scholarly journals Efficiency of forms and terms of zinc application in the winter wheat fields

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
A. Kryvenko ◽  
S. Burykina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Zinc Application

To improve the technology of winter wheat cultivation it becomes more relevant to discuss the issue of enhancing crop microelement nutrition, which is very important when mineral fertilizers are applied at a higher rate than the one accepted in the zone. Chornozem (black) soils in general, and southern ones in particular, have a neutral or slight alkaline response, i.e. most of the microelements are slow movable and in fact are not available for the plants. The efficiency of the microelement application uppermost affected by the form they are in. Recent experiments prove that the most efficient form of microelement transportation to the plants is complex compounds of metals with organic ligands – chelates. The most common chelators are organic acids with carboxyl groups: ethylendiamintetraacetic (EDTA), diethylentryaminpentaacetic (DTPA), dihydroxybutylendiamintetraacetic (DBTA), ethylendiamindisuccinic (EDDA); phosphonic acids – oxyethylendendiphosphonic (OEDF) and nitryltrymethylenphosphonic (NTF). The research aims to study the effect of forms and ways of zinc application on the yield formation and grain quality of soft winter wheat on the southern chornozems (black soils). The experiments were carried out on southern chornozems, low-humus heavy loamy well-cultivated. The size of a sown plot is 120 m2, that of a record one is 50 m2, replication is fourfold. Fertilizers were applied in a form of ammonium nitrate, granulated superphosphate and potassium salt, and also superphosphate with zinc complexonate (0.75 %). Vegetative winter wheat fields were treated with the solutions of zinc salts with help of a manual sprayer. An experiment scheme was given when the results were presented. Black fallow was the predecessor of winter wheat, cv. Knopa. The efficiency of microelement was studied when it was applied in the form of zinc sulfate, chelate form, where oxyethylendendiphosphonic (OEDF) oxyethylendendiphosphonic (OEDF), superphosphate with zinc chelate on OEDF basis were used as ligand (0.75 %) Monitoring and analyzing were done according to the conventional methods in compliance with a standard technique. Statistical processing of the received results was done using a package of applied software Excel and Statistika, the methods of dispersive, correlative and regressive analyses. When N90P60K40, which contained superphosphate modified with zinc complexonate based on OEDF, was applied, the yield increase was 20.2 % as compared with the variant without fertilizers, including 6.4 % – due to zinc. It is advisable to apply zinc in the form of its complexonate with OEDF, the yield increase is 0.15 cwt/ha, as compared with zinc sulfate, and a share of the effect of this factor is 14.0 %. The application of zinc complexonate under pre-sowing cultivation at a rate of 2.0 kg/ha had no benefit over one-time treatment of the plants at the phase of tillering at a rate 250 g/ha, but doing this treatment at a phase of shooting resulted in a serious yield increase (0.20 t/ha at SSD 0.95 = 0.18). Foliar application with the solution of zinc complexonate (250 g/ha) increases the grain yield of winter wheat with the highest effect from a two-time treatment at tillering and shooting phases; the increase ranges from 0.20 to 0.54 t/ha. The efficiency of Zn application by 75.7-96.0% in arid conditions of the south of Ukraine is defined by hydrothermal conditions of spring vegetation, and a microelement helps winter wheat plants develop resistance to a temperature stress. A grain zinc concentration in the experimental variants ranged from 18.4 to 22.1 mg/kg (in the control it was 14.5 mg/kg). Key words: zinc, winter wheat, vegetation phases, quality, southern chornozem.

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

scholarly journals Biological potency of soil, yelding ability and quality of potato depending on the use of microbiologic specimen

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. V. Zhevora ◽  
L. S. Fedotova ◽  
N. A. Timoshina ◽  
E. V. Knyazeva ◽  
A. E. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Level

