scholarly journals Post-operative Analgesic Use and Analysis of Related Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3449-3458
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analgesic Use

Pain is a problem that humanity has experienced since its existence and is still seeking a solution. Despite all the advances in pharmacology and technology in recent years, surgical pain remains a serious problem. This study was carried out to determine the analgesic use status and related factors according to the patients' pain levels after surgery. The study consisted of 188 patients hospitalized for surgical intervention in a private hospital operating in the province of Istanbul between 01.01.2019 and 31.12.2019 and followed up on analgesic use in the clinic for 3 days after the surgical intervention. Surgical pain averages of the patients who underwent surgery were compared according to the patient’s descriptive characteristics regarding the day of the surgery. According to this comparison, it was found that the type of surgical intervention and the character of the pain affects the incidence of pain score on the first day of surgery. It was determined that on the 1st day after surgery, gender, age, alcohol use affected the incidence of pain, and on the 2nd day, there was a significant difference between the pain averages of alcohol substance use and anesthesia type. It was determined that the rate of patient-controlled analgesia use was 42% on the day of surgery, 14.4% on the 1st day, and 7.4% on the 2nd day. It was determined that the mean pain score did not differ between patients who received and did not receive patient-controlled analgesia on the 1st and 2nd days after surgery. As a result, it was determined that the frequency of experiencing surgical pain was high despite the development in pharmacological treatments and evidence-based non-pharmacological methods. Nurses play a very important role in providing painlessness and comfort with the adequate use of analgesic drugs. It is thought that nurses and doctors must plan pain before surgery, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patients, for the adequate use of analgesics after surgery. For these plans, it is recommended to increase awareness by following up-to-date information on pain treatment.

Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javad vatani ◽  
Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽  
mohammad khandan ◽  
Mohsen aminizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

Evaluation of Postoperative Pain after Sinonasal Surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Wise ◽  
Justin C. Wise ◽  
John M. DelGaudio
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Analgesic Use

Background Pain after sinonasal surgery concerns both patients and surgeons. Factors affecting sinonasal postoperative pain have not been examined extensively. Methods Using a prospective survey design, sinonasal surgery patients evaluated postoperative pain (on a scale of 0–10), pain location, and medication use. Results One hundred twenty-seven patients consented to participate. One hundred fifteen patients returned surveys, with 100 patients appropriate for analysis over the 6-day postoperative period. Pain score and medication use were evaluated with respect to sex, primary/revision case, nasal packing, and other factors. Repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square analysis were conducted (p < 0.05). Pain ratings and analgesic use declined significantly over the postoperative period (p < 0.05). Mean pain score on postoperative day (POD) 1 was 3.61 and on POD 6 was 1.72. Mean medication use was 1.37 tablets on POD 1 and 0.55 tablets on POD 6. Additionally, a significant interaction existed, such that narcotic medication use declined from 1.91 tablets on POD 1 to 0.52 tablets on POD 6, whereas nonnarcotic medication use remained steady (p < 0.05). Periorbital pain was most frequent (46.3%), with unilateral facial pain reported least (4.1%). A significant difference existed for distribution of pain location (p < 0.05). Finally, the difference in pain rating between primary and revision procedure for women (0.65) was less than for men (1.12); this interaction was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Multiple patient and operative factors affect pain rating and medication use after sinonasal surgery. Generally, pain level should be low with little analgesic use postoperatively.

scholarly journals The course and predictors of perceived unsupportive responses by family and friends among women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L Manne ◽  
Deborah A Kashy ◽  
David W Kissane ◽  
Melissa Ozga ◽  
Shannon Myers Virtue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Usual Care ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Perceived unsupportive responses from close others play an important role in psychological adaptation of patients with cancer. Little is known about whether these negative responses change after someone experiences a serious life event, and even less is known about the individual characteristics and related factors that might contribute to both the levels of and changes in perceived unsupportive responses over the course of adaptation to an experience. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate changes in perceived unsupportive behavior from family and friends among women newly with gynecologic cancer as well as initial demographic, disease, and psychological factors that predict the course of perceived unsupportive behavior over time. Women (N = 125) assigned to the usual care arm of a randomized clinical trial comparing a coping and communication intervention with a supportive counseling intervention to usual care completed six surveys over an 18 month period. Growth models using multilevel modeling were used to predict unsupportive responses over time. Average levels of perceived unsupportive responses from family and friends were low. Unsupportive responses varied from patient to patient, but patients did not report a systematic change in perceived unsupportive responses over time. Cultivating meaning and peace and coping efficacy were associated with fewer perceived unsupportive responses as well as reductions in perceived unsupportive responses over time. Emotional distress, cancer concerns, functional impairment, holding back sharing concerns, and cognitive and behavioral avoidance predicted higher perceived unsupportive responses over time. The findings are discussed in terms of the self-presentation theory and social network responses to persons undergoing difficult life events.

