scholarly journals The Climate in the European Union and the Enlarged European Region is a Determinant of the COVID-19 Case Fatality Ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10979-10986
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
European Region ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Köppen Climate Classification

Climate could influence the COVID-19 pandemic, but while no evidence has been advanced on the influence of colder climates, some studies have provided data to support a possible heat-related protective factor. The objective is to verify whether areas with a Cold Temperate Climate (TC) have a higher Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) for COVID-19 than areas with a Cold Climate (CC) or with a Mediterranean Climate (MC) in the European Union and the Enlarged European Region. Countries or regions were subdivided into 3 groups according to the Köppen climate classification system: TC (Cfa, Cfb and Cfc in the Köppen system); MC (Csa, Csb); CC (D and E in the Köppen system). The total number of cases and the total number of deaths were detected on 13 August 2020 on the COVID-19 Map - Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center-the CFR was thus calculated by area. Living in TC areas is strongly associated with risk of a high Case Fatality Ratio for COVID-19, OR for MC =0.42, IC 95% 0.41-0.43; OR for CC=0.33, IC 95% 0.33-0.35. The results are confirmed in the EU, OR per MC=0.85, CI 95% 0.84-0.87; OR per CC=0.63, IC 95% 0.61-0.65.The study found that the IC in a humid temperate climate is associated with higher CFR with respect to the coldest and warmest temperate climates in Europe. This does not appear to be the only determinant of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Is there room for improving case management for contacts of meningococcal disease in the European Union?

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Lopalco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Loss Of Limbs

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe illness primarily affecting children and young adults. It has a high case fatality rate (10%-14%) and 11%-19% of patients who recover experience permanent hearing loss, mental retardation, loss of limbs or other serious sequelae.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of migrant children integration into the modern European society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Уткина
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Society ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
European Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Program ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
The Common

Статья посвящена вопросам интеграции несовершеннолетних мигрантов в европейском регионе. Автор исследует законодательную базу и основные инструменты европейской политики в данной сфере с акцентом на меры, принятые после начала миграционного кризиса 2015 г., выделяя основные проблемы, с которыми сталкивается ЕС в процессе интеграции детей мигрантов. Для решения этих проблем предлагается выработать общеевропейскую методику интеграции данной категории детей с опорой на национальные практики Португалии, Швеции и Швейцарии, а также российские методики (на примере Москвы) интеграции детей мигрантов средствами образования. The articles focuses on migrant children integration in the European region. The work examines the European legal framework and the main European integration instruments with an emphasis on the measures adopted after the European migrant crisis broke out in 2015. The analysis reveals the main problems the European Union face in the sphere of minor migrant integration. In order to address them the author puts forward the proposals for elaborating the common European integration program on the basis of Portuguese, Swedish and Swiss national practices as well as Russian approaches (on the example of Moscow) to the migrant children integration by means of education.

scholarly journals Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings in Cold Mediterranean Zones Using Optimized Thermal Envelope Insulation Thicknesses: The Case of Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. López-Ochoa ◽  
Jesús Las-Heras-Casas ◽  
Luis M. López-González ◽  
César García-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

The residential sector of the European Union consumes 27% of the final energy of the European Union, and approximately two-thirds of the existing dwellings in the European Union were built before 1980. For this reason, the European Union aims to transform the existing residential building stock into nearly zero-energy buildings by 2050 through energy renovation. The most effective method to achieve this goal is to increase the thermal insulation of opaque elements of the thermal envelope. This study aims to assess the energy, environmental and economic impacts of the energy renovation of the thermal envelopes that are typical of the existing multi-family buildings of the 26 provincial capitals in the cold climate zones of Spain. To achieve this goal, the insulation thickness to be added to the walls, roof and first floor framework is optimized by a life cycle cost analysis, and the existing building openings are replaced, thus minimizing both the total heating costs and the total heating and cooling costs. The study uses four thermal insulation materials for four different heating and cooling systems in 10 different models. The results obtained will be used to propose energy renovation solutions to achieve nearly zero-energy buildings both in Spain and in similar Mediterranean climate zones.

scholarly journals PRÓBA OCENY EFEKTYWNOŚCI POLITYKI ZAGRANICZNEJ I BEZPIECZEŃSTWA UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Plata
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Expert Sources

This paper aims to demonstrate the ineptitude of the European Union in implementing action to ensure security of the member states and, in consequence, pursuing effective foreign policy towards states which are indirectly involved in the relationships within the European region. The author argues the proposition through confrontation and interpretation of knowledge conveyed in expert sources.

