scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on growth, grain filling duration, yield and quality attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Alghabari ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress at start of anthesis (applied by adjusting the field capacities at 100, 50 and 30%) on barley growth, grain filling duration, grain shape, yield and quality attributes. The effect of drought stress was more prominent on plant fresh biomass accumulation, grain yield and grain filling duration. However, it produced non-significant effect on total number of tillers and grain protein contents. With the increasing intensity of drought stress, barley growth and yield traits significantly diminished. Water stress gradually shortened the plant height and biomass accumulation but the difference was more prominent in fresh biomass accumulation (– 45%) over dry biomass accumulation. The field capacity of 30% caused 29 - 41% reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and 10 - 27% in grain quality traits. Root fresh and dry biomass accumulation decreased by drought stress while root length increased. Drought stress produced uneven grain size that resulted in lower grain yield (42%) specially at 30% field capacity. This reduction in yield was also due to the decreased grain filling duration (38 d) at 30% field capacity as compared to 100% field capacity. So, it may be concluded that drought stress affected barley yield through impaired grain development and grain filling duration. The results of present study are satisfactory and needed further exploration about the physiological mechanism and management strategies to overcome drought stress related yield losses in barley crop.

scholarly journals Contrasting response of biomass and grain yield to severe drought in Cappelle Desprez and Plainsman V wheat cultivars

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Paul ◽  
János Pauk ◽  
Zsuzsanna Deák ◽  
László Sass ◽  
Imre Vass
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Filling Period

We report a case study of natural variations and correlations of some photosynthetic parameters, green biomass and grain yield in Cappelle Desprez and Plainsman V winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars, which are classified as being drought sensitive and tolerant, respectively. We monitored biomass accumulation from secondary leaves in the vegetative phase and grain yield from flag leaves in the grain filling period. Interestingly, we observed higher biomass production, but lower grain yield stability in the sensitive Cappelle cultivar, as compared to the tolerant Plainsman cv. Higher biomass production in the sensitive variety was correlated with enhanced water-use efficiency. Increased cyclic electron flow around PSI was also observed in the Cappelle cv. under drought stress as shown by light intensity dependence of the ratio of maximal quantum yields of Photosystem I and Photosystem II, as well by the plot of the Photosystem I electron transport rate as a function of Photosystem II electron transport rate. Higher CO2uptake rate in flag leaves of the drought-stressed Plainsman cv. during grain filling period correlates well with its higher grain yield and prolonged transpiration rate through spikes. The increase in drought factor (DFI) and performance (PI) indices calculated from variable chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of secondary leaves also showed correlation with higher biomass in the Cappelle cultivar during the biomass accumulation period. However, during the grain filling period, DFI and PI parameters of the flag leaves were higher in the tolerant Plainsman V cultivar and showed correlation with grain yield stability. Our results suggest that overall biomass and grain yield may respond differentially to drought stress in different wheat cultivars and therefore phenotyping for green biomass cannot be used as a general approach to predict grain yield. We also conclude that photosynthetic efficiency of flag and secondary leaves is correlated with grain yield and green biomass, respectively. In addition, secondary trait associated mechanisms like delayed senescence and higher water-use efficiency also contribute to biomass stability. Our studies further prove that photosynthetic parameters could be used to characterize environmental stress responses.

scholarly journals Effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties on plant morphology, sorghum grain yield, forage yield and quality in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Rahel Kahsay ◽  
Yeshambelm Ekuriaw ◽  
Bimrew Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Grain

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of inter-cropping lablab (Lablab purpureus) with 3 selected early-maturing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties (Teshale, Girana-1 and Misikir) on plant morphology, sorghum grain and forage yield and quality plus yield and quality of lablab forage, and to assess farmers’ perceptions of the crops in Kalu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Seven treatments, namely: T1 - sole lablab (SL); T2 - Teshale + lablab (TL); T3 - Girana-1 + lablab (GL); T4 - Misikir + lablab (ML); T5 - sole Teshale (ST); T6 - sole Girana-1 (SG); and T7 - sole Misikir (SM), were used with 3 replications in a randomized complete block design. The data collected from sorghum varieties were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, dry biomass yield and grain yield; and for lablab was: plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of nodules per plant and dry biomass yield. Grain yield was determined on sorghum at maturity, while lablab was harvested at 50% flowering. Inter-cropped Girana-1 produced yields of both grain and stover and lablab forage similar to those for pure stands of the 2 crops, while inter-cropping of Teshale and Misikir with lablab reduced height, grain and stover yields of sorghum and yields of lablab forage (P<0.05). However, crude protein concentration in sorghum stover was enhanced when grown as an inter-crop with lablab (P<0.05). Land equivalent ratios for inter-crop treatments were 54‒87% higher than those for pure stands. Farmers readily identified the combination Girana-1 + lablab as superior to the other associations. While farmers can improve productivity of their farms by inter-cropping these sorghum varieties, preferably Girana-1, with lablab, more studies should be conducted to determine benefits from sowing other legumes with sorghum. Any improvements in soil N levels from planting the legumes should be quantified.

