Biochemical property analysis of native probiotic isolates from selective poultry

Isolation and identification of probiotic bacteria are the prerequisites for their safer use in the food and feed industry. The objectives of the present study were the isolation of probiotic bacteria from the selective gastrointestinal tract of poultry obtained from Khulna and Barisal Divisions, and their identification based on bacterial morphological characterization and biochemical property analysis. Ten potential native probiotics were isolated from the poultry gastrointestinal tract and assayed for their morphological, physiological and biochemical properties. It was observed that, all the isolates were rod-shaped, gram-positive, endospore-negative, catalase-negative, non-motile and were able to ferment particular sugars which are an indicator for typical probiotic bacteria. The sugar fermentation pattern, ability to survive and growth in inhibitory substances like 1-4% NaCl, 0.3% bile salt as well as their ability to grow in different temperatures and pH levels ensured the presumptive identification of the lactic acid bacteria. All the ten isolates exhibited a clear zone of inhibition when they were grown with five enteric pathogens which are indicative of their antimicrobial activity. Ten isolates were assayed for their susceptibility to eight antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. All the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Further research regarding molecular characterization and identification of specific genes using different technologies may open the door to utilize these isolates in different probiotic-based inventions. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 39-54

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Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9060420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽

Sudipta Talukder ◽

Md. Yamin Ali ◽

Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽

Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Encoding Genes

Escherichia coli is known as one of the most important foodborne pathogens in humans, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infection with this bacterium. The occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec), in particular, in chicken meat is considered a global health problem. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of E. coli, with special emphasis on ESBL-Ec, along with their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern in frozen chicken meat. The study also focused on the determination of ESBL-encoding genes in E. coli. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of nine branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of E. coli were done based on cultural and biochemical properties, as well as PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% of samples were positive for E. coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9–11 and 12–13 antimicrobial classes was observed in 38.4% and 17.4% isolates, respectively, while only 11.6% were resistant to 3–5 classes. Possible extensive drug resistance (pXDR) was found in 2.3% of isolates. High single resistance was observed for oxytetracycline (93%) and amoxicillin (91.9%), followed by ampicillin (89.5%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and pefloxacin (88.4%), and tetracycline (84.9%). Most importantly, 89.6% of isolates were resistant to carbapenems. All the isolates were positive for the blaTEM gene. However, the blaSHV and blaCTX-M-2 genes were identified in two ESBL-non producer isolates. None of the isolates carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene. This study provided evidence of the existence of MDR and pXDR ESBL-Ec in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh, which may pose a risk to human health if the meat is not properly cooked or pickled raw only. This emphasizes the importance of the implementation of good slaughtering and processing practices by the processors.

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Isolation and Identification of Antibiotic-Producing Halophilic Bacteria from Dagh Biarjmand and Haj Aligholi Salt Deserts, Iran

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.15171/ps.2019.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Babak Elyasifar ◽

Sevda Jafari ◽

Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi ◽

Florence Chapeland-leclerc ◽

Gwenaël Ruprich-Robert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Halophilic Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phylogenic Tree

Background: Halophilic bacteria are potent organisms in production of novel bioactive antimicrobial compounds which might be considered in drug innovation and control of plant pathogens. Salt deserts in Semnan province are of the most permanent hypersaline areas in the North of Iran. Despite the importance of these areas, there is no scientific report regarding the biodiversity and potency of their halophilic bacteria. Thus, aforementioned areas were selected to detect the halophilic bacteria. Methods: Here, seven strains were isolated and cultured on their molecular and biochemical properties were characterized. To determine the antibiotic potency of the isolates, agar well diffusion method was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis was done to reveal the isolates relationship with previously known strains. Results: As a result, growth of the strains in the medium containing 5 to 20% (w/v) NaCl determined that the majority of the isolates were moderately halophile. Catalase activity of all strains was positive. The results represented that D6A, Dar and D8B have antimicrobial effects against different plant and human pathogens. Phylogenic tree analysis also showed that two strains of D6A and Dar are belonged to Bacillus subtilis and D8B is belonged to Virgibacillus olivae. The bacteria extracts were evaluated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities on human and Plant pathogenic strains. The MIC of the extract B. subtilis against was found active against human pathogenic fungi and Plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, ranging from 12.5 to 25 µg/mL. Conclusion: This study highlights the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of B. subtilis extracts as antibacterial and antifungal agents.

