scholarly journals Peculiarities of the phenotypic dominance degree manifestation by stem length in F1bread winter wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
M. Lozinskiy ◽  
Н. Ustinova ◽  
T. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The manifestation of the phenotypic dominance degree of the main stem length in F1 under hybridization of different varieties of bread winter wheat was studied during different for hydrothermal conditions 2018–2020. In the hybridization of Bilotserkivska napivkarlykova variety with medium-growing varieties of groups 1 and 2, the most common type of stem length inheritance was negative overdominance – 54.5 % and positive overdominance – 27.3 %. The degree of phenotypic dominance varied from -63.0 to +7.4. When used medium-sized varieties of group I in the crossing with the maternal form, the degree of phenotypic dominance had a signifcant differentiation from -257.0 to +35.0, and the determination of stem length in most combinations was negatively overdominated – 61.4 %. The combinations Shchedra nyva/Dobirna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Myronivska early/Kolchuga, Antonivka/Vidrada were characterized by a stable manifestation of a negative degree of phenotypic dominance (h p > -1). When involved in the hybridization of medium-sized varieties of group 2 in the maternal form, the most common type of stem length inheritance had negative dominance as well. It was found that the degree of phenotypic dominance of stem length in F 1 depended on the selection of parental forms for hybridization and year conditions. Thus, in 2020, under more favorable conditions for the formation of stem length in most hybrids, a negative degree of phenotypic dominance was determined, and the inheritance was negatively dominated. High rates of negative hypothetical and true heterosis were found in the following hybrids: Shchedra nyva/Dobirna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Kolchuga/Chornyava, Kolchuga/ Antonivka, Yednist/Dobirna, Kolchuga/Vidrada in 2018; Chornyava/Antonivka, Shchedra nyva/Dobirna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Chorniava/Shchedra nyva in 2019; Myronivska early/Antonivka, Zolotokolosa/Antonivka, Myronivska early/Kolchuga, Myronivska early/Vdala, Zolotokolosa/ Yednist, Shchedra nyva/Stolychna, Shchedra nyva/Vidrada, Antonivka/Yednist, Antonivka/Vidrada, Kolchuga/Vidrada, Kolchuga/Stolychna in 2020. Key words: bread winter wheat, crossbreeding combinations, hybrids, main stem length, degree of phenotypic dominance, hypothetical and true heterosis.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND GENETIC CONTROL OF WINTER WHEAT RESISTANCE TO WINTER

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
M. E. Mukhordova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Additive Genes

Winterhardiness is regarded as a parameter controlled by the activities performed by a large number of genes. In diallel crossbreeding, a researcher has complete combinations of genes that parental varieties possess. The paper analyses additivity and dominance of the crossbreeding population. It allows to assess the contribution made by the main types of gene interactions to parameter expression by decomposing the genotypic variant into a general and specific combination ability. The research aims at exploring the variability of winterhardiness of soft winter wheat and determining the system of genetic determination of this indicator. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture in Omsk in 2013-2014. The varieties and hybrids of F1 had triple sowing. The area of plant nutrition was 10 x 20 (cm2). The coulisse fallow was forecrop. The authors explored six samples of soft winter wheat and 30 F1 diallel hybrids. They observed reliable differences among genotypes according to “winterhardiness” parameter (P ≤ 0.05). Variability of this parameter is specified by meteorological conditions (95.07%) and determined by means of two-factor dispersion analysis. The authors used Heiman’s figures in order to evaluate and explore the genetic features of winter wheat winterhardiness (relationship between Wr and Vr - covariance and variant) and genetic parameters. The OCS effect was high (P<0.05), therefore, additive genes played an important role in the features heritability. The effect of SCS was high and reliable as well. Positive correlation values (r (2013) = 0.81 and (r (2014) = 0.19) among the average parental values (P) and (Wr + Vr) indicate that their dominance is indirect and recessive genes may increase winterhardiness. The average dominance parameter was higher than 1. This proves the great contribution of nonadditive genes to possessing winterhardiness. Selection of unique genotypes with strong winterhardiness is supposed to occur in older generations of hybrids (F4 - F6). The Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya variety can become a donor in stressful conditions of overwintering (OCS effect is 13.33), in favorable conditions – Fantasia variety (OCS=12.69).