The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of microbiologic specimen against the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers, and without them. The results were obtained in two short-term experiments for the period from 2015 to 2018.Goal of research: to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes with the integrated use of full and reduced by 30 and 50% doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with various microbiologic specimen by increasing the biological activity of the soil and better nutrient absorption.In the field test (2015-2016, sod-podzolic sandy soil), the yield of potatoes was 24.1-27.9 t / ha (when using mineral fertilizers N45-90P45-90K60-120). When N45P45K60 was combined with preplant treatment of tubers with microbiologic specimen (Azolen, Agrinos «1» and Biocomposite-correct), it increased by 27.6-28.5%, including the increase from microbiologic specimen - 3.5-4.4 t / ha or 14.5-18.3%. In the field test (2016 and 2017-2018, sod-podzolic sandy soil), the maximum yield of potatoes (34.0-35.7 t / ha) was obtained using the microbiologic specimen Extrasol both separately for preplant treatment of tubers, and in combination with foliar application of Agrinos «2» and Extrasol on the background of the full dose of fertilizers N90P90K90. In this case, the yield increase from the biologic specimen was 6.5-8.2 t / ha or 23.6-29.8%.In the variant with a 30% reduced NPK dose and the use of Agrinos [N60P60K60 + Agrinos 1+2 (5+2.5 l / ha)]: the yield level was 4.6 t / ha (17%) higher a full dose of NPK. At the same time high starchiness and vitamin C content, excellent culinary qualities, low levels of nitrates in products; conditional income was 42.3 thousand rubles / ha higher than NPK background, low cost (6.8 rubles / kg), high cost recovery (3.25) and profitability of production 64% were observed.

EFFECT OF BENTONITE CLAY ON THE IRRIGATION NORM OF WINTER WHEAT

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S Abdurakhmonov ◽  
I Abdullayev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Bentonite Clays

In the experiments conducted on typical serozem soils in the Tashkent region, two soil moisture levels of 60-70-60 and 70-80-70% of LFMC were studied, and two norms of mineral fertilizers NPK: 200-140-100 and 150-105-75 kg/ha with additional application of bentonite clays in the amount of 1500-3000-4500 kg/ha for plowing before sowing of winter wheat. The obtained data show that when watering with soil moisture 60-70-60% of LFMC with application of mineral fertilizers with NPK norms: 200-140-100 and 150-105-75 kg/ha and application of bentonite clays in the amount of 1500, 3000 and 4500 kg/ha, the saving of irrigation water in comparison with the control variant, respectively, amounted to 770 m3/ha, 810 m3/ha and 850 m3/ha, and the grain yield increase of 6,9-8,8-10,1 c/ha from the norm of mineral NPK fertilizers: 200-140-100 kg/ha, and an increase in the grain yield of 11,3-13,4-14,7 centner/ha from the norm of mineral fertilizers NPK: 150-105-75 kg/ha. Carrying out irrigations with soil moisture of 70-80-70% of LFMC with the use of mineral fertilizers together with bentonite clay in the amount of 1500-3000-4500 kg/ha, the saving of irrigation water in comparison with the control was 630 m3/ha, 790 m3/ha and 890 m3/ha, where the increase in the grain yield increased 6,3-8,9-10,7 c/ha with the norm of mineral fertilizers NPK: 200-140-100 kg/ha, and 10,4-12,9-14,6 centners per hectare with the norm of mineral fertilizers NPK: 150-105-75 kg/ha.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS CONSEQUENCES AND MELIORANTSON WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF ASKERAN REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Ерицян ◽  
Sergey Eritsyan ◽  
Фарсиян ◽  
Narine Farsiyan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The purpose of research is to identify the influence of the fertilizers aftereffect and ameliorator for yield formation and quality of winter wheat grain Bezostaya 1after predecessor (potatoes) in the unirrigated soils of the Askeran region of NKR in 2011-2014. It should be noted that the winter wheat in the region is an advanced crop, but due to lack of irrigation water and the lack of rainfall is often collected by low yields. Research has established that the aftereffect of fertilizers and meliorants noticeable effect for growth, grain quality and yield formation, the amount of which depends from the application of the system of fertilizer. It is proved that more weak effect preserved when under a precursor have been made only mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90), where as potassium fertilizer was used potash (N90P90K90 option), and when on the same background was used gypsum or bentonite. If in the system N90P90K90 fertilizer (KCl) instead of KCl was used treated dacitic tuff (OTD) or on the same MM backdrop bio-fertilizer, as well as an option manure 30 t/ha + N90P90K90 (KCl), the consequence was significant. In these embodiments, the yield increase compared to control 1 (no fertilizer) was 30.2-57.2%, as compared to the control 2 (N90P90K90 option (KCl) – 10.8-30.6%. In these embodiments, the content of NPK was high in the grain: 1.90-2.15% N; 0.93-0.97% P2O5 and 0.77-0.85% K2O, whereas in the control 1 1.78% nitrogen, phosphorus – 0.69%, 0.53% potassium, and in control 2, accordingly – 1.80%, 0.81%, 0.65%.

scholarly journals THE NEW ORGANIC-MINERAL FERTILIZER FOR GRAIN CROPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh. A. Ivanova ◽  
I. V. Sokolov ◽  
I. A. Freydkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Organic Mineral