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Investigation of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23716 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AKMA Islam ◽

M Rahman ◽

A Nahar ◽

A Khair ◽

MM Alam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheic Calves

Molecular technique was used to investigate the prevalence of virulent diarrheic genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A hundred samples from 100 different diarrheic calves from mid-north-western part of Bangladesh were screened for the presence of virulence factors associated with diarrhea. Following isolation and identification on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, the presence of the virulence genes such as eaeA, bfpA, elt, est, stx1 and stx2 were examined using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 57 E. coli was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 8 antimicrobial agents. Out of 100 samples 57 (57%) were found to be positive for E. coli and their distribution rates according to their age, breed and sex were 66.7% ( 6 days old ), 85.7% (Sahiwal breed) and in 64.2 % (female calves) respectively. Among 57 E. coli isolates, only 16 isolates were analyzed for the detection of the said genes. Among them, only eaeA gene was detected in 2 E. coli isolates (12.5 %). Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that Oxacillin, Rifampicin and Penicillin were 100% resistant followed by Erythromycin which was more than 80% resistant. In case of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, about 59.65% and 61.40% were found to be resistant respectively whereas all 57 E. coli isolates showed moderately susceptible (30%) to Cefuroxime, a second generation Cephalosporin. Therefore, none of the eight antimicrobials studied can not be recommended as single best therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. In addition, this study indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to mainly Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which was atypical (only contained the eaeA genes but not bfpA). However, further studies are necessary to characterize the isolated eaeA gene positive E. coli by serotyping, tissue culture assay and other molecular techniques to find out the potentiality of those virulent genes contributing pathogenicity of E. coli causing diarrhea in calves.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23716Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 45-51

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Exploring Multidrug Resistant and Possible Extensively Drug Resistant Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh

10.20944/preprints202005.0153.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽

Sudipta Talukder ◽

Md. Yamin Ali ◽

Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽

Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Extended Spectrum

Multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a serious concern to public health worldwide including Bangladesh, and chicken meat is recognized as an important reservoir of ESBL-Ec dissemination to humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) in frozen chicken meat. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of 9 branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli were done based on cultural, biochemical properties and PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% samples were positive for Escherichia coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9–11 and 12–13 antimicrobial classes was observed in 38.4% and 17.4% isolates, respectively while only 11.6% were resistant to 3–5 classes. The possible extensively drug resistance (pXDR) was found in 2.3% isolates. The high single resistance was observed for oxytetracycline (93%) and amoxicillin (91.9%), followed by ampicillin (89.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and pefloxacin (88.4%), and tetracycline (84.9%). Most importantly, 89.6% of isolates were resistant to carbapenems. All the isolates were positive for blaTEM gene. However, the blaSHV and blaCTX-M-2 genes were identified in two ESBL-non producer isolates. None of the isolates were carried blaCTX-M-1 gene. This study provided evidence of wide dissemination of MDR and existence of pXDR ESBL-Ec in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh. Our data clearly indicated that frozen chicken meat is, at the present time, the most significant known food source of ESBL-Ec to which peoples are regularly exposed.

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Isolation and Identification of Avibacterium paragallinarum from Layer Chickens in Gazipur, Bangladesh

Microbes and Health ◽

10.3329/mh.v3i1.19769 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sharmin Akter ◽

Sukumar Saha ◽

Kamrul Ahmed Khan ◽

Md Mansurul Amin ◽

Md Ehsanul Haque

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Sugar Fermentation ◽

Infectious Coryza ◽

Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽

Layer Chickens ◽

Tissue Specimens ◽

Indole Production

An investigation was conducted for isolation, identification and determination of antibiotic sensitivity of Avibacterium paragallinarun, the causal agent of infectious coryza, from layer chickens. A total of 21 samples with characteristic symptoms of the disease were collected from a Hatchery of Gazipur. Tissue specimens obtained aseptically from swollen infra orbital sinus and tracheal swab were processed, of which, 3 were found positive while the rest 18 were negative. Isolation of bacteria was performed by first putting the specimen in Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) enriched phosphate buffer broth, anaerobically incubated for 24 hours followed by culturing loopful of broth on Blood agar (BA) and Chocolate agar (CA) plates enriched with NAD and streaked with feeder organism of Staphylococcus. aureus. On 24 hours of anaerobic incubation (candle jar method), dew drop satellite colonies of A. paragallinarum were visible on the culture plates. Cultural characteristics of bacteria as well as their staining, morphological, motility and biochemical properties such as sugar fermentation, MR and V-P tests, Indole production and catalase tests were recorded for identification. Further, antibiogram study revealed that the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin but resistant to Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin and Sulphamethoxazole. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v3i1.19769 Microbes and Health, June 2014. 3(1): 9-11

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Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh

10.20944/preprints202005.0153.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽

Sudipta Talukder ◽

Md. Yamin Ali ◽

Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽

Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Encoding Genes

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Microencapsulation: A Prospective to Protect Probiotics

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401315666190712222623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 891-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wissam Zam

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Food Industry ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Host Health ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Selection Of

Probiotics are viable microorganisms widely used for their claimed beneficial effects on the host health. A wide number of researchers proved that the intake of probiotic bacteria has numerous health benefits which created a big market of probiotic foods worldwide. The biggest challenge in the development of these products is to maintain the viability of bacterial cells during the storage of the product as well as throughout the gastrointestinal tract transit after consumption, so that the claimed health benefits can be delivered to the consumer. Different approaches have been proposed for increasing the resistance of these sensitive microorganisms, including the selection of resistant strains, incorporation of micronutrients, and most recently the use of microencapsulation techniques. Microencapsulation has resulted in enhancing the viability of these microorganisms which allows its wide use in the food industry. In this review, the most common techniques used for microencapsulation of probiotics will be presented, as well as the most usual microcapsule shell materials.

