scholarly journals Ethnopharmacological evaluation of Cenchrus ciliaris for multiple gastrointestinal disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Aleem ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Full Screen

<p class="Abstract">This study was conducted to rationalize the traditional uses of <em>Cenchrus ciliaris</em> in gastrointestinal disorders using <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> assays. The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated in rats by the castor oil-induced diarrheal model. <em>C. ciliaris</em> (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) reduced the castor oil-induced diarrhea significantly. Another study carried out in mice to determine the intestinal transit rate showed that <em>C. ciliaris</em> (100 and 200 mg/kg) inhibited the transit rate significantly. <em>Ex vivo</em> assay demonstrated that <em>C. ciliaris</em> (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxed the spontaneous and K<sup>+ </sup>(80 mM)-induced contractions, like verapamil. The crude extract (75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) also exhibited significant anti-emetic activity in chicks. These results indicate the presence of antispasmodic, antidiarrheal and antiemetic activities in <em>C. ciliaris</em>, thus providing the scientific basis for its traditional uses.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>: 56 sec  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/FwQ01gHJaGk">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwQ01gHJaGk">If Failed</a></p>

scholarly journals Boehmeria glomerulifera Miq. Exhibits in vivo Antidepressant and Antidiarrheal Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Sharmin Khandker Shampa ◽  
Md Abdul Bari ◽  
Mohammad Kaisarul Islam ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Rural People ◽  
The Family

Boehmeria glomerulifera Miq., is medicinal herb belongs to the family Urticaceae. It is used for treating various diseases by folk practitioners and rural people. The CNS antidepressant and antidiarrhoeal activities of the crude extract were investigated at 200 and 400 mg/kg bw in Swiss Albino mice model. The crude methanolic extract revealed significant (p < 0.05) antidepressant activity in mice at 400 mg/kg bw. On the other hand, in the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal assay, the extract demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antidiarrhoeal activity at 400 mg/kg bw. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 181-184, 2019

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacological basis for antispasmodic, antidiarrheal and antiemetic activities of Ceratonia siliqua pods

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Irfan Hamid ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Spasmolytic Activity ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p class="Abstract">The study was conducted to provide the ethnopharmacological bases of the crude extract of seed pods of <em>Ceratonia siliqua</em> in the gastrointestinal spasm, diarrhea and emesis. In segregated rabbit jejunum, it showed dose-dependent (0.01-10 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous as well as carbachol (1 µM)-induced contraction. Pre-treatment of segregated rat ileum with <em>C. siliqua</em>, significantly (p&lt;0.0001) suppressed the carbachol (1 µM)-induced contraction similar to atropine (1 µM). These results indicated that <em>C. siliqua</em> possesses spasmolytic activity through possible blockage of muscarinic receptor in jejunum preparations. Furthermore, the crude extract inhibited the castor oil-induced diarrhea, charcoal meal propulsion in mice and copper sulfate-induced retches in chicks in a dose-dependent manner (100, 200, 300 mg/kg). These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that <em>C. siliqua</em> possesses the spasmolytic and antidiarrheal activities mediated possibly through blockage of muscarinic receptors. Thus, this study provides a rationale for its folkloric use.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>12 min 42 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/BQGWdIZqpsY">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQGWdIZqpsY">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Pharmacological studies on the laxative effects of Fagonia indica on rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Malik Hassan Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Laxative Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Species Specific

This study explores the pharmacological basis for the folk use of Fagonia indica in constipation using in vivo and in vitro assays. The crude extract of F. indica contained tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenols. The administration of F. indica extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) to mice caused a partially atropine-sensitive 35 and 42.6% laxation, respectively, similar to ursolic acid which showed 22 and 36% laxation at 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. In loperamide-induced constipation mice, F. indica (27.3 and 34.6%) and ursolic acid (15 and 28%) also displayed laxative effects at the aforementioned doses. In mice and rats ileum, F. indica, its fractions (ethyl acetate, aqueous) and ursolic acid produced atropine-sensitive stimulatory effects, while in rats ileum, F. indica and aqueous fraction showed partially atropine-sensitive effects. F. indica and ursolic acid possess laxative and species-specific gut stimulant effects predominantly involving the activation of muscarinic receptor, thus eliciting its folk use in constipation. Video Clip of Methodology: 7 min 7 sec:  Full Screen   Alternate

