scholarly journals Impact of Rice Husk Biochar on Growth, Water Relations and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Drought Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Shashi ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses

The present experiment was conducted to study the impact of rice husk biochar on growth, water relations and yield of maize (BARI Hybrid Bhutta- 9) under drought (60 and 40% of FC) conditions. Four doses of rice husk biochar @ 0, 5, 10 and 20 t/ha were applied as an amendment in soil before sowing of seeds. Results revealed that drought stress reduced plant height, relative water content and grain yield of maize. But rice husk biochar at different doses improved the above mentioned characters under drought conditions. Under 60% of FC, the highest plan height, leaf water content and yield were 196.67 cm, 79.86% and 89.75 g/plant, respectively when biochar was applied @ 20 t/ha but it was 173.33 cm, 78.32% and 84.57 g/plant, respectively under 40% of FC when biochar was applied at the same dose. It may be concluded that, rice husk biochar @ 20 t/ha showed the best result to promote growth, water relation traits and yield of maize under drought condition. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 93-101

scholarly journals Isotopic and Water Relation Responses to Ozone and Water Stress in Seedlings of Three Oak Species with Different Adaptation Strategies

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Claudia Cocozza ◽  
Elena Paoletti ◽  
Tanja Mrak ◽  
Saša Zavadlav ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The Impact

The impact of global changes on forest ecosystem processes is based on the species-specific responses of trees to the combined effect of multiple stressors and the capacity of each species to acclimate and cope with the environment modification. Combined environmental constraints can severely affect plant and ecological processes involved in plant functionality. This study provides novel insights into the impact of a simultaneous pairing of abiotic stresses (i.e., water and ozone (O3) stress) on the responses of oak species. Water stress (using 40 and 100% of soil water content at field capacity—WS and WW treatments, respectively) and O3 exposure (1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 times the ambient concentration—AA, 1.2AA, and 1.4AA, respectively) were carried out on Quercus robur L., Quercus ilex L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings, to study physiological traits (1. isotope signature [δ13C, δ18O and δ15N], 2. water relation [leaf water potential, leaf water content], 3. leaf gas exchange [light-saturated net photosynthesis, Asat, and stomatal conductance, gs]) for adaptation strategies in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. Ozone decreased Asat in Q. robur and Q. pubescens while water stress decreased it in all three oak species. Ozone did not affect δ13C, whereas δ18O was influenced by O3 especially in Q. robur. This may reflect a reduction of gs with the concomitant reduction in photosynthetic capacity. However, the effect of elevated O3 on leaf gas exchange as indicated by the combined analysis of stable isotopes was much lower than that of water stress. Water stress was detectable by δ13C and by δ18O in all three oak species, while δ15N did not define plant response to stress conditions in any species. The δ13C signal was correlated to leaf water content (LWC) in Q. robur and Q. ilex, showing isohydric and anisohydric strategy, respectively, at increasing stress intensity (low value of LWC). No interactive effect of water stress and O3 exposure on the isotopic responses was found, suggesting no cross-protection on seasonal carbon assimilation independently on the species adaptation strategy.

scholarly journals Osmotic Potential, Sucrose Level, and Activity of Sucrose Metabolic Enzymes in Tall Fescue in Response to Deficit Irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmin Fu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Jack Fry
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sucrose Level

Effects of deficit irrigation applied to home lawns, used as means of water conservation, are an important issue. However, the impact of deficit irrigation on sucrose metabolism in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is unknown and important because sucrose is the dominant form of carbohydrate transported to developing plant organs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on leaf water content, osmotic potential (ψS), sucrose level, and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14), sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13), and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26) in tall fescue leaves. Sods of ‘Falcon II’ tall fescue were established in polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes (10 cm diameter × 40 cm long) filled with a mixture of sand and fritted clay [9:1 (v:v)] and then placed in growth chambers. Reference evapotranspiration rate [ETo (millimeters of water per day)] was determined by weighing the PVC tubes containing well-watered turfgrass every 3 days to determine water loss on a daily basis as ETo. Deficit irrigation treatments were applied as follows: well-watered control, mild drought stress (60% ETo), and severe drought stress (20% ETo). Leaf water content was lower at 6, 12, and 20 days of treatment for the 20% ETo treatment and 20 days after treatment began for the 60% ETo treatment. Compared with the well-watered control, ψS was lower in the 60% ETo treatment on all three measurement dates. Sucrose was higher at 8 and 14 days after treatment began in the 60% ETo treatment and on all three measurement dates in the 20% ETo treatment relative to the well-watered control. No difference in sucrose level was observed between the 20% ETo and 60% ETo irrigation regimes at 8 and 14 days of treatment. Beginning 14 days after treatment, tall fescue had a higher level of SPS in the 60% ETo and 20% ETo treatments compared with the well-watered treatment. Tall fescue receiving 60% or 20% ETo had a lower level of AI activity on all measurement dates. Results suggest that the decrease in ψS was accompanied by higher sucrose levels, which were the result of the increased level of SPS and SS activity and a decline in AI activity.

scholarly journals KADAR KLOROFIL DAN HASIL TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) SETELAH 2 TAHUN PENERAPAN BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK ORGANIK DI ENTISOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Yohanes Manggas ◽  
Widowati Widowati ◽  
Hesti Triana Soelistiari
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Planting Season