The relationship between patient factors and the refusal of analgesics in adult Emergency Department patients with extremity injuries, a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Milan L. Ridderikhof ◽  
Donica V. Lodder ◽  
Susan Van Dieren ◽  
Philipp Lirk ◽  
Helma Goddijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Patient Beliefs ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious studies have described the phenomenon of oligo-analgesia in Emergency Department patients with traumatic injuries, despite the high prevalence of pain among these patients. Besides aspects related to health care staff, patient related factors might also play a role in suboptimal pain treatment, however evidence is scarce. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate patient related factors in adult patients refusing offered analgesics during an Emergency Department presentation with extremity injuries.MethodsThis was a case control study in the Emergency Department of a level 1 Trauma Centre. Cases were defined as adult patients with an extremity injury who declined analgesia, when offered. They were matched to controls from the same population, who accepted analgesics, in a 1:2 ratio using gender as matching variable. Primary outcome was difference in NRS pain score. Secondary outcomes were the relationship between categorical severity of pain scores and refusal of analgesics, exploration of independent predictors of analgesia refusal utilizing multivariate logistic regression and the evaluation of eight beliefs among patients who refuse analgesics.ResultsBetween August 1st and 31st 2016, a total of 253 patients were eligible for inclusion of whom 55 declined analgesic treatment. They were included as cases and matched to 110 controls. Difference in median NRS pain score was significant between the groups: 5.0 (IQR 3.0–8.0) vs. 8.0 (IQR 6.0–9.0), respectively (p < 0.01). Nearly 20% of patients with severe pain declined analgesics, compared to 41% with moderate and 69% with mild pain (p < 0.01). The NRS pain score was the only independent predictor of refusal of analgesic treatment with a mean Odds Ratio of 0.67 (95%-CI 0.54–0.83). Most common patients’ beliefs were that pain medication should be used in extreme pain only, fear of decreasing the doctor’s ability to judge the injury and fear of addiction to analgesics.ConclusionsPain severity is the single independent predictor of refusal of analgesia, however the following patient beliefs are important as well: pain medication should be used in extreme pain only; fear of decreasing the doctor’s ability to judge the injury and the fear of becoming addicted to pain medication.ImplicationsIn case patients refuse offered analgesics, the health care provider should actively address patient beliefs that might exist and lead to suboptimal pain treatment.

ON ESTIMATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR ON DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION AND DEFECTOMETRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
V. G. Badalyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Based on the analysis of the results of ultrasonic testing, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the human factor on the PoD curves built for independent inspectors, several (different) flaw detection techniques was obtained. It is shown that the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws, which determines the value of the correction coefficient equal to 0.015 for flaws with a height of 4 to 12 mm (for the defectometry technique) and 0.18 for flaws with a height of 5 to 12 mm (for flaw detection techniques). For flaws less, than 4 mm in height, the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws for individual inspectors depends significantly on the height of the flaw. A significant difference in the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws and the standard deviation during inspection by flaw detection and defectometry techniques is associated with the difference in the amount of information provided by the inspection techniques and the individual characteristics of the inspectors.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Host-Related Factors on Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Necrotic Teeth Dressed with Interappointment Intracanal Medicaments: A Multicomparison Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Juzer Shabbir ◽  
Zohaib Khurshid ◽  
Fazal Qazi ◽  
Huma Sarwar ◽  
Hasan Afaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Investigator ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Periapical Periodontitis

Abstract Objectives The current study aimed to assess the impact of factors such as age, gender, and the tooth type on postoperative endodontic pain in necrotic teeth with symptomatic periapical periodontitis and radiolucency dressed randomly with either calcium hydroxide or propolis paste. Materials and Methods The standard chemomechanical root canal preparation of 80 teeth was performed by the primary investigator. The intracanal medicaments were inserted by the secondary operator. Patients self-recorded their postoperative endodontic pain intensity with the help of visual analog scale at 4, 12, 24 (day 2), 48 (day 3), and 72 (day 4) hours. During analysis, patients (68/80) were grouped according to gender, age, and the tooth type. Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney’s U test was applied for mean pain score comparison between genders and between tooth type. Kruskal–Wallis’ test was applied for mean pain score comparison between the age groups. Results No significant difference (p > 0.05) in pain scores was found between the age groups and between the tooth types. Males had significantly higher pain scores as compared with females at days 2 (p = 0.035), 3 (p = 0.023), and 4 (p = 0.020). Conclusion The results suggested that there was no impact of age and tooth types on postoperative endodontic pain.

scholarly journals Parent-child relations in families that bring up down syndrome children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
O. Suhonos
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group 1

