scholarly journals Energy productivity of sugar sorghum in the central part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine depending on the harvesting time

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O. Hanzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Due to global climate change, sugar sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum), due to its fast growth rate, early maturation, efcient use of water and limited need for fertilizers, is the most promising plant for biofuel production in the world. The article presents the results of the study on establishing the dependence of sugar sorghum energy performance indicators on varietal characteristics (varieties 'Silosne 42' and 'Favorit' and hybrids 'Dovista' and 'Medoviy F1') and the green biomass harvesting time. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of varietal characteristics and harvesting time on sugar sorghum energy productivity in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research subject is sugar sorghum energy productivity indicators (yield of green biomass; sugar content of juice; yield of biogas, bioethanol, solid biofuel; total energy yield). The studies were carried out during 2016–2020 in the zone of unstable moisture in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the conditions of the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It has been established that the highest yield of biofuel and energy (up to 791.8 GJ/ha) is achieved under growing sugar sorghum of the 'Dovista' hybrid, provided that its biomass is collected in the phase of full seed ripeness (early October). It is advisable to start collecting sugar sorghum biomass for biogas after the panicle throwing phase. To ensure the maximum yield of bioethanol, the optimal time for harvesting green biomass of sugar sorghum is the second decade of September – the frst decade of October. The maximum yield of solid biofuel is achieved under harvesting biomass after the phase of waxy ripeness of grain. The formation of the yield of green biomass of sugar sorghum was more influenced by weather conditions (47.4 %), the influence of varietal characteristics (17.8 %) and the timing of harvesting (12.8 %) was less. But the energy yield was most influenced by the timing of harvesting biomass (37.4 %). A close linear correlation between the energy output and the yield of green (R2=0.81) and dry biomass (R2=0.99) was established. The most ecological plasticity in terms of the total energy yield per unit area turned out to be the 'Medoviy F1' hybrid (b=1.62), which indicates the prospects of growing this hybrid under favorable weather conditions and high level of agricultural technology. Key words: sugar sorghum, varietal characteristics, harvesting time, energy yield, biofuel yield, productivity.

scholarly journals Energy productivity of grain sorghum depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
L. Pravdyva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Right

In Ukraine, grain sorghum is an important grain crop used in bioethanol and solid fuel production. It stands out signifcantly from other grain crops by its economically valuable features, drought resistance, high productivity and universality of use. Grain sorghum is grown for use in the food industry (the main processed products are sorghum starch, glucosefructose syrups, alcohol, etc.), in fodder production and, more recently, in the energy industry. Therefore, the research of the elements of the cultivation technology, namely the sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds, is expedient and perspective. The article highlights the research results of the influence of the sowing time and the depth of planting seeds on the energy productivity of sorghum crops of the grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’ in the Right-Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the optimal sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds and to substantiate their influence on the crop energy productivity in condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 at the Bilotserkivska Research Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was found that the highest crop yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a planting depth of 4–6 cm. At the same time, the grain yield of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 7.1–7.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 6.3–6.7 t/ha; the yield of biomass of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 40.2–44.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 37.3–39.5 t/ha. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a depth of planting of seeds of 4–6 cm. Cultivation of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety allowed to obtain 2.37–2.47 t/ha of bioethanol, the ‘Vinets’ variety – 2.08–2,21 t/ha. The yield of solid biofuel in this variant of the experiment was also the largest and amounted to 9.29–10.26 t/ha for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 8.62–9.12 t/ha for the ‘Vinets’ variety. The total energy yield from the obtained biofuel of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 210.66–228.98 GJ/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 192.37–203.95 GJ/ha. Key words: grain sorghum, varieties, sowing time, seeding depth, energy productivity.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Melnyk ◽  
S.V. Zherdetska ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Gulam Shabir ◽  
S.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Training Research

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees. The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010. The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied. The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control. Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

scholarly journals Energy and Greenhouse Gases Balances of Cotton Farming in Iran: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Sami ◽  
Habib Reyhani
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Ratio Energy

