scholarly journals Assessment of pollution of environmental objects at the places of solid household waste landfills

2018 ◽  
Vol 82-83 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
L.I. Povyakel ◽  
L.М. Smerdova ◽  
S.V. Snoz ◽  
V.Ye. Krivenchuk ◽  
A.H. Kudriavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Eu Directive

Recently, the problem of environmental safety through the formation of large volumes of waste has become of particular importance. Activities in the field of production and consumption waste management are one of the most environmentally hazardous and cause significant anthropogenic action due to the risk of adverse effects of hazardous chemical and biological compounds — the constituents of waste products for human health and environment. Any waste, especially in violation of the rules of handling may become environmentally hazardous at certain conditions. Objective. To determine the influence of solid household waste landfills in the Region of Kyiv on adjacent environmental objects (atmospheric air, soil, soil and surface waters). Methods. Sanitary chemical, organoleptic, physical and chemical. Results. The results of experimental studies of the environmental objects at the places of solid household waste landfills suggest the pollution of atmospheric air with formaldehyde, surface and ground waters, soils with hazardous chemical compounds — petroleum products, phenol, heavy metals, ammonium nitrogen, nitrates. Conclusion. Obtained experimental data indicate the discrepancy of the data of solid household waste landfills with regulatory documents regulating the arrangement and functioning of such landfills, and their operation takes place with violation of environmental requirements. Key words: solid household waste landfills, EU Directive, Ukrainian legislation, heavy metals.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF HERBICIDE OF DERIVATIVE ARYL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE SYSTEM OF SOIL-AIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
T. A. Sinitskaya ◽  
Irina P. Gromova ◽  
L. V. Goryacheva ◽  
N. N. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Atmospheric Flows ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Air Index ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Introduction. The main source of pesticides entrance to the air is the treatment of crops, seeds, forest areas, and other environmental objects. Pesticides enter the air with the soil dust during wind erosion and harvesting operations. A significant number of them enter atmospheric dust areas, where the intensive chemical treatment is practiced. In most of the cases, the system of soil-atmospheric air is the first link, by which pesticides are entered, as a result of the first demolition of preparations during their application, as well as a result of processes of vaporation and evaporation from the surface of the soil, plants, water basins, etc. Along with atmospheric flows, contained in the air, the pesticides can be transported for long distances.The aim of this research is the obtaining of the reasonable threshold concentration of the pesticide in the soil by this index of hazard. By the threshold, concentration is implied the amount of pesticide in the soil (mg/kg of the absolutely dry soil), where the entrance the compounds into the atmospheric air is not accompanied by the increase of its average daily maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Material and methods. In the tasks of the experimental studies, the results of which are introduced in the article there were included the investigations of the migration-air index of harm, rated to the active substance of the pesticide referred to the derivatives of aryloxychromones acids. A migration-air index of the hazard characterizes migration processes (with soil dust, evaporation, co-evaporation with water vapors, etc.) of pesticide from the soil to atmospheric air. Results. The resulting value is necessary for the subsequent selection of limiting index of hazard, considering all the indices (translocation, migration, and water, sanitary), determining the MPC pesticide in the soil. The studies were carried out in standard conditions and, therefore, comparable soil and microclimate conditions using a special microclimate chamber. The method of laboratory modeling is a required step in the normalization of pesticides in the soil.

