate, unemployment, emigration flows, and a strong presence of organized crime in the field of agriculture. This study seeks to investigate the potential of social enterprises as driving forces for the legal and eco-social development of fragile Southern Italian areas. To work in such challenging contexts requires the development of a high level of resilience, which implies the ability to adapt to difficulties and to overcome crises by coming out stronger than before. The initiatives we detected in Southern Italy are examples for the strength that can come from ideal motivations. In the case of social agriculture initiatives in Southern Italy counteracting organized crime, these motivations are an indispensable condition for their survival and growth. The accumulation of problems and difficulties, however, risks corroding motivations of the actors. This can lead to the withdrawal of members, which can have a serious impact on these small organizations. Thus, idealism is a necessary condition to face the challenges of legal and social environmental development, but it is not sufficient on its own, except in the short term, to allow social enterprises to emerge from extremely precarious conditions. Idealism can support resilience, but by itself, it cannot create a sustainable change. There is, therefore, the need to invest in these social enterprises, in the training of the actors involved, and in the selection and acquisition of the skills for strengthening the efficiency and sustainability of businesses and to foster horizontal structures of mutuality and solidarity to create a supportive environment for these social enterprises and their mission.

Fear for Online Adolescents

2010 ◽  
pp. 136-151
Author(s):  
Myron Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Sexual Solicitation ◽  
Contagion Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Common

The research literature regarding fears associated with online activities of adolescents was reviewed and assessed in relation to earlier research reported by the author. The original qualitative study focused on the interactions between the social networks of young adolescents and their computer usage. Particular attention was devoted to determining whether heavy computer use tended to isolate adolescent users. The findings challenged the common attributions of prevalent danger, that heavy youthful computer users would experience social isolation. That earlier research led to further questioning of the potential harm of computer use in relation to contagion effects and alarms raised regarding sexual solicitation via the Internet. Recent literature was examined to assess whether danger warnings have been magnified, distorted, or manipulated for ideological purposes. Contrary to popular considerations, the interpersonal lives and computer activities of early adolescents reciprocally reinforced patterns of behavior that lowered the likelihood of risk behaviors to a significantly greater degree than did direct parental involvement. Recommendations to responsible adults were offered to re-focus energies and efforts in directions that would support appropriate computer use and promote pro-social behaviors of online adolescents.

scholarly journals When Business and Politics Mix: Local Networks and Socio-political Transformations in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832542090714
Author(s):  
Honorata Mazepus ◽  
Antoaneta Dimitrova ◽  
Matthew Frear ◽  
Dimiter Toshkov ◽  
Nina Onopriychuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Citizen Satisfaction ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Business And Politics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

This article identifies patronage networks in three Ukrainian regions and develops some ideas on the relation between these networks, economic and political openness, and the provision of public goods. The research represents a rich empirical study linking business and politics in three regions (Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, and Ivano-Frankivsk) with different levels of openness and democratic reform. Formal and informal ties between politics and business are identified using primary (interview) and secondary data. By focusing on the local rather than national level in Ukraine, the article provides a comparison between different levels of patronage and type of networks. This study relates the empirical exploration of patronage networks in post-communist setting to a broader theoretical framework of limited access orders. Our findings show that although a multiplicity of networks might be a necessary condition for the opening of access to political and economic resources, it is not a sufficient one. We find that a single dominant network achieves a relatively high level of citizen satisfaction with public service provision, while the presence of multiple networks is not necessarily associated with citizen satisfaction with public goods provision.

Students with Learning Disabilities at Primary, Intermediate, and Secondary Grade Levels: Identification and Characteristics

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McLeskey
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
School Year ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Descriptive Information ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
End Of Grade

This study provided descriptive information about 790 students with learning disabilities at primary (K-2), intermediate (3–5), and secondary (6–12) grade levels who were identified during the 1987–88 school year in Indiana. The results revealed that identification of students with learning disabilities peaked in the first grade, and that 76% of these students were identified by the end of grade 5. Furthermore, students with more severe discrepancies tended to be identified at the primary level; discrepancies became less severe in higher grade levels. Additional findings were reviewed, and the results of the investigation were compared to previous large-scale studies of students with learning disabilities.

scholarly journals An Objective Structured Clinical Examination for Medical Student Radiology Clerkships: Reproducibility Study

10.2196/15444 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e15444
Author(s):  
Pedro Vinícius Staziaki ◽  
Rutuparna Sarangi ◽  
Ujas N Parikh ◽  
Jeffrey G Brooks ◽  
Christina Alexandra LeBedis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
School Year ◽  
Reproducibility Study ◽  
Substantial Correlation ◽  
High Level

Background Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are a useful method to evaluate medical students’ performance in the clerkship years. OSCEs are designed to assess skills and knowledge in a standardized clinical setting and through use of a preset standard grading sheet, so that clinical knowledge can be evaluated at a high level and in a reproducible way. Objective This study aimed to present our OSCE assessment tool designed specifically for radiology clerkship medical students, which we called the objective structured radiology examination (OSRE), with the intent to advance the assessment of clerkship medical students by providing an objective, structured, reproducible, and low-cost method to evaluate medical students’ radiology knowledge and the reproducibility of this assessment tool. Methods We designed 9 different OSRE cases for radiology clerkship classes with participating third- and fourth-year medical students. Each examination comprises 1 to 3 images, a clinical scenario, and structured questions, along with a standardized scoring sheet that allows for an objective and low-cost assessment. Each medical student completed 3 of 9 random examination cases during their rotation. To evaluate for reproducibility of our scoring sheet assessment tool, we used 5 examiners to grade the same students. Reproducibility for each case and consistency for each grader were assessed with a two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). An ICC below 0.4 was deemed poor to fair, an ICC of 0.41 to 0.60 was moderate, an ICC of 0.6 to 0.8 was substantial, and an ICC greater than 0.8 was almost perfect. We also assessed the correlation of scores and the students’ clinical experience with a linear regression model and compared mean grades between third- and fourth-year students. Results A total of 181 students (156 third- and 25 fourth-year students) were included in the study for a full academic year. Moreover, 6 of 9 cases demonstrated average ICCs more than 0.6 (substantial correlation), and the average ICCs ranged from 0.36 to 0.80 (P<.001 for all the cases). The average ICC for each grader was more than 0.60 (substantial correlation). The average grade among the third-year students was 11.9 (SD 4.9), compared with 12.8 (SD 5) among the fourth-year students (P=.005). There was no correlation between clinical experience and OSRE grade (−0.02; P=.48), adjusting for the medical school year. Conclusions Our OSRE is a reproducible assessment tool with most of our OSRE cases showing substantial correlation, except for 3 cases. No expertise in radiology is needed to grade these examinations using our scoring sheet. There was no correlation between scores and the clinical experience of the medical students tested.

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