scholarly journals Exploiting Grain-Filling Rate and Effective Grain-Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early-Maturing Maize

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Peter Setimela ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Paul T. Gibson ◽  
Patrick Okori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Quality and Grain Yield Attributes of Rwandan Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Grown in a Biotron Applying Two NPK Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonsine Mukamuhirwa ◽  
Helena Persson Hovmalm ◽  
Rodomiro Ortiz ◽  
Obedi Nyamangyoku ◽  
Eva Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

High-yielding rice cultivars with good processing quality and rich in nutrition suitable to a changing climate are of particular importance for future rice-based food production. Here, seven Rwandan rice cultivars were grown in a climate chamber of the biotron facility at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, to be evaluated for their grain yield, nutritional composition, and dough mixing properties. Two different levels of inorganic fertilizer were applied weekly from the seedling stage until flowering. Significant differences for grain yield and quality attributes were found between cultivars. Jyambere showed significantly the highest yield while Ingwizabukungu, Nemeyubutaka, and Jyambere were high in mineral elements content. Ndamirabahinzi and Mpembuke had the highest levels of TPC and TAC. Generally, the lower fertilizer dose resulted in a better performance of the cultivars for both yield and quality attributes. Significantly higher content of Fe, Ca, and Ba was found in grains from the moderate fertilizer dose, whereas K, Na, P, S, Zn, Cd, and Pb increased in grains from the higher fertilizer dose. The cultivar Ndamirabahinzi showed less variability of evaluated characters across fertilizer doses. The results from this study may be used for rice breeding of cultivars with high yield and good grain quality.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Actual Functions of Awns in Grasses: From Yield Potential to Quality Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7593
Author(s):  
Fabrice Ntakirutimana ◽  
Wengang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Awns, which are either bristles or hair-like outgrowths of lemmas in the florets, are one of the typical morphological characteristics of grass species. These stiff structures contribute to grain dispersal and burial and fend off animal predators. However, their phenotypic and genetic associations with traits deciding potential yield and quality are not fully understood. Awns appear to improve photosynthesis, provide assimilates for grain filling, thus contributing to the final grain yield, especially under temperature- and water-stress conditions. Long awns, however, represent a competing sink with developing kernels for photosynthates, which can reduce grain yield under favorable conditions. In addition, long awns can hamper postharvest handling, storage, and processing activities. Overall, little is known about the elusive role of awns, thus, this review summarizes what is known about the effect of awns on grain yield and biomass yield, grain nutritional value, and forage-quality attributes. The influence of awns on the agronomic performance of grasses seems to be associated with environmental and genetic factors and varies in different stages of plant development. The contribution of awns to yield traits and quality features previously documented in major cereal crops, such as rice, barley, and wheat, emphasizes that awns can be targeted for yield and quality improvement and may advance research aimed at identifying the phenotypic effects of morphological traits in grasses.

scholarly journals Drought stress during the reproductive stage of two soybean lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa do Rosário Rosa ◽  
Adinan Alves da Silva ◽  
Danielle Santos Brito ◽  
José Domingos Pereira Júnior ◽  
Cíntia Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Chloroplast Pigments ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Water Limitations

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of drought stress in the reproductive stage (R3) on the physiological parameters and grain yield of two soybean (Glycine max) lines. The Vx-08-10819 and Vx-08-11614 soybean lines were grown in a greenhouse, where they were irrigated until they reached the R3 development stage. During three days, the weight of the pots was monitored daily in order to maintain 100, 60, and 40% field capacity (control and moderate and severe stress, respectively). The parameters gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, as well as chloroplast pigments, osmoregulatory solutes and antioxidant enzymes, were determined. After stress, the plants were rehydrated until the end of the reproductive stage (R8), to evaluate grain yield. Vx-08-10819 showed traits that contributed to drought tolerance, such as better water-use efficiency, modulation of leaf area, and enzymatic activity, as well as a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus and a lower lipid peroxidation rate than Vx-08-11614. In addition, Vx-08-10819 maintained its productivity even after the severe water deficit. By contrast, water limitations affected negatively the productivity of Vx-08-11614. The Vx-08-10819 soybean line can efficiently withstand drought periods during the reproductive stage, without any interferences on final grain yield.

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