scholarly journals Incidence and Case-Fatality of Stroke on the East Border of the European Union

Stroke ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2726-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey D. Kulesh ◽  
Nina A. Filina ◽  
Nataliya M. Frantava ◽  
Natallia L. Zhytko ◽  
Tatsiana M. Kastsinevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals COVID-19 Case Fatality Ratio of Latino America Countries with Temperate Climate Partially Follows European and Oceania Trends According to Seasonal Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11116-11121
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Vast Territory

The objective of our study is, therefore, to verify whether the trend of the pandemic regarding the lethality of the virus is similar in Argentina and Chile to that which emerged in the temperate countries of Europe and Oceania. The CFRs were derived from the John Hopkins University database. To check the trend of the Case Fatality Ratio and Argentina, Chile we calculated this index on the same dates in which it was calculated for comparison in European countries and in Australia and New Zealand: i.e., May 6th and from May 6th to the September 21st. We continued comparing the other countries of the southern hemisphere, recalculating the CFR as of 11th November. For comparing a period of year homogeneous, late spring, we calculate the change if CFR from 20th March to 15th April in the North Hemisphere. Our study's results seem to confirm in Latin America a possible influence of the climate and the changing of the seasons in the lethality of the virus. For the same exceptions, it is evident that the study shows that this factor is not the only one nor probably the most important. The obvious exception concerns Argentina, which does not show any summer improvement of the CFR, unfortunately; for this, nation-specific data are not available to verify if the trend is homogeneous in the different climates that the vast territory presents. Other very important factors come into play, among which the diffusivity of the virus also seems to play a role.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Cross-Border Governance since the Beginning of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Natalia Horobets ◽  
Tatiana Shaban
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Region ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Work Study ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Cross Border

European countries that are normally associated with freedom of movement have temporarily closed their internal (within the European Union) and external borders in response to the outbreak of COVID-19 starting spring 2020. Border closures have heavily impacted the whole European region, including its Eastern European neighbours. As of March, Ukraine stopped all regular passenger services, so that people were not able to leave the country by plane, train or bus. It seriously complicated routine activities of those Ukrainians who were planning to travel out of their country through Europe (and Russia) for various purposes, including work, study, and family visits.

scholarly journals Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe, 2012 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Beauté ◽  
Gianfranco Spiteri ◽  
Eva Warns-Petit ◽  
Hervé Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Since 2012, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a notifiable in the European Union. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control annually collects data from 28 countries plus Iceland and Norway, based on the EU case definition. Between 2012 and 2016, 23 countries reported 12,500 TBE cases (Ireland and Spain reported none), of which 11,623 (93.0%) were confirmed cases and 878 (7.0%) probable cases. Two countries (Czech Republic and Lithuania) accounted for 38.6% of all reported cases, although their combined population represented only 2.7% of the population under surveillance. The annual notification rate fluctuated between 0.41 cases per 100,000 population in 2015 and 0.65 in 2013 with no significant trend over the period. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia had the highest notification rates with 15.6, 9.5 and 8.7 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. At the subnational level, six regions had mean annual notification rates above 15 cases per 100,000 population, of which five were in the Baltic countries. Approximately 95% of cases were hospitalised and the overall case fatality ratio was 0.5%. Of the 11,663 cases reported with information on importation status, 156 (1.3%) were reported as imported. Less than 2% of cases had received two or more doses of TBE vaccine.

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. S1-S2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Poveda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
European Union ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gynecological Malignancies

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer, representing 5% of all cancers in women. It has the highest case-fatality rate of all gynecological malignancies. In the European Union, there are approximately 48,000 new cases of ovarian cancer and 31,000 deaths per year. Similarly, in the United States, there are approximately 25,500 new cases per year, with 16,000 deaths associated.

Developing a philosophy of foreign economic relations between the European region countries: The theoretical and methodological aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1618-1632
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
European Region ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
National Economies

Subject. This article considers the foreign economic relations between the member States of the European Union and the industry structure differences in their national economies. Objectives. The article aims to develop principles and approaches to the advancement of foreign economic relations between the European Region countries based on the research of Swedish economist G. Myrdal. Methods. For the study, I used historical, logical, and dialectical approaches, and a scientific abstraction method. Results. Based on the concept of international economic integration proposed by G. Myrdal, the article transforms the principles of economic relations between partner countries. This helps take into account the interests of peripheral countries operating in integration groups dominated by the world's vanguard countries. Conclusions. The proposed principles of foreign economic relations between the countries can help assess regional economic integration from a different perspective. These principles need to be implemented through applying a mechanism of industry cluster consolidation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document