scholarly journals A new class of potential antidiabetic acetohydrazides: Synthesis, in vivo antidiabetic activity and molecular docking studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubeen Arif ◽  
Furukh Jabeen ◽  
Aamer Saeed ◽  
Irfan Zia Qureshi ◽  
Nadia Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
New Class ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

<p class="Abstract">Two new pharmacologically active series of tetrazolopyridine-acetohydrazide conjugates [9 (a-n), 10 (a-n)] were synthesized by reacting a variety of suitably substituted benzaldehydes and isomeric 2-(5-(pyridin-3/4-yl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetohydrazides (7, 8). The synthesized compounds were analyzed through FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR and elemental techniques. These acetohydrazides were screened for their in vivo antidiabetic activity and molecular docking studies. An excellent agreement was obtained as the best docked poses show-ed important binding features mostly based on interactions due to an oxygen atom and aromatic moieties of the series. The compounds 9a, 9c and 10l were found to be the most active in lowering blood glucose, having the potential of being good antidiabetic agents.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>Synthesis of 3/4-(2H-tetrazole-5-yl)pyridine: 1 min 57 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/CHp8HxlEa2M">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHp8HxlEa2M">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Aqueous Tuber Extracts of Tylosema fassoglense (Kotschy ex Schweinf.) Torre and Hillc. (Fabaceae). Possess Significant In-Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity and Ex-Vivo Spasmolytic Effect Possibly Mediated by Modulation of Nitrous Oxide System, Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, and Muscarinic Receptors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washika Amos Mapesa ◽  
Mwangi Peter Waweru ◽  
Frederick Bukachi ◽  
Kayaja David Wafula
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Tylosema fassoglense (TFG) is used as an antidiarrheal traditional medicine in Western Kenya. This study aimed to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of its aqueous extracts in-vivo and the putative mechanism (s) of action ex-vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits respectively. The in-vivo antidiarrheal effects of the extract were evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea, the castor oil-induced enteropooling, and phenol red gastric motility tests. On the other hand, isolated rabbit’s jejunal segments were used to evaluate the spasmolytic effect of TFG on spontaneous contraction, in acetylcholine-induced contraction, in presence of 80mMK+, calcium chloride-induced contraction as well as in presence of the following antagonists: naloxone, methylene blue, L-NAME, prazosin, and propranolol in the ex-vivo studies. The data were express as Mean ± S.E.M and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test in cases of significance which was set at p &lt; 0.05. The extract was phytochemically characterized using Liquid chromatography Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS).The extract possessed significant inhibitory effect in the in-vivo experiments. The extract exhibited significant spasmolytic effect on both spontaneous contraction and in jejunal segment pre-contracted acetylcholine as well as in presence of 80mMK+ solution. It also attenuated the spasmogenic effect of various concentration of calcium chloride. The extract’s spasmolytic effect was, however, significantly attenuated in presence of several antagonists (methylene blue and L-NAME) but the adrenergic blockers (prazosin and propranolol) had no significant effect in the ex-vivo studies. LC-MS identified thirty compounds where Proathocyanidin (11.54%), Syringic acid (7.30%), and 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (6.19%) had the highest percentage abundance. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study partially validate the traditional uses of the tubers of this plant species as an antidiarrheal. These antidiarrheal effects are probably mediated via modulation of nitrous oxide pathway, voltage gated calcium channels, and muscarinic receptors.

scholarly journals Gene editing and CRISPR in the clinic: current and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Hirakawa ◽  
Raga Krishnakumar ◽  
Jerilyn A. Timlin ◽  
James P. Carney ◽  
Kimberly S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Transcription Activator

