scholarly journals Clinical Features and Socio – Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Enteric Fever: A Prospective Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Sadia Saber ◽  
Md Tarek Alam ◽  
Nazi Yasmin ◽  
Mohammad Monwer Hossain ◽  
Rafi Faria Alam
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Enteric fever otherwise called Typhoid fever is a systemic disease caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, having reservoir in contaminated water and food. It affects considerable number of populations of the world but regions of South Asia are most commonly affected. Aims and Objective: The objective of this study to find the prevalence of Typhoid fever with respect to age, gender, marital status, occupation, seasonal variation, treatment of drinking domestic water source, and clinical features. Methodology: This is a cross- sectional observational study conducted at Bangladesh Medical College Hospital (BMCH), Dhanmondi, Dhaka from January to December 2019. Those presenting both outpatient departments or admitted to the inpatient units with complains of fever and abdominal pain underwent blood culture for the diagnosis of Typhoid fever. Patients with informed consent and positive blood culture report (including both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi) were included in the study. Results: Total 1375 tests were performed, out of which 407 came out to be positive blood culture report (including both Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi). Out of these tests 31.65% were males and 27.35% were females. Highest occurrence of typhoid fever was observed among males of age group 18 – 45 years and least with patients between age group above 75 years. As for the influence of occupation, male civil servants recorded the highest occurrence in the hospitals while artisans recorded the least. The influence of marital status revealed the highest occurrence in the single males with the married females had the least. In relation to months the prevalence was the highest in the month of July - September (11.42%). Water quality, vaccination and season have great impact on the burden of typhoid fever in population. Fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain are the major symptoms associated with typhoid fever. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and seasonal variation, treatment of drinking water supply, occupation and presenting complaints influenced the distribution pattern of typhoid fever among the population in BMCH, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2020; 8(2): 86-90

scholarly journals Mysterious Looks of Typhoid Fever: A New Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepankar Kumar Basak ◽  
Richmond Ronald Gomes ◽  
Md Ashraf Uddin Ahmed ◽  
ABM Sarwar E Alam
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Common Infectious Disease

Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid) is a common infectious disease worldwide, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Typhoid fever caused by the gram negative bacterium Salmonella typhi that may have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. We report a case of a 17 year old previously healthy college boy who presented with fever, abdominal pain and shortness of breath later on who was eventually diagnosed as having typhoid fever complicated by acute pancreatitis, hepatitis and severe pulmonary hypertension. Enteric fever presenting as acute pancreatitis and pulmonary hypertension is a rare entity and must be considered in endemic areas like Bangladesh, in patients presenting with fever and concomitant severe abdominal pain and shortness of breath, as any delay in timely institution of treatment can prove fatal. There are very few case reports in the world which have depicted this unusual association.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2015; 3 (1): 36-38

scholarly journals USE OF WIDAL TEST IN DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION BY ESTIMATING BASELINE TITER IN CONTROL GROUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shetty Jeevan
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Medical College

Objective: This study was undertaken to establish a cutoff significant titer for Widal test using healthy volunteers as control group. Utilizing the baseline titer obtained from the control group, a diagnosis of typhoid fever was made in the test group comprising outpatients and inpatients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients attending G.S Medical College and Hospital, Pilkhuwa, over a period of 6 months from September 2016 to March 2017. Antibodies to Salmonella typhi (TO, TH) and Paratyphi A (AH) and Paratyphi B (BH) are determined by this tube agglutination test. A total of 124 healthy controls and 303 patients having clinical suspicion of typhoid fever were subjected to Widal test. Results: In healthy control group, titer TO ≥20 was observed in 43 (34.7%), TO ≥40 in 48 (38.7%), TO≥80 in 25 (20.2%), and titer TO ≥160, TO ≥320 was observed in none of the control group. Titer TH ≥40 in 58 (46.8%), AH ≥40 in 7 (5.6%), and BH ≥40 in 13 (10.5%) were observed in the control group. Among the test group, 96 (31.7%) sera were positive out of 303 clinically suspected enteric fever by the Widal test. Among different age group studied, 34 (46.6%) patients belonged to the age group of 11-20 years which formed the highest followed by the age group of 21-30 years (33.3%). Conclusion: Based on the study, a cutoff titer of ≥160 for anti-O and anti-H antibodies and titer of ≥80 for anti-AH and anti-BH antibodies be considered as significant titer in diagnosis of enteric fever in this region. The baseline titer helps in early recognition and treatment of this serious health problem.