[CHLOROPHYL CONCENTRATION AND YIELD OF PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) AFTER TWO YEARS OF BIOCHAR AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN ENTISOLS]. While nitrogen is necessary throughout the growth of vegetable plants, N deficiency disrupts chlorophyll formation, and hence, affecting the photosynthesis process. This study aimed to study the impact of the use of biochar and organic fertilizers on chlorophyll content and yield of Pak coy mustard in the third planting season in Entisols. This research was conducted in Bawang Hamlet, Tunggulwulung Village, Malang City. The first and second planting seasons, were May-November 2017 and August 2018-January 2019, respectively. Research on the third planting season was carried out in July-August 2019 without nitrogen fertilization. The research was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of controls (Kl), chicken manure (A), compost (K), rice husk biochar (S), rice husk biochar + chicken manure (SA), rice husk biochar + compost (SK). The results showed that after two years of application, biochar and organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the increase in yield of Pakcoy even though fertilizer was not provided. The application of biochar and compost provided the best residual effect on the total chlorophyll of Pakcoy mustard. 

scholarly journals Benefits of Biochar Compost (BIOCHOM) to Yield Rice Productivity on Tropical Swampland, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Wahida Annisa ◽  
Evy Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
The Impact

Biochar improves soil quality physicochemical. Biochar is a soil amendment created through the burning of biomass, has a potential solution for wide-ranging environmental management problems. Biochar has been shown to have positive outcomes on soil function to sequester carbon to slow the effects of global climate change. The objective of this research was to study the impact of compost biochar in increasing rice yields in tropical swampland. The design used in this study was a randomized block design, including (1) biochom 1 (without harvest waste compost + without biochar rice husk), (2) Biochom 2 (harvest waste compost 5 t/ha), (3) biochom 3 (rice husk biochar 5 t/ha), (4) biochom 4 (a combination of harvest waste compost 2.5 t/ ha + rice husk biochar 2.5 t/ha). The results showed that application of biochom 4 (a combination of harvest waste compost 2.5 t/ha + rice husk biochar 2.5 t/ha) increased of rice yield reached 15.21% compared to biochom 2 treatment (compost harvest waste 5 t/ha) and reached 17.78% with biochom 3 treatment (rice husk biochar 5 t/ha), compost without biochar treatment.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Biochar and Chitosan on Antioxidative Capacity, Osmolytes Accumulation, and Anatomical Characters of Water-Stressed Barley Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Hafez ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
Salman Alamery ◽  
Abdelhalim Ghazy ◽  
Abdullah Al-Doss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

The impact of biochar and chitosan on barley plants under drought stress conditions was investigated during two field experiments. Our results confirmed that drought stress negatively affected morphological and physiological growth traits of barley plants such as plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll concentrations, and relative water content. However, electrolyte leakage (EL%), lipid peroxidation (MDA), soluble sugars, sucrose and starch contents significantly increased as a response to drought stress. Additionally, 1000 grain weight, grains yield ha−1 and biological yield significantly decreased in stressed barley plants, also anatomical traits such as upper epidermis, lower epidermis, lamina, and mesophyll tissue thickness as well as vascular bundle diameter of flag leaves significantly decreased compared with control. The use of biochar and chitosan led to significant increases in plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll concentrations as well as relative water content; nevertheless these treatments led to significant decreases in electrolyte leakage (EL%) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the stressed plants. Moreover, anatomical and yield characters of stressed barley plants were improved with application of biochar and chitosan. The results proved the significance of biochar and chitosan in alleviating the damaging impacts of drought on barley plants.

Water relations and yield inAzospirillum-inoculated wheat exposed to drought in the field

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia M Creus ◽  
Rolando J Sueldo ◽  
Carlos A Barassi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
And Control

There are scarce data connecting water relations in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat suffering drought during anthesis with the yield and mineral content of grains. Azospirillum brasilense Sp245-inoculated seeds of Triticum aestivum 'Pro INTA Oasis' were sown in nonirrigated and control plots. Water potential, water content, and relative water content were determined on flag leaves. Plant water status was calculated from pressure–volume curves. At maturity, grain yield and its components were determined. P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined in dried grains. Even though the cultivar underwent osmotic adjustment, significantly higher water content, relative water content, water potential, apoplastic water fraction, and lower cell wall modulus of elasticity values were obtained in Azospirillum-inoculated plants suffering drought. Grain yield loss to drought was 26.5% and 14.1% in noninoculated and Azospirillum-inoculated plants, respectively. Grain Mg and K diminished in nonirrigated, noninoculated plots. However, grains harvested from Azospirillum-inoculated plants had significantly higher Mg, K, and Ca than noninoculated plants. Neither drought nor inoculation changed grain P, Cu, Fe, and Zn contents. A better water status and an additional "elastic adjustment" in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat plants could be crucial in promoting higher grain yield and mineral quality at harvest, particularly when drought strikes during anthesis.Key words: Azospirillum, wheat, drought, pressure–volume curves, yield, mineral content.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FILM-FORMING ANTITRANSPIRANTS ON LEAF WATER RELATIONS OF BEDDING PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086e-1086
Author(s):  
Cynthia B. McKenney ◽  
Marihelen Kamp-Glass
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relative Water

The effectiveness of antitranspirant type and concentration on the leaf water relations of Saliva splendens F. `Firebird and Petunia × hybrida Juss. `Comanche'. Two film-forming antitranspirants, Cloud Cover and Folicote, were tested at three different concentrations in two different environments. The leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and relative water content were evaluated. Transpiration per unit vapor pressure deficit and stomatal conductance for both crops decrease slightly but there was no trend with respect to the film type, environment or concentration rate. The leaf water potentials and relative water content did not show significant difference after antitranspirant application. In order for antitranspirant application to be of benefit to the growth of herbaceous plants, a more durable coating that remains semipermeable would have to be utilized.

Tissue water relations for Brigalow and Mulga

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Connor ◽  
BR Tunstall
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arid Zone Plants

The relationship between the relative water content and the water potential of the phyllodes in brigalow and mulga is compared. It is shown that brigalow phyllode tissue is more resistant to desiccation than that of mulga. This is of interest because mulga has previously been considered to represent an extreme in drought tolerance of Australian arid zone plants.

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