scholarly journals Dynamics of migration property of some heavy metals in soils in Kharkiv region under the influence of the pyrogenic factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Buts ◽  
V. Asotskyi ◽  
O. Kraynyuk ◽  
R. Ponomarenko ◽  
P. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Capacity

In soils after fires trace metals sharply change their migration ability and can form poorly-soluble hydroxides which are hazardous chemical formations, the nature of which has not been fully explored until now. In addition, in interstitial water, there is a probability of the formation by metals of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions. We studied the range of dynamics of migration capacity of sedimentation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes by developing logarithmic concentration diagrams (LCD). We developed logarithmic concentration diagrams, the equation of formation of prevailing forms, using which it is possible to clearly determine the regions of maximum sedimentation (accumulation) of hydroxides and hydroxocomplexes of heavy metals after the influence of the pyrogenic factor. The obtained calculations of the results of the predictive modeling of the dynamics of migration capacity and postpyrogenic migration geochemical processes in ecogeosystems have been organized and systematized. The determined patterns can be useful for the analysis of possible geochemical migration (accumulation) of heavy metals in ecological systems in the study of technogenic and ecological situation after fires. Based on the calculations made, mathematical models of heavy metals` behaviour are developed, which are useful for drawing up a forecast estimation of the dynamics of their geochemical migration and accumulation in ecological systems as a result of the influence of the technogenic loading of the pyrogenic factor. The conditions of concentration and migration of compounds of heavy metals were determined, and the equation for calculating the concentration of mobile forms of trace metal compounds has been developed. The developed map of the activity of geochemical migration of heavy metals under the influence of the technogenic loading of pyrogenic factor will make it possible to elaborate the migratory capacity of trace metals and provide a forecast of their behaviour in ecological systems after fires. This will allow preventive measures to be taken to ensure environmental safety and prevent adverse effects on human health and the condition of the components of the environment. The creation of similar cartographic material may be extrapolated to other regions of Ukraine, affected by technogenic loading of pyrogenic factor. The development of logarithmic concentration diagrams allows us to predict the capacity of compounds of lead, nickel, chromium,and copper for migration or accumulation of heavy metals due to changes in the acidity of soils under the influence of the pyrogenic factor. Having used the map of the soils of the Kharkiv region, we analyzed and provided a forecast of the migration ability of lead compounds in cases of fire in different types and subtypes of different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Pyrogenic Influence n Geochemistry Migration Ability of Heavy Metal

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Migration Capacity

Purpose. Investigation of dynamics of geochemical migration ability of heavy metals as a result of the effect of man-made loading of pyrogenic origin. Methods. Analytical: atomic absorption analysis, pH-metric; the range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams (CRLs). Results. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behavior of chemical elements in environmental components after the fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. Analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of incidents, which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of the technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals takes place. Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic _____________________________________________________ © Буц Ю. В., Крайнюк О. В., Барбашин В. В., Кобзін В. Г. , 2018 environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0,5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude, which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with their migration capacity insignificant, which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil . In a separate group it is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn). Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. Conclusions. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils after the man-made consequences of emergencies of pyrogenic origin.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Ensuring Environmental Safety of Ecosystem Restoration After Fire

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Adsorption Analysis ◽  
Characteristic Features

Purpose. To find ways to improve the soil properties of forest ecosystems after the action of the pyrogen- ic factor: to propose technological measures to restore the quality and improve the soil properties of the ecosystem; to prove the effectiveness of using clay in soil cleaning as a sorbent. Methods. The introduction of clay as a potential sorbent for cleaning fertile soils from trace metals is proposed. The mineral composition of the clay was determined by X-ray phase analysis. Clay materials can be successfully used in adsorption cleaning technologies. The method of phytoremediation with the help of dandelion to concentrate trace metal was used also. The concentration of trace metal was determined by atomic adsorption analysis. Results. The task of the experimental study was to substantiate the possibility of using cheap natural clay raw materials without its prior activation to remove trace metals from the soil solution. In the case of post-pyrogenic relaxation of ecosystems under conditions of man-caused load, the soil in the restored area may be contaminated with VM and other hazardous substances. The clay of the Kharkiv region was chosen for the experiment. The experiment proved the effectiveness of the use of clay in soil purification as a sorbent, and phytoremediation of dandelion in relation to heavy metals. Thus, both technical and biological methods of VM sorption to prepare the soil for planting can be recommended for the restoration of the forest ecosystem after a fire. The proposed technological measures to restore the quality and soil properties of the ecosystem include the implementation of design and survey work, including field research; implementation of the state ecological research (monitoring); cleaning the affected area from damaged trees; reclamation of soil fertility of regenerative territories, provided by design of restoration, depending on characteristic features of damages of sites and the subsequent application of regenerative territories. Conclusions. At postpyrogenic relaxation of ecosystems, in the conditions of technogenic loading, the efficiency of using clay in soil cleaning as a sorbent and phytoremediation with dandelion in relation to heavy metals has been proved.

scholarly journals Assessment of pollution of environmental objects at the places of solid household waste landfills

2018 ◽  
Vol 82-83 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
L.I. Povyakel ◽  
L.М. Smerdova ◽  
S.V. Snoz ◽  
V.Ye. Krivenchuk ◽  
A.H. Kudriavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Eu Directive

Recently, the problem of environmental safety through the formation of large volumes of waste has become of particular importance. Activities in the field of production and consumption waste management are one of the most environmentally hazardous and cause significant anthropogenic action due to the risk of adverse effects of hazardous chemical and biological compounds — the constituents of waste products for human health and environment. Any waste, especially in violation of the rules of handling may become environmentally hazardous at certain conditions. Objective. To determine the influence of solid household waste landfills in the Region of Kyiv on adjacent environmental objects (atmospheric air, soil, soil and surface waters). Methods. Sanitary chemical, organoleptic, physical and chemical. Results. The results of experimental studies of the environmental objects at the places of solid household waste landfills suggest the pollution of atmospheric air with formaldehyde, surface and ground waters, soils with hazardous chemical compounds — petroleum products, phenol, heavy metals, ammonium nitrogen, nitrates. Conclusion. Obtained experimental data indicate the discrepancy of the data of solid household waste landfills with regulatory documents regulating the arrangement and functioning of such landfills, and their operation takes place with violation of environmental requirements. Key words: solid household waste landfills, EU Directive, Ukrainian legislation, heavy metals.

Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

SOX4 Serves an Oncogenic Role in the Tumourigenesis of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma by Promoting Cell Proliferation, Migration and Inhibiting Apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Junhe Zhang ◽  
Shujie Chai ◽  
Xinyu Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Apoptosis Rate ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mcf 7 ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Background: Breast cancer is among the most common malignant cancers worldwide, and breast adenocarcinoma in glandular tissue cells has excessive metastasis and invasion capability. However, little is known on the molecular process by which this disease develops and progresses. Objective: In this study, we explored the effects of sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) protein on proliferation, migration, apoptosis and tumourigenesis of breast adenocarcinoma and its possible mechanisms. Methods: The SOX4 overexpression or knockdown Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell lines were established. Among the SOX4 overexpression or MCF-7 knockdown cell lines, proliferation, migration ability and apoptosis rate were detected. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Cleaved caspase-3) were analysed using Western blot. The effect of SOX4 on tumourigenesis was analysed using the clone formation assay in vitro and tumour xenograft experiment in nude mice. Results: Compared with the overexpression of control cells, proliferation and migration ability of SOX4 overexpression cells significantly increased, the apoptosis rate significantly decreased in addition to the expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the knockdown of control cells, proliferation and migration ability of SOX4 knockdown cells significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased (P < 0.05). Clone formation and tumour growth abilities of SOX4 overexpression cells were significantly higher than those of the control cells (P < 0.05), whereas SOX4 knockdown cells had the opposite effect. Conclusion: SOX4 plays an oncogenic role in breast adenocarcinoma tumourigenesis by promoting cell proliferation, migration and inhibiting apoptosis. It can be used as a potential molecular target for breast cancer gene therapy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Effects of High Glucose Concentration on Pericyte-Like Differentiated Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Giuliana Mannino ◽  
Anna Longo ◽  
Florinda Gennuso ◽  
Carmelina Daniela Anfuso ◽  
Gabriella Lupo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
And Migration

A pericyte-like differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) was tested in in vitro experiments for possible therapeutic applications in cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to replace irreversibly lost pericytes. For this purpose, pericyte-like ASCs were obtained after their growth in a specific pericyte medium. They were then cultured in high glucose conditions to mimic the altered microenvironment of a diabetic eye. Several parameters were monitored, especially those particularly affected by disease progression: cell proliferation, viability and migration ability; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; inflammation-related cytokines and angiogenic factors. Overall, encouraging results were obtained. In fact, even after glucose addition, ASCs pre-cultured in the pericyte medium (pmASCs) showed high proliferation rate, viability and migration ability. A considerable increase in mRNA expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was observed, associated with reduction in ROS production, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and angiogenic factors. Finally, a pmASC-induced better organization of tube-like formation by retinal endothelial cells was observed in three-dimensional co-culture. The pericyte-like ASCs obtained in these experiments represent a valuable tool for the treatment of retinal damages occurring in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Mesothelin blockage by Amatuximab suppresses cell invasiveness, enhances gemcitabine sensitivity and regulates cancer cell stemness in mesothelin-positive pancreatic cancer cells

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Matsuzawa ◽  
Hirofumi Kamachi ◽  
Tatsuzo Mizukami ◽  
Takahiro Einama ◽  
Futoshi Kawamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Invasiveness ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Capacity

Abstract Background Mesothelin is a 40-kDa glycoprotein that is highly overexpressed in various types of cancers, however molecular mechanism of mesothelin has not been well-known. Amatuximab is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1/k antibody targeting mesothelin. We recently demonstrated that the combine therapy of Amatuximab and gemcitabine was effective for peritonitis of pancreatic cancer in mouse model. Methods We discover the role and potential mechanism of mesothelin blockage by Amatuximab in human pancreatic cells both expressing high or low level of mesothelin in vitro experiment and peritonitis mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Results Mesothelin blockage by Amatuximab lead to suppression of invasiveness and migration capacity in AsPC-1 and Capan-2 (high mesothelin expression) and reduce levels of pMET expression. The combination of Amatuximab and gemcitabine suppressed proliferation of AsPC-1 and Capan-2 more strongly than gemcitabine alone. These phenomena were not observed in Panc-1 and MIA Paca-2 (Mesothelin low expression). We previously demonstrated that Amatuximab reduced the peritoneal mass in mouse AsPC-1 peritonitis model and induced sherbet-like cancer cell aggregates, which were vanished by gemcitabine. In this study, we showed that the cancer stem cell related molecule such as ALDH1, CD44, c-MET, as well as proliferation related molecules, were suppressed in sherbet-like aggregates, but once sherbet-like aggregates attached to peritoneum, they expressed these molecules strongly without the morphological changes. Conclusions Our work suggested that Amatuximab inhibits the adhesion of cancer cells to peritoneum and suppresses the stemness and viability of those, that lead to enhance the sensitivity for gemcitabine.

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