scholarly journals Determination of the biological efficiency of microbial transformation of organic substances of champignon substrates using biodestructors and their importance as organic fertilizer of plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
K. Podmarkova ◽  
S. Gruzinsky ◽  
M. Patyka ◽  
I. Chabanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Model Object

Goal. Determination of the biological effect of microbial transformation of organic substances of mushroom substrates for the use of biodestructors. Methods. The subject of the study was the used waste substrate after growing mushrooms. The biodestructors Extrakon and Bionorma Destructor were used for the transformation of organic substances of champignon substrates. Winter wheat ‘Smuglyanka’ variety was used as a test object. Research methods: biotechnological, biochemical, microbiological, statistical, light microscopy. Results. Scientific research was carried out and the literature data on the study of waste mushroom substrates and their use as an organic fertilizer were summarized. The monitoring of the possibilities was carried out using substrates after mushroom cultivation. The influence of domestic Extrakon and the Bionorma Destructor on spent mushroom substrates was studied. Established the benefits of using microfertilizer Extrakon and Bionorma Destructor on spent champignon substrates when growing agricultural plants using the example of winter wheat. The research results showed that when using an extract from a spent mushroom substrate, the stem length of the model increases 43.15% longer, and the root length is 1.17% longer, compared to distilled water. When we used an extract from a spent mushroom substrate fermented by Extrakon, the stem length of the model object is 25.12% longer, in comparison with the control, it is 79.11% longer. The length of the roots is 35.66% more compared with the use of an extract from an unfermented spent mushroom substrate, compared with the control — 37.24% more. When Destructor Bionorma was used, the growth of the model object is inhibited. Conclusions. Preparation Extrakon with a spent mushroom substrate in plants, the root system increases due to this, and the feeding area increases. This is due to the fact that the preparation Extrakon is designed for introduction into the soil and for its use the beneficial microflora of the soil is activated, transforms the components of the spent liver substrate, which are then absorbed by the plants and positively affect the nutrition of the root system.

scholarly journals Dependence of winter wheat yield on the content and composition of organic matter of typical chernozem

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Nina Masyutenko ◽  
Alexey Kuznetsov ◽  
Maxim Masyutenko ◽  
Tatiana Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship and the determination of the dependence of winter wheat yield on the content and composition of the organic matter of typical chernozem, the determination of its optimal parameters in different by hydrothermal conditions years. The research was carried out in 2018-2019 in a typical heavy-loamy chernozem in the experimental field of the Kursk FARC. Coupled studies of the yield of winter wheat Synthetics and indicators of soil organic matter in the topsoil were carried out on 30-meter sites during the harvest period. The range of fluctuations in the content and composition of organic matter in the soil, the yield of winter wheat at the studied sites allowed us to apply information and logical analysis within the framework of the analyzed soil-plant system. A high dependence of winter wheat yield on the content and composition of soil organic matter was established, in 2018 the coefficients of information transfer efficiency varied from 0.23 to 0.17, in 2019 from 0.32 to 0.18. It was found that in dry 2019 the dependence of winter wheat yield on the biogenicity of mobile humus substances, the lability of humus, and microbial biomass has increased, and the influence of humus has decreased. It is established that in the studied years the significance of the parameters for the formation of winter wheat yield remained, the degree of their influence and sometimes the nature of the direction of the relationship changed. The optimal parameters of indicators of soil organic matter in the arable layer of chernozem typical for obtaining the yield of winter wheat Synthetic 5.45-7.24 t/ha in a favorable by hydrothermal conditions year and 4.78-7.19 t/ha in a dry year were established.

Influence of a chemical preparation of triazole50% cs on sowing the winter wheat against rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
AliyevSh.K. ◽  
TuychiyevI.U ◽  
Karimov N ◽  
Umaraliev.M.I
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Preparation ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Biological Farming ◽  
The Given ◽  
Farming Efficiency

The article is focused on the data of the carried works on studying biological efficiency of fungi Triazole 50% on sowing the winter wheat against yellow rust as well as on the height, development and fertility of the wheat. On May 5, 2019 from 9 to 10 o’clock under the temperature 21-23 field experiments of Triazol 50% CS manufactured by the firm “Agroximstar” (Uzbekistan) were carried out on winter wheat as a protector of seeds of winter wheat of Pervitsa sort against the disease of yellow rustin the irrigated conditions in an experimental field of the Institute “Istiklal” of Andijan district of Andijan region. The aim of the given research is to study biological-farming efficiency and determination of optimal norms of preparation expenses and to study the influence of fungicide on the height and development as well as on the fertility of the wheat. The received data showed that the preparation Triazole 50% CS effected on the pathogen of yellow rust favorably and besides that it didn’t effect on seed growth and energy of growth negatively.