This study evaluated the impacts of cotton farming on the climate changes in terms of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission indices. Energy consumption pattern and sensitivity of energy inputs were evaluated and share of each input in GHG emissions was determined in the form of direct and indirect emissions for cotton farms in Golestan province of Iran. The total energy input and energy output were calculated to be 34,424.19 and 41,496.67 MJ/ha respectively. The share of fertilizers by 45.0 % of total energy inputs was the highest. This was followed by energies of fuel (18.4 %) and irrigation (17.9 %) respectively. Fertilizers and fuels were also the biggest producers of GHGs in the farms with shares of 61.95 and 24.32 % of total GHGs emission. Energy ratio, energy balance, energy intensity and energy productivity were found as 1.21, 7,072.48 MJ/ha, 9.79 MJ/kg and 0.10 kg/MJ, respectively. Results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the cotton production was more sensitive to energies of seed and human labour than other inputs and an additional use of 1 MJ of each of these inputs would lead to a change in the yield by −0.75 and 0.73 kg/ha, respectively. The results also showed, in the process of cotton farming 897.80 and 1177.67 kg CO2 – equivalent of direct and indirect GHG were emitted per hectare respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Greenhouse Cucumber Production Sustainability in Terms of Energy Use Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nawal Khamis Al-Mezeini ◽  
Abdulrahim M. Al-Ismaili ◽  
Said M. Tabook
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable agricultural production could be assessed through energy-use efficiency (EUE). Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the EUE for cucumber greenhouse production in Oman. Data were obtained by interviewing farmers (face-to-face). Result indicated that total energy inputs (e.g. electricity, water, fertilizers and agrochemicals) and total energy output (cucumber yield) were 1159726.0 MJ ha-1 and 89942.9 MJ ha-1, respectively. The highest energy consuming input in the greenhouse production was electricity, consuming 88% of total energy input. This indicates that electricity had again the highest impact in cucumber greenhouse production and 99% of electricity goes for cooling the greenhouse. When all energy inputs were classified into its forms; direct (D) and indirect (ID), and renewable (R) and non-renewable (NR), the highest portion of total energy forms in greenhouse cucumber production was for D and NR energy. The EUE and energy productivity (EP) were found to be 0.07 and 0.10 kg MJ-1, respectively. Energy use in greenhouse cucumber production was inefficient and solar energy need to be implemented to improve cucumber greenhouse sustainability production.

scholarly journals Productivity of mustachioed pea varieties depending on the nutrition background under the conditions of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
S. I. Popov ◽  
O. M. Hlubokyi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Rotation Scheme