scholarly journals Smoking as a Socio-Ecological Problem of Mankind

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Paper

The problem of smoking is almost the most common among human addictions, which is very difficult to give up. A person spends a lot of his life neglecting his health to buy cigarettes and get temporary pleasure. The issue of quality and environmental safety of cigarette components – tobacco, tissue paper and filters worries both cigarette consumers and environmentalists, doctors and others. specialists. Of course, the use of low-quality product from cigarette manufacturers harms not only the human body but also the environment. Purpose. Determine the quality and environmental safety (presence of concentrations of heavy metals) of tobacco, cigarette paper and cigarette filters of domestic and foreign brands. Methods. Methods of atomic absorption spectrometry using the atomic absorption spectrometer MGA 915 MD. Results. Experimental studies by atomic absorption analysis on the concentrations of heavy metals in tobacco, cigarette filters and paper showed the presence of heavy metals: Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb. Studies of various tobacco brands have found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were in the tobacco of the cheapest cigarettes (up to 150 mg / kg), in cigarette paper found only Mn, Zn., When comparing the content of the most toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb in the cigarettes "Parliament" and "Kyiv" and "LM" it was determined that in the tobacco of "Parliament" cigarettes HM concentrations are 7–10 times lower.. Conclusions. There is a tendency to decrease the concentration of heavy metals in the components of cigarettes depending on the price category of the tobacco product. Thus, for the most part, the components of cigarettes of domestic brands have tens of times higher concentrations of heavy metals than cigarettes of the American manufacturer.

scholarly journals CaRBoKem: A Biofilter to Treat Heavy Metals by using the Household Waste Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Maria Sajeev ◽  
Uma Krishnakumar ◽  
Merrin John ◽  
Amal Raj ◽  
Hanna Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Industry Waste

Abstract Environmental toxic waste from heavy metals along with minerals within the waste matter is one of the most significant issue in an Asian country. The activities like industrial operations particularly mining, agricultural processes and disposal of industry waste materials; their concentration has redoubled to hazardous levels. Major metals in industrial sewage represent Cu, Cr3+and Pb etc. So far, varieties of inexpensive strategies are reviewed for the removal of these metals. The various processes include chemical precipitation, reverse diffusion, electro qualitative analysis, nanofiltration and floatation. But these strategies have many disadvantages like high chemical agent demand, unpredictable metal particle elimination, and production of unhealthful sludge. Surface absorption method being terribly straightforward, economical, effective and versatile has become the most popular strategies for removal of unhealthful contaminants from waste matter. This paper gives a new idea for the utilization of natural materials as adsorbents for significant metal removal from industrial waste water. The components used are mustard plant roots, human hair and some common house hold waste products such as, egg shell and coconut shell. Utilizing their adsorbent properties in an efficient way, it can be used to filter industrial heavy metals which cause pollution.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF THE FILTRATE FORMED AFTER TERMINATION OF THE OPERATION OF THE LANDFILL

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
N. Grynchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Central City ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Environmental Measures

The hazardous factors influencing the disposal of solid household waste on the components of the environment belongs to the filtrate, the formation of which does not stop after the cessation of the operation of landfills. To solve the problem of environmental hazard of the filtrate can be done through the implementation of phased environmental measures. Priority measures include the arrangement of a system for collecting and removing filtrate from the landfill body. The main environmental measures are to clean the removed filtrate. The research of the properties of the filtrate of each individual landfill is necessary to justify the choice of the most effective methods of cleaning it. The purpose of the work was to study the properties of the filtrate, which continues to be formed after the cessation of the operation of the landfill of municipal solid waste in the city of Lviv. It is established that the studied filtrate is a solution with a high concentration of chemical compounds. For most indicators of filtrate is characterized by seasonal dynamics. After the warm season, the COD and BOD5 in the filtrate is increases the concentration of chloride anions, ammonium nitrogen, total iron increases; decreases the content of nitrates, nitrites and petroleum products. The indicators of filtrate, which do not change during the seasons, include the content of sulphates, phosphates and heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc). The filtrate, which continues to be formed at the municipal solid waste landfill, tends to reduce the content of heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead), ammonium nitrogen, chlorides and COD and an increase in the content of anions (phosphates, sulfates, nitrites, nitrates), oil products and BOD5. The studied filtrate does not meet the requirements for the composition and properties of wastewater discharged in-to the central city system for the content of chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen, lead, zinc, total iron. The filtrate can be discharged into the wastewater system only after pretreatment using methods that ensure that the filtrate indicators comply with the permissible values of indicators in the wastewater sample, the established re-quirements for the composition and properties of wastewater discharged into the wastewater system.

