scholarly journals Biophysical Interface of Anti-Matter for Virtual Living in Real World: A Reality in Chemical Converted in Parallel Worlds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2646-2659
Keyword(s):  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Relationship

We are going to discuss biology and the biophysical phenomenon of the anti-matters, both experimentally and theoretically or philosophically. Anti-matter is used to treat cancer and thymine dimer problems due to UV radiation. Positrons are beamed through tissue at such velocity that they do not annihilate until they encounter cancer cells. Formed gamma rays damage the cancer tissue. Nowadays, anti-matter is used in positron emission tomography (PET). In evolutionary biology, where we see evidence that consciousness has emerged in at least humans, lifeforms can self-organize to exhibit collective emergent super-consciousness. In this work, we are looking at an ontological explanation of the relationship between the results obtained with the Ecology. The proton transfer mechanism is a critical phenomenon that is related to the acid-base characteristics of the nucleobases in Watson–Crick base pairs. They exhibited a strong probability for protons to change place within the hydrogen bond due to quantum tunneling, which will alter the genetic code and cause mutations. These mutations could be the cause of several diseases such as cancer. Probably, the quantum tunneling effect (such as proton transfer) appears in micro parallel worlds.

scholarly journals Monolayer Twisted Graphene-Based Schottky Transistor

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4109
Author(s):  
Ramin Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
New Class ◽  
Metal Semiconductor Metal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Graphene Structures ◽  
Twisted Graphene ◽  
Device Technology

The outstanding properties of graphene-based components, such as twisted graphene, motivates nanoelectronic researchers to focus on their applications in device technology. Twisted graphene as a new class of graphene structures is investigated in the platform of transistor application in this research study. Therefore, its geometry effect on Schottky transistor operation is analyzed and the relationship between the diameter of twist and number of twists are explored. A metal–semiconductor–metal twisted graphene-based junction as a Schottky transistor is considered. By employing the dispersion relation and quantum tunneling the variation of transistor performance under channel length, the diameter of twisted graphene, and the number of twists deviation are studied. The results show that twisted graphene with a smaller diameter affects the efficiency of twisted graphene-based Schottky transistors. Additionally, as another main characteristic, the ID-VGS is explored, which indicates that the threshold voltage is increased by diameter and number of twists in this type of transistor.

scholarly journals Impact of gamma irradiation pretreatment on biochemical and molecular responses of potato growing under salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhamahmy Ali Mohamed ◽  
Elsadany Osama ◽  
Eid Manal ◽  
Abdelazeem Samah ◽  
Gerish Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Potato Genotype ◽  
Potato Callus ◽  
Primer Sequence ◽  
Significant Increment

Abstract Background Previous literatures revealed that gamma rays have an increasing effect on salt tolerance in different plants. In vitro experiment was conducted to study the effect of gamma rays (20 Gray) on salt tolerance of four potato cultivars (Lady Rosetta, Diamante, Gold, and Santana). Results Gamma-treated Santana plantlets were more tolerant to salinity as compared to other cultivars. It showed a significant increment of fresh weight (250% over the untreated). Gamma-treated plantlets of Lady Rosetta, Diamante, and Gold showed higher activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Isoenzymes analysis showed an absence of POD 3, 4, and 5 in Gold plantlets. The dye of most PODs and PPOs bands were denser (more active) in gamma-treated plantlets of Santana as compared to other cultivars. Both gamma-treated and untreated plantlets showed the absence of PPO1 in Lady Rosetta and Diamante, and PPO 3, 4, and 5 in Gold plantlets. Genetic marker analysis using ISSR with six different primers showed obvious unique negative and positive bands with different base pairs in mutant plantlets as compared to the control, according to primer sequence and potato genotype. The 14A primer was an efficient genetic marker between mutated and unmutated potato genotypes. Santana had a unique fingerprint in the 1430-pb site, which can be a selectable marker for the cultivar. An increment in genetic distance between Gold cultivar and others proved that the mutation was induced because of gamma rays. Conclusion We assume that irradiation of potato callus by 20-Gy gamma rays is an effective process for inducing salt resistance. However, this finding should be verified under field conditions. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals The Rubisco small subunits in the green algal genus Chloromonas provide insights into evolutionary loss of the eukaryotic carbon-concentrating organelle, the pyrenoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Matsuzaki ◽  
Shigekatsu Suzuki ◽  
Haruyo Yamaguchi ◽  
Masanobu Kawachi ◽  
Yu Kanesaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pyrenoids are protein microcompartments composed mainly of Rubisco that are localized in the chloroplasts of many photosynthetic organisms. Pyrenoids contribute to the CO2-concentrating mechanism. This organelle has been lost many times during algal/plant evolution, including with the origin of land plants. The molecular basis of the evolutionary loss of pyrenoids is a major topic in evolutionary biology. Recently, it was hypothesized that pyrenoid formation is controlled by the hydrophobicity of the two helices on the surface of the Rubisco small subunit (RBCS), but the relationship between hydrophobicity and pyrenoid loss during the evolution of closely related algal/plant lineages has not been examined. Here, we focused on, the Reticulata group of the unicellular green algal genus Chloromonas, within which pyrenoids are present in some species, although they are absent in the closely related species. Results Based on de novo transcriptome analysis and Sanger sequencing of cloned reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products, rbcS sequences were determined from 11 strains of two pyrenoid-lacking and three pyrenoid-containing species of the Reticulata group. We found that the hydrophobicity of the RBCS helices was roughly correlated with the presence or absence of pyrenoids within the Reticulata group and that a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the RBCS helices may have primarily caused pyrenoid loss during the evolution of this group. Conclusions Although we suggest that the observed correlation may only exist for the Reticulata group, this is still an interesting study that provides novel insight into a potential mechanism determining initial evolutionary steps of gain and loss of the pyrenoid.