The purpose of the research was to find out the effect of the main fertilization system in the crop rotation scheme on the yield and quality of seeds of moustachioed pea varieties in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out in the period 2016–2020 in the stationary crop rotation scheme of V.Y.Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine. The soil is powerful, poorly leached chernozem. The object of study were seven zoned varieties – Deviz, Tsarevych, Otaman, Oplot, Korvet, Haiduk and Malakhit. The experiment scheme included three backgrounds: 1 – crop rotation (without fertilizers); 2 – organic (manure aftereffect); 3 – organo-mineral (aftereffect of manure + N30P30K30 in the main application). The cultivation technology is generally accepted for the zone. The experimental results were statistically processed by the method of analysis of variance. Results and discussion. In unstable weather conditions 2016–2020 on the unfertilized background, the highest yield level was provided by the varieties Tsarevych (2.33 t/ha), Haiduk (2.28 t/ha) and Oplot (2.27 t/ha) with an excess of the standard variety Deviz by 0.19–0, 25 t/ha. Depending on the year of research, the maximum yield of these varieties varied within 3.04–3.21 t/ha, the minimum yield was 0.77–0.88 t/ha, and the range of variation was 2.27–2.38 t/ha. The productivity of the above mentioned varieties (2.75–2.77 t/ha) exceeded the standard by an average of 0.43–0.45 t/ha on the organic background, and compared with the unfertilized background, the increase in grain yield was 0.44–0.45 t / ha or 18.9–21.5 %. The highest yield (3.04–3.07 t/ha) and an increase in grain (0.77–0.84 t/ha) were provided by the varieties Tsarevych, Haiduk and Oplot on the organo-mineral background. This testifies to their good response to fertilizers and the possibility of cultivation using intensive technology. During the years of research, the maximum yield of these varieties was 4.16–4.39 t/ha, the minimum – 1.27–1.51 t/ha, and the highest range of its variation was from 2.79 t/ha to 2.89 t/ha. The smallest increase in grain on the organo-mineral background of fertilization was obtained in the varieties Malakhit and Korvet – 0.47 t/ha and 0.56 t/ha respectively. At the same time, the range of yield variation over the years was the smallest – 2.43–2.44 t/ha. The most favourable weather conditions for peas were in 2016, 2017 and 2020. Accordingly, this provided the highest level of average yield of varieties in terms of backgrounds: without fertilization – 2.70–2.72 t/ha, organic – 2.87–3.23 t/ha, organo-mineral – 3.14–3.83 t/ha. In the most unfavourable weather conditions of 2019, regardless of the nutritional background, the Tsarevych and Otaman varieties were more resistant to drought. The average yield of these varieties on the unfertilized background was 0.81 t/ha. At the same time, organic and organo-mineral nutritional backgrounds provided a significant increase in the grain – respectively 0.39 t/ha and 0.48 t/ha. Conclusions. On average for 2016–2020, the Tsarevych and Haiduk varieties were the most responsive to fertilization. The increase in grain of these varieties were consistently high – 0.44 and 0.47 t/ha on the organic background (aftereffect of manure) and 0.84 and 0.79 t/ha with the main application of N30P30K30 on the organic background respectively. On average, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer backgrounds for Tsarevych and Haiduk varieties ensured an increase in their productivity 0.38 t/ha and 0.69 t/ha respectively, with a yield under control (without fertilizers) of 2.21 t/ha. The dependence of the quality of pea grain on the variety and nutrition background was revealed. The highest protein content of grain was obtained in less productive varieties of Korvet and Malakhit with indicators, in the control of 24.09 and 23.35%, and on the organic-mineral background – 24.63% and 23.39% respectively. The possibility of the simultaneous increase in yield and protein content in the grain of the Haiduk variety has been established. The most significant gross protein harvest was obtained on the organic-mineral nutritional background in the Haiduk, Oplot and Tsarevych varieties (0.682–0.689 t/ha) with an increase of 16.8–17.8% in comparison with the standard variety Devyz. The increase in the gross yield of protein per hectare, in most varieties, depended on the level of their yield rather than on the protein content in the grain

Performance of Bi-Facial PV Modules in Urban Settlements in Tropical Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Carlo Pisigan ◽  
Fan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Irradiation Energy ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Urban Settlements

This paper studies the performance of bifacial Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer (HIT) PV modules through a one-year experiment in Singapore. Two 1.2kWp (front side)/0.84kWp (rear side) PV systems were installed vertically, facing the N-S and E-W directions respectively. The operational data of two systems were monitored and collected to analyze their performance under different weather conditions. This paper will presentthe change of irradiation, energy yield and the AC energy output of the bifacial PV systems. The results help to understand the impacts of system installation on the energy yield of vertically-installedbifacial HIT PV systems, to find out its advantages in applications over monofacial PV modules and to explore the potential of bifacial PV modules in tropical regions, especially in urban areas like Singapore.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of Continuous Rye, Rotational Rye and Barley in Different Fertilization Systems in a Long-Term Field Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Use Efficiency

A goal in sustainable agriculture is to use fossil energy more efficiently in crop production. This 60-year-old experiment on a silt loam chernozem investigated effects of fertilization (unfertilized control, mineral fertilizer (NPK) and farmyard manure (FYM)) and rotation (continuous winter rye (CR), winter rye in rotation (RR), spring barley in rotation (SB) on diesel fuel consumption, total energy input (made of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity, energy productivity and energy use efficiency. The input rates of fertilizer, herbicides and seeds were set constant during the experiment. Soil tillage was done with a moldboard plough with subsequent combined seedbed preparation and seeding. The mean calculated total energy input was highest in NPK with 11.28 GJ ha−1 and lowest in the unfertilized control with 5.00 GJ ha−1. Total energy input for FYM was intermediate with 6.30 GJ ha−1. With energetic consideration of NPK nutrients in FYM the total energy input increased to the level of NPK. The share of the fertilizer energy on the total energy input was 49% for NPK. Fertilization with FYM and NPK increased yield and energy output considerably, especially of CR and SB which attained about doubled values. Crop rotation also increased the yield and energy output, especially of unfertilized rye, which attained values increased by about 75%. Fertilization with FYM resulted in the highest energy efficiency as the net-energy output, the energy productivity and the energy use efficiency were higher but the energy intensity was lower compared to unfertilized controls and NPK. When the nutrients in FYM were also energetically considered, the energy efficiency parameters of FYM decreased to the level of the NPK treatment. Crop rotation increased the energy efficiency of winter rye compared to the monoculture.