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β-lactam resistance in bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis in goats in Thika Subcounty, Kenya

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1448-1456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1448-1456

Author(s):

Irene Mkavi Okoko ◽

Naomi Maina ◽

Daniel Kiboi ◽

John Kagira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Synergy Test

Aim: This study determined the resistance pattern to β-lactam antibiotics of bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in Thika subcounty, Kenya. We also administered a questionnaire to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Materials and Methods: We collected milk samples from 110 lactating dairy goats in Thika subcounty to screen for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed according to colony morphology, the hemolytic pattern on sheep blood agar, lactose fermentation on MacConkey plates, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the agar disk diffusion method using penicillin G, cephalexin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime antibiotic disks. The double-disk synergy test using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was employed as a confirmatory test for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of antibiotic resistance (p≤0.05 was considered significant). Results: Of the 110 dairy goats sampled, 72.7% (80) were positive for subclinical mastitis. Isolation and identification of the bacteria from the positive samples yielded 149 bacteria isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Yersinia spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Escherichia coli. A high percentage (76.5%, 114/149) of the bacterial isolates was resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. At least 56/106 isolates (52.8%) showing cross-resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics were resistant to all four of the tested antibiotics, while only one isolate was resistant to three antibiotics (penicillin G, cephalexin, and cefoxitin). The double-disk synergy test confirmed that none of the isolates possessed ESBLs. Pre- and post-milking practices (p=0.0336) were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: A large proportion of the goats in our study cohort were infected with β-lactam-resistant bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis. Because the identified bacteria are of zoonotic importance, further studies should be undertaken to determine the transmission dynamics between humans and livestock and to identify novel intervention strategies.

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The Isolation and Identification Bacteria on Jallalah Animal (Study on the Feeding Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Chicken Manure As Foods)

Elkawnie ◽

10.22373/ekw.v6i2.7770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

Opik Taupik Kurahman ◽

Astri Yuliawati ◽

Lusi Haerunnisa ◽

Ateng Supriyatna ◽

Tri Cahyanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Fish Food ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Fish Intestine ◽

Commercial Fish Food ◽

Eating Animal

Abstract: In the hadith, Rasulullah SAW prohibit human to consume meat and milk from manure-eating animal (Jallalah animal). In this study, tilapia fishes were fed chicken manure (being Jallalah). Then, it was analyzed based on the microbe in their intestine. The purposes of this study are to isolate and to identify the types of bacteria, and to determine the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of fish that have been fed chicken manure. Bacteria samples were isolated from the intestine of fish with chicken manure and the commercial fish food as a control. Bacteria identification was done by using morphological characterization, macroscopic and microscopic identification, and biochemical test. The results show that 21 isolated bacteria in the fish intestine that was fed chicken manure and six of the bacteria are pathogenic. Based on this study, it can be concluded that tilapia fish by feeding with chicken manure contains many types of pathogens bacteria. Briefly, tilapia fish is not good for being consumption.Abstrak: Dalam hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Umar, Rasulullah SAW. Melarang memakan daging dan meminum susu hewan pemakan kotoran (hewan Jallalah). Pada penelitian ini, ikan nila diberi pakan kotoran ayam (menjadi Jallalah). Selanjutnya ikan tersebut dianalisis kandungan mikroba yang terkandung didalam saluran pencernaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bentuk bakteri dan mendeterminasi bakteri patogen dan non-patogen yang terdapat didalam saluran pencernaan ikan ynag telah diberi pakan kotoran ayam. Sampel bakteri diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ikan setelah diberi kotoran ayam dan ikan yang diberi pakan komersil (kontrol). Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan secara makroskopik, mikroskopik, dan uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ditemukan 21 isolat bakteri dalam usus ikan yang diberi korotan ayam yang tergolong ke dalam genus Listeria, Staphylococcus, Alcaligenes, Cromobacterium, Edwardisiella, Micrococcus, Bacillus, dan Kurthia. Dari 21 jenis tersebut terdapat 6 jenis bakteri pathogen yaitu Edwarsiella sp, Micrococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Alcaligenes sp, Listeria sp dan Chromobacterium. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa hewan ikan yang memakan kotoran ayam mengandung banyak jenis bakteri patogen sehingga tidak baik untuk di konsumsi.

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Isolation and identification of motile Aeromonas spp.from different sources

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2011.5.3.185 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 56-65

Author(s):

Samira Y. Yousif ◽

Rasha Abid Ali Al-Khalidi

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aeromonas Sobria ◽

Aeromonas Caviae ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Different Sources

Total of 507 samples (clinical, environmental, food) were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, water, soil, and different food stuffs. Biochemical and morphological characterization tests showed that seventeen isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp.These were farther characterized as Aeromonas hydrophila 10 isolates, Aeromonas sobria 2 isolates, Aeromonas eucrenophila 3 isolates, one isolate belongs to Aeromonas caviae and another one belongs to Aeromonas schubertii. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all the isolates towards fifteen antibiotics agents were carried out and results showed that all isolates 100% were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, ampiclox, 99% were resistant to lincomycin, 76.7% to cephalothin, 52.9% to cefotaxime. All isolates except one isolate of Aeromonas eucrenophila were sensitive to meropenem.

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