scholarly journals Study on the efficacy of ceftriaxone versus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever among the patients admitted in a tertiary level hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sougata Mitra ◽  
Masuma Khanam ◽  
M. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Rukhsana Quadir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fever Clearance Time ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Typhoid fever is a severe debilitating and potentially life threating illness. In Bangladesh, typhoid fever is a round the year problem which sometimes take epidemic proportions. The reasons behind such occurrences are unsafe water supply, defective sewage system and unhygienic food handling practice. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever.Methods: An observational study was conducted at the department of pharmacology in Dhaka medical college, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from blood culture positive patients for Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, who admitted in the Dhaka medical college and hospital, Dhaka during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Data was collected by using a structured questioner, face to face interview, physical examination and investigation reports. Patients were hospitalized during the entire treatment period and at admission evaluation was made by history and physical examination in a structured format. Subjects ware asked regarding changes in symptoms and possible adverse effects of the study drugs. All patients were asked to return two weeks after completion of treatment for follow up. Blood culture of Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi were done in all cases. Total 91 patients were culture positive for either S. typhi or S. paratyphi which were finally studied.Results: During the study period out of 91 patients, 51 were receiving ceftriaxone and 40 were receiving azithromycin. Clinical cure was achieved in 46 patients (90%) of ceftriaxone group and in 31 patients (78%) in the azithromycin group. There were no significant differences of clinical cure between both treatment groups (p>0.05). Mean fever clearance time in ceftriaxone group was 3±1.4 days and was 4±1.6 days for azithromycin group. Difference in fever clearance time was statistically significant (p<0.05). No clinical relapses were detected in any study subject. No major side effects of both drugs occurred in any subject.Conclusions: These results indicated that both ceftriaxone and azithromycin were effective against enteric fever caused by sensitive organisms and multi drug resistant S. typhi and S. paratyphi. It is concluded that ceftriaxone is more effective and can be a convenient alternative for the treatment of enteric fever, especially in developing countries like us where medical resources are scarce.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Salmonella Typhi Presenting with Tonsillitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
S. Aarifaa ◽  
Kaliannan Mayilananthi ◽  
Durga Krishnan ◽  
V. R. Mohan Rao ◽  
Praveen Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Oral Ulcers

Typhoid fever is an endemic infection in developing countries like India. Oral manifestations of enteric fever and typhoid tonsillitis have rarely been reported in the literature.   We report a 20 year old male, showing tonsillitis to be an integral part of clinical presentation of typhoid fever.The patient presented with fever, throat pain and oral ulcers. Blood culture and swab from tonsils showed significant growth of Salmonella typhi.This case report adds light to tonsillitis as a rare clinical manifestation of typhoid fever.

Fuzzy Expert Framework for Diagnosis of Typhoid

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Okpokpong Nathaniel Ntebong Celestine ◽  
Umar Farouk Ibn Abdulrahman ◽  
Itoro Akpabio
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Centroid Method

Typhoid fever is a disease that is caused by bacteria called salmonella typhi. It is also known as Enteric fever, Typhoid fever is been characterized by high fever, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, etc. It is often treatable when diagnosed early, but if left untreated could lead to other medical complications like intestinal haemorrhaging which may require major surgeries and could even lead to death. This paper proposes a method of diagnosis of Typhoid Fever using Fuzzy Logic. The system was built with twenty input membership functions, one output membership function and about two hundred inference rules which was simulated with MATLAB R2013 and therefore 97.5 % accuracy was obtained. The centroid method was used for the defuzzification. Although there are many systems in existence, this work is however based on the assumption that a system with a higher number of inference rules will make diagnosis a better.