The problem to provide the livestock industry of the North-West of Russia with forage grain has sharply escalated since 2010. Its successful solution is connected with the level and validity of the use of mineral and organic fertilizers. The purpose of the study, started by the Menkovsky Branch of the AFI in 2012, was to find effective options for the use of new organic-mineral fertilizer (OMF) which provides maximum agronomic effect and can produce grain of high quality. The methodological basis was the micro trials in polyethylene vessels without bottoms of 1 × 1 × 0.4 m in size with an artificially formed upper part of the profile of degraded sandy sod-podzolic soil. The soil was of 4.75 рНKCl, 3.46 mmol (eq) of Ng per100g, 3.20 mmol (eq) of Sch per100g, 1.83% of humus, 217 mg / kg of mobile compounds of phosphorus and 92 mg / kg of potassium. In the course of research, there was high agronomic efficiency of its use for winter wheat and satisfactory agronomic efficiency of its use for barley. When the winter wheat variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’ was fertilized with 5 t/ha of organic-mineral fertilizer containing 2.46% of Ng, 4.51% of P₂O₅ and 3.36% of K₂O, grain yield increased in 2.6 times. Fertilized with N75P50K50 the productivity improved in 3.8 times with a payback of 1 kg of NPK 7.4 and 5.6 grain units, respectively. It has been established that the combination of OMF with mineral fertilizers is accompanied by a significant yield increase with a decrease in its relative contribution from 153% to 59% and from 143% to 105% and a payback of 1 kg of NPK from 3.8 to 2.6 and from 6.9 to 4.7 of barley grain units and winter wheat grain units, respectively. The best indicators of the agronomic efficiency of OMF, both when applied in pure form and when fertilized with N75P50K50, corresponded to a dose of 4 t / ha. It has been found that the addition of 10 kg of potassium (К₂О) per 1 ton to OMF provided yield increase on 15% and the payback period of 1 kg NPK increased from 6.4 to 8.4 grain units. Qualitative indicators of wheat and barley grain fertilized with OMF improved due to the rise of raw protein percentage on 8–27% and a number of ash elements, such as CaO (from 0.07 to 0.11 mg/kg), MgO (from 0.16 to 0.21 mg/kg), Zn (from 21.5 to 23.6 mg/kg). 

scholarly journals FORMATION OF GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY WINTER WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
N. G. Zakharov ◽  
◽  
N.А. Khayrtdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

The research was carried out on the experimental field of FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of agroclimatic conditions in the region on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat grain Saratovskaya 17 against various doses of mineral fertilizers. The experience scheme provided 4 options: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. N20P20K20; 3. N40P40K40; 4. N60P60K60. It was found that precipitation during the resumption of vegetation-flowering had a significant impact on the yield of winter wheat grain (R2=0,78). To characterize the humidification of the territory, hydrothermal coefficient was calculated according to G. T. Selyaninov. In 2019, it was 0.21, which characterizes the period as very dry. In 2017 and 2018 weather conditions for winter wheat were more favorable (SCC 0.92 and 0.75-insufficiently moist). An increase in yield was observed at a SCC of 0.92 (2017) in all variants of the experiment. The correlation coefficient between the yield of the studied crop and the SCC indicator was 0.84, which indicates a significant dependence of winter wheat productivity on hydrothermal conditions that develop during the period from the resumption of vegetation to flowering of the crop. It is important to note that the main factor affecting the accumulation of gluten in winter wheat grain Saratovskaya 17 and changes in its elastic-elastic properties are the conditions of mineral nutrition of plants. The coefficient of determination shows that 60% of the gluten quality was determined by the conditions of plant nutrition and did not depend on the prevailing weather conditions.

scholarly journals Ecological and economical aspects of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing on sod-podzolic soil depending on fertilization and amelioration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Poliovyi ◽  
L. Yashchenko ◽  
H. Rovna ◽  
B. Huk ◽  
N. Yuvchyk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer System