Abstract Genome editing technologies, particularly those based on zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat DNA sequences)/Cas9 are rapidly progressing into clinical trials. Most clinical use of CRISPR to date has focused on ex vivo gene editing of cells followed by their re-introduction back into the patient. The ex vivo editing approach is highly effective for many disease states, including cancers and sickle cell disease, but ideally genome editing would also be applied to diseases which require cell modification in vivo. However, in vivo use of CRISPR technologies can be confounded by problems such as off-target editing, inefficient or off-target delivery, and stimulation of counterproductive immune responses. Current research addressing these issues may provide new opportunities for use of CRISPR in the clinical space. In this review, we examine the current status and scientific basis of clinical trials featuring ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-based genome editing, the known limitations of CRISPR use in humans, and the rapidly developing CRISPR engineering space that should lay the groundwork for further translation to clinical application.

scholarly journals Pharmacological validation of the anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal model

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Samreen Pervez ◽  
Saud S. Bawazeer ◽  
Tareq Abu-Izneid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p class="Abstract">The current study deals with anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal models. The crude extract was found safe in acute behavior and toxicity studies. However, the n-hexane fraction caused severe acute toxicity. Pretreatment of crude extract and n-hexane fraction elicited marked dose-dependent antianxiety-like effects in elevated plus-maze and dark and light models. The results showed significant (p&lt; 0.05) antianxiety-like effects of crude extract while highly significant (p&lt; 0.001) for n-hexane fraction. Similarly, an effect on muscle coordination was tested in traction model, where both crude extract and n-hexane fraction evoked marked dose-dependent activity. The effect of thiopental-induced sleep test of crude extract and n-hexane fraction was highly significant (p&lt; 0.001). All together, the results revealed potent anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of C. annuum in animal models and the pharmaco-logically active constituents are mostly non-polar in nature.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>4 min 31 sec:   <a href="https://youtube.com/v/85ituFAi6sw">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=85ituFAi6sw">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽  
Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽  
Birhanu Berihun Kidanu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hagenia Abyssinica ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

scholarly journals In vivo anti-diabetic effect of aqueous and methanolic macerated extracts of Atractylis gummifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Bouabid ◽  
Fatima Lamchouri ◽  
Hamid Toufik ◽  
Mohamed Boulfia ◽  
Souad Senhaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Full Screen

The anti-diabetic effect of Atractylis gummifera (plant used in traditional Moroccan medicine) has been evaluated in type 2 diabetic mice model. The mice were divided into five groups: Normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with aqueous macerate (500 mg/kg), diabetic treated with methanol macerate (500 mg/kg) and diabetic treated with metformin (300 mg/kg). The treatment of the mice was performed by daily gastric gavage for 5 weeks. The monitoring of the mice was carried out weekly by fasting glucose and measurement of biochemical parameters at the end of treatment. The aqueous macerate of A. gummifera was most effective that reduced the fasting blood glucose with 62.7%. In addition, this extract restored the biochemical parameters of diabetic mice to normal. Video Clip of Methodolpogy: 5 min 53 sec:   Full Screen   Alternate

scholarly journals Antidiabetic potential of Gaultheria trichophylla in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Fiaz Alam ◽  
Qazi Najam us Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
The Difference

<p>This study evaluated <em>Gaultheria trichophylla</em> for its <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> anti-diabetic activity and its effect on biochemical parameters. The extract inhibited α-glucosidase with IC<sub>50 </sub>= 17.5 ± 0.1 μg/mL). The difference of body weight of the extract-treated diabetic groups and diabetic control was significant (p&lt;0.05). The extract-treated and the standard-treated groups showed significant (p&lt;0.001) decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels compared to diabetic control. The extract-treated groups after 15 days of treatment showed a significance (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.05) decrease of the urea and creatinine levels respectively. The extract and standard-treated diabetic groups showed a significant decreased in the serum level of cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides compared to the diabetic control group (p&lt;0.001). The extract and standard drug showed a significance improvement of HDL level in diabetic mice compared to the diabetic control (p&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>2 min 49 sec:   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/l8cU2wT953w">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8cU2wT953w">Alternate</a></p>

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