scholarly journals Stool shedding of Salmonella Typhi in children with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
M. Srinivasan ◽  
S. Giri ◽  
S. Kulandaipalayam Natarajan ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
V.R. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi

Aetiological Outcome of Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy and Pain Abdomen in Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital (MRIMSHyderabad) - A Hospital Based Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2601-2608
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Allagadda ◽  
Harikrishna Appana ◽  
Ramu Pedada ◽  
Deepika Gurram ◽  
Ditin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

BACKGROUND Abdominal pain is a common disorder in children and adolescents worldwide with prevalence rate ranging from 20 - 25 % in school-going children in India. It is a frustrating concern to the child, parents and the physician. Even though abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints in children, it poses a diagnostic challenge owing to the variety of underlying causes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aetiology of abdominal pain associated with significant mesenteric lymphadenopathy in a paediatric population. METHODS This is a hospital based prospective, observational study done in Department of Paediatrics, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (MRIMS), Hyderabad. RESULTS Out of the 65 children studied, 30.8 % were of 5 - 8 years age group, 36.9 % were 9 - 12 years age group and 32.3 % were 13 - 15 years age group. In our study, we found 50.8 % were boys and 49.2 % were girls. 20 % of them were having fever, 16.9 % were having cough, 16.9 % were having diarrhoea, 13.8 % were having sore throat, 16.9 % dysuria, and 15.4 % were having constipation. All patients in our study group underwent ultrasound of abdomen. All cases were having significant mesenteric lymphadenopathy (more than 5 mm in short axis with three or more number of lymph nodes). In 53.8 % cases, etiological agent for the mesenteric lymphadenopathy was not proved with our investigations. In the remaining 46.2 % of children, cause of mesenteric lymphadenopathy was proved and 38.5 % were bacterial infections, 6.2 % were viral infections and 1.5 % were parasitic infections. CONCLUSIONS It is important to recognise mesenteric lymphadenitis as a clinical entity in paediatric cases presenting with abdominal pain. They should be evaluated for an etiological agent and if no proven source of infection and etiological agent is found, it can be considered as functional abdominal pain. If we are able to get a proper etiological diagnosis in these cases, we could treat them and we could make huge difference in terms of quality of life. KEYWORDS Abdominal Pain, Mesenteric Lymphadenitis, Ultrasound, Significant Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy

scholarly journals A Patient with Typhoid Hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
M Vitanata Arfijanto ◽  
Isty Rindryastuti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Ig G

Typhoid hepatitis is typhoid fever accompanied by symptoms of jaundice, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function tests. The incidence varies between 0.4% -26% of typhoid fever patients. We report a case of a 34-year-old male, presented with fever, epistaxis, gastrointestinal symptoms, thrombocytopenia and elevated AST/ ALT, thus the patient was first diagnosed as dengue hemorrhagic fever grade II. On day 9th the signs and symptoms were persisted, Ig M and Ig G Dengue was negative. Then we evaluated the virus marker for hepatitis and blood culture. The results were negative for HBsAg, anti HCV and Ig M anti HAV, but Salmonella typhi detected on blood culture. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone 1000mg bid iv and get better then discharged from hospital.

Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
KM Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Mohimanul Hoque ◽  
M Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14

scholarly journals Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Petrin ◽  
Russell W. Steele ◽  
Elizabeth A. Margolis ◽  
Justin M. Rabon ◽  
Holly Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Enteric fever (formerly typhoid fever) is a bacterial illness caused by fecal-oral transmission of Salmonella typhi or paratyphi. In early 2018, an outbreak of Salmonella typhi resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol was reported in Pakistan. This strain, termed “extensively resistant typhi,” has infected more than 5000 patients in endemic areas of South Asia, as well as travelers to and from these areas, including 5 cases in the United States. We present the case of one such child who developed extensively resistant enteric fever during a recent visit to Pakistan and required broader antimicrobial treatment than typically required. Clinicians should be aware that incoming cases of enteric fever may be nonsusceptible to commonly recommended antibiotics and that extensively resistant typhi requires treatment with carbapenems such as meropenem or azithromycin.

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