Down syndrome children need special attention. As long as the illness is often accompanied by mental disorders, there should be an individual approach to child in upbringing and education. This compels parents to adjust their rhythm of life in accordance with child's needs. Difficulties in raising a child with special needs can lead to a deterioration in the attitude of parents towards the child. This comes out in the behavior of parents and leaves an imprint on the psychological state of the child, his character and subsequent life. Materials and methods: 97 Down syndrome children were examined. All patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients' parents gave informed consent to the participation in the study. Down syndrome in children has been genetically verified. Patients were divided into two groups according to the criterion of ability to verbal communication: group 1 (G1) included 77 children capable of verbal communication, group 2 (G2) – 20 children who did not speak. Individualization in the most of both groups respondents was at an average level, which indicated sufficient parents’ acceptance of the individual characteristics of the child, sufficient attention to his interests, satisfaction with the time spent together. Cooperation did not show statistically significant differences in G1 and G2. The average score on this indicator did not differ in both groups (6.87±1.13 for G1, 6.75±1.10 for G2). Statistically significant difference between G1 and G2 was found in symbiosis (4.25±1.43 points against 5.10±1.55 points, respectively). Authoritarianism in G1 was 3.27±1.26 points, in G2 – 4.05±1.60 points, which corresponds to the average level of severity and means achieving a balance between giving the child freedom of action and the establishment of restrictions. Disability in G1 and G2 was 2.43±1.40 and 2.90±1.77, respectively, which corresponds to a low level of its severity: parents of Down syndrome children are generally not inclined to increase the defects of their children, regardless of their language skills.

scholarly journals Multiple Primary Acral Lentiginous Melanomas (MPALM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-806
Author(s):  
Miriam González ◽  
Georgi Tchernev ◽  
Anastasiya Atanasova–Chokoeva ◽  
Katlein França ◽  
Torello Lotti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
The Individual

We present a rare case of a patient with multiple primary acral lentiginous melanomas of the foot. We would like to highlight the importance of whole-skin examination in all patients, even by the general practitioners, aiming the maximal early detection of acral lentiginous melanomas, considering their rapid progression, early metastatic spread and extremely poor prognosis. It can be extrapolated from current literature; however, that appropriate management of these patients, including staging work and surgical intervention, is to be determined by the individual characteristics of the melanoma and the patient's concomitant risk factors, if any.

scholarly journals Aggression During Playful and Athletic Activity in the Greek Primary School

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 419-437
Author(s):  
Harilaos Zaragas ◽  
Koutras Vasilios ◽  
Sakellariou Maria ◽  
Kalliaras Lambros
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping ◽  
School Yard

The purpose of this pan- Hellenic research was to study the aggressive behavior of students during sports activities and play in the school yard. Specifically, through the answers of 562 (100%) teachers (396 teachers 70% and 166 physical education 30%) the following were investigated: a) the existence and forms, the individual characteristics of children who receive or show aggression, the training of teachers and coping practices that help minimize forms of aggression, and b) differences in teachers' responses to gender, years of service, and specialization. A relevant questionnaire with a five-point scale was prepared and distributed electronically to all primary schools in Greece.  Before descriptive and inductive statistics, the a-Cronbach test had showed a value of 0.898 and the control of bifurcation (Guttman) had showed a value of 0,789 which indicates that the questionnaire has good reliability.   They were carried out the t-test control for independent samples, ANOVA and x2 control for the differences in the teachers’ answers regarding teachers’ gender, specialty, and years of service. The results showed that all teachers agree that there are forms of aggression during play and sports activity in the elementary school yard and these are distinguished into physical (pushing, kicking, pulling), verbal (swearing, mocking performance), emotional (social exclusion) and some are repetitive and deliberate. We have a significant difference between the teachers in terms of the methods they suggest and the actions they take to deal with the phenomenon. The teachers have done relevant training but this is not enough. They need even more to deal with the phenomenon on their part more effectively.

Postoperative sore throat in patients undergone head and neck surgeries under endotracheal intubation and laryngeal mask anaesthesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Edakkattil Rameshkumar ◽  
Prathibha Ajayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Postoperative Sore Throat ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complaint among the subjects undergoing head and neck surgeries. Orotracheal intubation with the endotracheal tube (ETT) and laryngeal mask (LM) was used for anaesthesia.  This study was aimed to analyze the effect of variation in cuff pressure and size of ETT and LM mask anaesthesia on post-surgical pain.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients (ages of 10-79) who underwent head and neck surgeries by ETT intubation and LM anaesthesia were included in the study. The pain was measured as pain score during different cuff pressure and size of tube or mask and data was statistically analyzed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 100 subjects of each group and both genders were included in the prospective study. No statistically significant difference could be observed among the number of cases in both groups. Among the patients, females were dominant (p = 0.405). The intensity of pain was gradually decreased during the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> post surgical days in both groups. The frequency of patients with pain in the LMA group was less than that of ETT group on the 1<sup>st</sup> day. No correlation between the pain score and cuff pressure or size of ETT and LMA could be evidenced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The postoperative sore throat can be effectively reduced by LMA. The pain score and frequency of patients with pain in the LMA group was less than that of ETT group. No correlation of pain score with different cuff pressure and size of tube or mask could be evidenced. </p>

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