ON THE ISSUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF THE URBAN AGGLOMERATION OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Анатольевна Чанчаева ◽  
Виталий Сергеевич Лапин ◽  
Ольга Викторовна Кузнецова ◽  
Татьяна Калауиденовна Куриленко ◽  
Сергей Сергеевич Сидоров
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Animal Hair

Оценивали степень накопления тяжелых металлов в волосах домашних животных ( Canis lupus familiaris ) уличного содержания в условиях г. Горно-Алтайска. Оценку металлов (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn) в волосах животных проводили атомно-абсорбционным методом. Установили, что концентрация Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn не превышает допустимые показатели. У большей части животных содержание Cd в волосах в 3.4 раза выше нормированного значения. The degree of accumulation of heavy metals in the hair of domestic animals ( Canis lupus familiaris ) of street care in Gorno-Altaisk was assessed. The content of metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn) in animal hair was evaluated by atomic absorption method. It was found that the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn does not exceed acceptable values. In most animals, the Cd content in the hair is 3.4 times higher than the limit value.

scholarly journals Study of environmental safety of construction ceramics produced using anthropogenic waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Pavlycheva ◽  
Evgeniy Pikalov ◽  
Oleg Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Research Results

The study presents the research results confirming environmental safety of the ceramic material used for construction purposes, produced basing on low-plasticity clay from the Vladimir region with the introduction of 2.5 wt. % boric acid, 5 wt. % of electroplating sludge and 30 wt. % of cullet. The material environmental safety has been previously confirmed by Daphnia mortality method in diurnal water extracts from the chipped ceramic material samples, including possible mechanical damage and deterioration during the operation. The experimental studies embraced the determination of heavy metal ions concentration in diurnal extracts from the chipped ceramic material samples in neutral and acidic media. Additional studies dealing with the heavy metals migration into the extracts were carried out in static mode during 20 days. The research results confirm the environmental safety of ceramic material in neutral and acidic media during the heavy metals immobilization, caused by ceramics self-glazing and vitrification. The research results proved that the production of the developed material will expand the regional raw material base, will contribute to the utilization of large-capacity and toxic waste with simultaneous manufacturing of high-quality and environmentally friendly construction products for new buildings construction or existing buildings and structures reconstruction.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of the properties of metal dust

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Dikova ◽  
Natalya S. Samarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Metal Dust

Introduction. The issues of ensuring the environmental safety of metalworking industries are still very relevant. Moreover, the primary role in these issues is played by the protection of atmospheric air from the emissions of industrial enterprises in this industry. For the successful implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the environmental safety of atmospheric air, it is important to study in detail the composition and properties of the emission components. Problem Statement. The aim of the study is to analyze the entire range of modern methods for measuring the parameters of the properties of metal dust, as the main component of emissions from metalworking industries; to select the method of experimental research; to conduct a dispersion analysis of metal dust particles. Theoretical Part. As a rule, the productivity of experimental studies of the parameters of the properties of pollutants largely depends on the methods that were used in the performance of the work. To solve these problems, the authors have analyzed modern methods for measuring the parameters of the properties of metal dust. The choice is made according to the basic principles: relativity, relevance, completeness, labor intensity. The conditions for the final results of the research, their accuracy and reliability, the conditions for the terms, resources, technical means of research used, and the positive and negative aspects of each of the methods under consideration are also taken into account. Conclusion. The article presents the result of the choice of the research method and the results of experimental studies of the properties of metal dust.

scholarly journals CaRBoKem: A Biofilter to Treat Heavy Metals by using the Household Waste Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Maria Sajeev ◽  
Uma Krishnakumar ◽  
Merrin John ◽  
Amal Raj ◽  
Hanna Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Coconut Shells