Effects of Liming and Fertilization on the Dehydrogenase and Catalase Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ilona Katalin Fodor ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Cristian Felix Blidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Npk Fertilization

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p[0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p[0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05]p]0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity.

Biocompatiblibility analysis of the decellularized bovine pericardium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sokol ◽  
◽  
D. Grekov ◽  
G. Yemets ◽  
O. Galkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Decellularized Scaffolds ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Potential Use

The decellularized bovine pericardium and its potential use as a natural scaffold is a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied being before applied in clinical use. Purpose: to evaluate the biocompatibility of the extracellular matrices, which were decellularized by trypsin enzyme and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent. Material and methods. Pericardial sacs were acquired from 12-18 months’ age bulls. Tissue decellularization was performed by using 0.25 % Trypsin solution and 1 % ionic SDS for group I and 0.1 % SDS for group II samples. The implantation was performed on Wistar rats. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, Congo red and Masson's Trichrome for histological analysis. Results. In group 1 in 3 months after subcutaneous implantation in rats we noticed the inflammation in surrounding tissue and degradation of the implant. Under the same conditions in animals of group 2 implant replacement with growing immature connective tissue was noted. Bio-implant of this group did not degrade, moreover it's integrated to the tissues of experimental rats. Conclusion. Our results showed that decellularized bovine pericardium by 0.1 % SDS can become an alternative material for tissue engineering and has the potential for further use in human surgery.

scholarly journals Evolution of Antennapedia-Class Homeobox Genes

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhi Zhang ◽  
Masatoshi Nei
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Antennapedia (Antp)-class homeobox genes are involved in the determination of pattern formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the animal embryo. A phylogenetic analysis of Antp-class homeodomains of the nematode, Drosophila, amphioxus, mouse, and human indicates that the 13 cognate group genes of this gene family can be divided into two major groups, i.e., groups I and II. Group I genes can further be divided into subgroups A (cognate groups 1–2), B (cognate group 3), and C (cognate groups 4–8), and group II genes can be divided into subgroups D (cognate groups 9–10) and E (cognate groups 11–13), though this classification is somewhat ambiguous. Evolutionary distances among different amino acid sequences suggest that the divergence between group I and group II genes occurred ∼1000 million years (MY) ago, and the five different subgroups were formed by ∼600 MY ago, probably before the divergence of Pseudocoelomates (e.g., nematodes) and Coelomates (e.g., insects and chordates). Our results show that the genes that are phylogenetically close are also closely located in the chromosome, suggesting that the colinearity between the gene expression and gene arrangement was generated by successive tandem gene duplications and that the gene arrangement has been maintained by some sort of selection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chlorimuron as a Growth Regulator for Peanut

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Mitchem ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vine Growth

Abstract Chlorimuron was evaluated as a growth regulator on peanut. Treatments included chlorimuron at a total of 8.8 g ai/ha applied once at 60,75, or 90 d after emergence (DAE) or in equal portions applied twice at 60 and 75, 60 and 90, or 75 and 90 DAE or three times at 60, 75, and 90 DAE. Daminozide at 950 g ai/ha applied 75 DAE was included as a comparison. In a year with excessive vine growth, daminozide and all chlorimuron treatments except 8.8 g/ha applied 90 DAE reduced cotyledonary lateral branch and main stem length at harvest 9 to 20 and 12 to 24%, respectively, due to suppression of internode length. Sequential applications of chlorimuron generally suppressed growth more than single applications. No improvement in row visibility at harvest was noted. In a dry year with limited vegetative growth, neither chlorimuron nor daminozide affected cotyledonary lateral branch or main stem length at harvest. Chlorimuron at 2.9 g/ha applied 60, 75, and 90 DAE reduced yield 18% at one of four locations; no other treatment affected yield. Chlorimuron at 8.8 g/ha applied 60 DAE or 4.4 g/ha applied 60 and 75 DAE reduced the percentage of fancy pods and extra large kernels at one or more locations. No treatment affected the percentage of total sound mature kernels. Results suggest chlorimuron has little to no potential for use as a growth regulator.

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