scholarly journals Influence of modern preparations on soybean crop productivity in the conditions of forest steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Vasily G. Vasin ◽  
Ramis N. Saniev ◽  
Alexey V. Vasin ◽  
Nikolai A. Prosandeev ◽  
Alexey N. Burunov
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of scientific research on the growth-stimulating preparations in the pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and crops according to the development phases in the foreststeppe zone of the Middle Volga. It contains the results of the 2016-2018 research with an assessment of indicators of plant safety, photosynthetic activity and soybean yield in different treatment options by growth factors. The two-component preparations in pre-sowing seed treatment contribute to better soybean germination up to 78.12%. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Risotorphine and Raykat Start preparations forms the maximum leaf area. Comparing three years, we can say that the leaves work more productively in the variants with the use of Risotorphine and Raykat Start in pre-sowing treatment. Weather conditions in 2018 allowed soybean crops to form a high yield. The yield level was in the range of 1.48 - 1.98 t / ha. Inoculation of seeds with Raykat Start followed by crops treatment in the phase of 3-5 leaves and budding allowed achieving maximum yield for all years of research. After treating the seeds with Raykat Start, the maximum grain yield was 1.40 t/ha with a double-treatment of crops by microfertilizing mixture Megamix Profi in a phase of 3-5 leaves and budding.

scholarly journals Energy use pattern analysis of rockmelon (Cucumis melo) production in Malaysia: a case study

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Liyana N.A. ◽  
D.E. Pebrian
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Use Pattern

Preservation of energy resources for crop production is a crucial act in an endeavour to make agriculture more sustainable. In response to that matter, this study aims to analyse and evaluate energy use pattern and its economic in rockmelon (Cucumis melo) production in Malaysian farms. Face-to-face interviews with the sampled farmers were employed to collect the data through a case study in Klang district, Selangor state of Malaysia. The collected data was then analysed using mathematical operations and spreadsheet software. The results indicated that the total energy inputs in rockmelon were 4475.62 MJ/ha. The highest portion, which accounted for 73.29% of the total energy inputs were consumed by fertilizers, while the lowest portion was used for seed (0.01%). The total energy inputs were formed from 85.12% indirect energy and 14.88% direct energy; and 85% non-renewable energy and 15% renewable energy. The net energy and energy productivity values were 11332.85 MJ/ha and 2.81 kg/MJ, respectively. The farmers gained 29.94% profit margin from their farms business. The ratio of energy output -inputs in rockmelon production was 5.34. As the ratio was much greater than 1, thus, conclusively, the energy inputs used by the farmers in the process of rockmelon production was highly efficient.

scholarly journals Formation of Crop Yields of Energy Crops Depending on the Soil and Weather Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Maroš Korenko ◽  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Vasyl Kurylo ◽  
Maksym Kulyk ◽  
Alexander Kainichanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article presented discusses the need to use plant biomass made of energy crops grown in marginal soils as an alternative energy source. Variability of biometric indicators of the plant vegetative parts (productivity elements) was experimentally established: stem quantity per area unit and stem height depending on the soil and weather conditions. Based on the five-year research, there was observed a significant influence of soil and climatic growing conditions (average daily air temperature; rainfall; soil fertility) on formation of crop energy productivity. Results showed that the variability of stem density and height; dry phytomass productivity of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus during observed years depended on the studied factors. Correlation-regression analysis proved and characterized the influence of soil and climatic conditions during the growing season of energy crops on the yield of dry phytomass of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus in the central part of the Ukraine forest-steppe. The impact proportion share of weather conditions and plant productivity elements on the level of energy crops yields was calculated.

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