Abstract Environmental toxic waste from heavy metals along with minerals within the waste matter is one of the most significant issues in an Asian country. The activities like industrial operations particularly mining, agricultural processes, and disposal of industrial waste materials; their concentration has redoubled to hazardous levels. Major metals in industrial sewage represent Cu, Cr3+and Pb, etc. So far, varieties of inexpensive strategies are reviewed for the removal of these metals. The various processes include chemical precipitation, reverse diffusion, electro qualitative analysis, nanofiltration, and floatation. But these strategies have many disadvantages like high chemical agent demand, unpredictable metal particle elimination, and production of unhealthful sludge. Surface absorption method being terribly straightforward, economical, effective, and versatile has become the most popular strategies for removal of unhealthful contaminants from waste matter. This paper gives a new idea for the utilization of natural materials as adsorbents for significant metal removal from industrial wastewater. The components used are mustard plant roots, human hair, and some common household waste products such as eggshells and coconut shells. Efficiently utilizing their adsorbent properties, it can be used to filter industrial heavy metals that cause pollution.

scholarly journals Dynamics of migration property of some heavy metals in soils in Kharkiv region under the influence of the pyrogenic factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Buts ◽  
V. Asotskyi ◽  
O. Kraynyuk ◽  
R. Ponomarenko ◽  
P. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Capacity

In soils after fires trace metals sharply change their migration ability and can form poorly-soluble hydroxides which are hazardous chemical formations, the nature of which has not been fully explored until now. In addition, in interstitial water, there is a probability of the formation by metals of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions. We studied the range of dynamics of migration capacity of sedimentation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes by developing logarithmic concentration diagrams (LCD). We developed logarithmic concentration diagrams, the equation of formation of prevailing forms, using which it is possible to clearly determine the regions of maximum sedimentation (accumulation) of hydroxides and hydroxocomplexes of heavy metals after the influence of the pyrogenic factor. The obtained calculations of the results of the predictive modeling of the dynamics of migration capacity and postpyrogenic migration geochemical processes in ecogeosystems have been organized and systematized. The determined patterns can be useful for the analysis of possible geochemical migration (accumulation) of heavy metals in ecological systems in the study of technogenic and ecological situation after fires. Based on the calculations made, mathematical models of heavy metals` behaviour are developed, which are useful for drawing up a forecast estimation of the dynamics of their geochemical migration and accumulation in ecological systems as a result of the influence of the technogenic loading of the pyrogenic factor. The conditions of concentration and migration of compounds of heavy metals were determined, and the equation for calculating the concentration of mobile forms of trace metal compounds has been developed. The developed map of the activity of geochemical migration of heavy metals under the influence of the technogenic loading of pyrogenic factor will make it possible to elaborate the migratory capacity of trace metals and provide a forecast of their behaviour in ecological systems after fires. This will allow preventive measures to be taken to ensure environmental safety and prevent adverse effects on human health and the condition of the components of the environment. The creation of similar cartographic material may be extrapolated to other regions of Ukraine, affected by technogenic loading of pyrogenic factor. The development of logarithmic concentration diagrams allows us to predict the capacity of compounds of lead, nickel, chromium,and copper for migration or accumulation of heavy metals due to changes in the acidity of soils under the influence of the pyrogenic factor. Having used the map of the soils of the Kharkiv region, we analyzed and provided a forecast of the migration ability of lead compounds in cases of fire in different types and subtypes of different environmental conditions.

Data analysis of social hygiene monitoring in russian regions determining environmental and hygienic safety for population

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Klepikov ◽  
S. Eprintsev ◽  
S. Shekoyan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Center

Data of the Federal Information Fund for Social Hygiene Monitoring conducted on the basis of the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor have been analyzed to assess environmental risks, as well as to develop environmental safety system as a factor for sustainable development of the territory in the regions of the Russian Federation. Atmospheric air pollution in Russian regions was evaluated by content of priority pollutants. Ranking of Russian regions according to the quality of drinking water supply was carried out. The possibility of using Federal Information Fund for Social Hygiene Monitoring as an integral part of the model for optimizing the social and environmental conditions of populated areas is estimated.

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