scholarly journals The influence of demographic factors on subjective cognitive concerns and beta-amyloid

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Aghjayan ◽  
Rachel F. Buckley ◽  
Patrizia Vannini ◽  
Dorene M. Rentz ◽  
Jonathan D. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:Converging evidence suggests that subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) are associated with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to objective clinical impairment. However, the sensitivity of SCC reports in early AD may be biased by demographic factors. Here, we sought to investigate whether age, education, and sex influence the relationship between SCC and amyloid (Aβ) burden.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, we examined 252 clinically normal (CN) individuals (57.7% females) enrolled in the Harvard Aging Brain Study, ages 63–90 years (mean 73.7±6) with 6–20 years of education (mean 15.8±3). SCC was assessed as a composite score comprising three questionnaires. Cortical Aβ burden was assessed with Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography imaging. A series of linear regression models assessed the potential modifying role of demographic variables with respect to Aβ burden and SCC. A post-hoc mediation model was implemented to further understand the relationship between Aβ burden and SCC via their relationship with education.Results:Age (β = −0.84, p = 0.36) and sex (β = −0.55, p = 0.22) did not modify the relationship between SCC and Aβ burden. Fewer years of education was correlated with greater SCC (r = −0.12, p = 0.05), but the relationship between Aβ burden and SCC was stronger in those with more education (β = 1.16, p < 0.05). A partial mediation effect was found of Aβ burden on SCC via education (b = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.31, −0.02]).Conclusions:These findings suggest that the association between SCC and Aβ burden becomes stronger with greater educational attainment. Thus, SCC may be of particular importance in highly educated CN individuals harboring amyloid pathology.

Expansions and contractions of the genetic map relative to the physical map of yeast chromosome III

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
L S Symington ◽  
T D Petes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between genetic and physical chromosome maps, we constructed a diploid strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous for 12 restriction site mutations within a 23-kilobase (5-centimorgan) interval of chromosome III. Crossovers were not uniformly distributed along the chromosome, one interval containing significantly more and one interval significantly fewer crossovers than expected. One-third of these crossovers occurred within 6 kilobases of the centromere. Approximately half of the exchanges were associated with gene conversion events. The minimum length of gene conversion tracts varied from 4 base pairs to more than 12 kilobases, and these tracts were nonuniformly distributed along the chromosome. We conclude that the chromosomal sequence or structure has a dramatic effect on meiotic recombination.

Quantum tunneling effect in entanglement dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Liyun Jiang ◽  
Lifu Bao ◽  
Hao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Entanglement Dynamics

Extended Molecular Evolutionary Biology: Artificial Life Bridging the Gap Between Chemistry and Biology

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1_2) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stability Of Structures ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Variation And Selection

Molecular evolution provides an ample field for the extension of Nature's principles towards novel applications. Several examples are discussed here, among them are evolution in the test tube, nucleotide chemistry with new base pairs and new backbones, enzyme-free replication of polynucleotides and template chemistry aiming at replicating structures that have nothing in common with the molecules from nature. Molecular evolution in the test tube provides a uniquely simple system for the study of evolutionary phenomena: genotype and phenotype are two features of one and the same RNA molecule. Then fitness landscapes are nothing more than combined mappings from sequences to structures and from structures to functions, the latter being expressed in terms of rate constants. RNA landscapes are presented as examples for which an access to phenomena in reality by mathematical analysis and computer simulations is feasible. New questions concerning stability of structures in evolution can be raised and quantitative answers are given. Evolutionary biotechnology is a spin-off from molecular evolution. Darwin's principle of variation and selection is applied to design novel biopolymers with predetermined functions. Different approaches to achieve this goal are discussed and a survey of the current state of the art is given.

scholarly journals The Quest for Algerian Linguistic Independence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Bessaid
Keyword(s):  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
National Constitution ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Arabic

The paper focuses on the eternal conflict between the existing languages in Algeria as a whole, starting from Berber language varieties through Tamazight to Arabic, then French, and the struggling issue in the Algerian linguistic network. It also examines the existing relationship between the patterns of Arabic language in Algeria, since it was considered as a foreign language until 1947, chiefly through, highlighting the relationship between Classical Arabic among Algerian society, and the language policy (Arabization) pursued since wrenching independence and the linguistic repercussions of the colonization period on Algerian Arabic. In this respect, among other findings, a foremost issue raised to highlight such a critical phenomenon; and that later leads to question the different realities between the Algerian National Constitution and daily practices among users. In other words, the new generation speakers face a natural barrier communicating with post-independence schooled generation. In this sense, the former represents the 'Arabization' policy pursued in Algeria; whereas, the latter is 'francophone,' considering the linguistic as well as the sociolinguistic repercussions that might outcome such contact in a country famed by the use of French among its diplomats as a language of instruction and discourse, whether as a formal discourse or informal speech. The research methodology is based on early retrospect works to denote such cross- conflicting status raised as a significant issue. Finally, the study recommended a siné- qua- non question which is, when will Algerians put an end to the different linguistic situations inherited after gaining their political independence in 1962?

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