Assessment of the state and changes forecast of balances of humus and nutrients under the influence of anthropogenic factors, in particular fertilizers which are the criteria for environmental monitoring is given in the article. At the same time, the introduction of an environmentally friendly fertilizer system should ensure the economic efficiency of growing crops on a par with the preservation of soil fertility. The aim was to study the influence of the system of winter wheat fertilization on the balance of humus and nutrient elements on sod-podzolic soil and to establish the economic efficiency in research’s variants. The fertilizer system includes variants with amelioration a 1,0 dose of dolomite flour by the hydrolytic acidity (Hh), mineral fertilizers N120Р60K90 with addition of sulfur S40 and microfertilizer Nutrivant Plus Cereals (2 kg/ha) in foliar application. Methods of research were field trials, calculation, comparative and statistical analysis. Research’s results. Ploughing of plants by-products of back into soil is a source of organic carbon and nutrients. The yield of winter wheat straw in the variants changed from 2.04 to 4.47 t/ha. The largest amount of root (1.27 t/ha) and surface (1.47 t/ha) residues were provided by application 1.0 dose CaMg(CO3)2 and N120Р60K90 with the addition of S40 and microfertilizer Nutrivant Plus Cereals. The above fertilizer system provided a positive humus balance of 1.39 t/ha. The difference of data in variants with and without straw showed that due to straw ploughing in the soil accumulated up to 27–31% of the relative values of the newly formed humus. Optimization of the nutrition conditions due to fertilizers and liming caused an increase uptake of nutrients by culture, which together with unproductive losses led to a decrease of elements balance. At the same time, an increase the elements removal occurred at indicators of the intensity of NPK balance above 100%. This allowed us to conclude that the winter wheat fertilization of N120Р60K90 with the addition S40 and microfertilizer in combination with 1Hh dose of dolomite flour provides extension of sod-podzolic soil fertility along with increasing economic profitability of wheat cultivation. In this case, the grain yield of 3.85 t/ha contributed to the highest (1.52 UAH/ha) payback of fertilizer and liming.

scholarly journals Influence of some factors on the production process of spring wheat plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vasetsky ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
Oksana Tseluyko ◽  
Andrey Fedyushkin ◽  
Sergey Pasko
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Negative Effect

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.

scholarly journals Effect of macro- and microfertilizers on oil radish seed yield in the forest steppe conditions of the Central Federal district of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
E.Y. Kuzmina ◽  
◽  
V.P. Savenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
Radish Seed

We studied effect of macro- and micronutrient fertilizers on oil radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera Metzg.) seed yield in fields of the Lipetsk Research Institute of Rapeseed in 2019–2020. The research was conducted in the forest-steppe conditions of the Central Federal district of the Russian Federation. Field experiment variants were as following: control (without fertilizers), (NPK)40, (NPK)80 and N40 in autumn under plowing, (NPK)40 and N40 in spring under before-sowing cultivation, and as a part of the main (NPK)40 application, foliar application with Plantofola (20:20:20), Polydon Amino Start and Polydon Amino Mix. Soil of the experimental field was leached, heavy clay loam chernozem having the distinctive agrochemical characteristics. In general, the weather conditions for the oil radish growing season in 2019 were close to the average long-term norm, and in 2020 the weather conditions were distinguished by a significant lack of precipitation, which affected the formation of oil radish yield. The studies have shown that the effect patterns of the studied macro- and micronutrient fertilizers on oil radish yield in the years of the experiments did not practically differ. On the average in both 2019 and 2020 the yield increase has been noted. The application of nitrogen and complete mineral fertilizers for this crop under plowing in autumn and under before-sowing cultivation in spring significantly increased its yield, which reached the highest values (22.3 quintal per ha) in the experiment with (NPK)80 as the main fertilizer. At the same time, an equivalent oil radish seed yield was formed with less costly agricultural technologies, when with application of (NPK)40, in autumn under plowing foliar application with Plantofola (1.0 l per ha) was conducted in the phases of 5–7 true leaves and budding–beginning of flowering or Polydon Amino Start (1.0 l per ha) was used in the phase of 5–7 true leaves.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
O. S. Vlasiuk ◽  
N. V. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of mineral fertilizers, green manure,seed treatment with biopreparations and spraying of crops with Biocomplex-BTU on the parameters ofproductivity and affection of two varieties of wheat by the mildew of plants. It has been established thatpre-seeding bacterization contributes to the increase of yield by 0.09-0.34 t/ha, depending on thebiopreparation and fertilization. Under the action of mineral fertilizers alone or in combination withgreen manure, the yield increased by 1.74-2.21 t/ha, compared with the variant without fertilizers andwithout inoculation. The treatment of winter wheat crops by Biocomplex-BTU promotes yield increase by0.19-0.34 t/ha, depending on the fertilization and inoculation of seeds. Under inoculation of seeds andtreatment of crops with biopreparation, the number of productive stems and grains in the spike increases,while the weight of 1000 grains is predominantly reduced.Under use of fertilizers, specified parameters increase significantly. The most effective is the use ofbiopreparations without fertilizers.

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