scholarly journals Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose from pretreated cotton obtained from Bombax ceiba L. and its characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Haque ◽  
AA Chowdhury ◽  
AA Rana ◽  
SM Masum ◽  
T Ferdous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Particle Characterization ◽  
Polymeric Form ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Hausner Ratio ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important ingredient in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. Microcrystalline cellulose was synthesized from the alpha cellulose content of pretreated cotton, Bombax ceiba L. by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The prepared microcrystalline cellulose was characterized by determining some physicochemical properties such as pH, angle of response, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, moisture content etc and compared with commercial-grade microcrystalline cellulose that is used in pharmaceutical industry as excipient. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FTIR data represented the structure and particle characterization of sample. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the thermal stability of the sample. The results showed that the yield of microcrystalline cellulose was about 85% and compared favorably with the commercial grade microcrystalline cellulose as well as conformed official specifications for microcrystalline cellulose in British Pharmacopeia. It was also found that the duration of acid hydrolysis affected the polymeric form of the processed alpha cellulose.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 199-204, 2015

scholarly journals Influence of Oxidation Degree on the Physicochemical Properties of Oxidized Inulin

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
Thomas G. Barclay ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Nikolai Petrovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Oxidation Degree ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper reports the oxidation of inulin using varying ratios of sodium periodate and the characterization of the inulin polyaldehyde. The physicochemical properties of the inulin polyaldehyde (oxidized inulin) were characterized using different techniques including 1D NMR spectroscopy, 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aldehyde peak was not very visible in the FTIR, because the aldehyde functional group exists in a masked form (hemiacetal). The thermal stability of the oxidized inulin decreased with the increasing oxidation degree. The smooth spherical shape of raw inulin was destructed due to the oxidation, as confirmed by the SEM result. The 1HNMR results show some new peaks from 4.8 to 5.0 as well as around 5.63 ppm. However, no aldehyde peak was found around 9.7 ppm. This can be attributed to the hemiacetal. The reaction of oxidized inulin with tert-butyl carbazate produced a carbazone conjugate. There was clear evidence of decreased peak intensity for the proton belonging to the hemiacetal group. This clearly shows that not all of the hemiacetal group can be reverted by carbazate. In conclusion, this work provides vital information as regards changes in the physicochemical properties of the oxidized inulin, which has direct implications when considering the further utilization of this biomaterial.

Synthesis and characterization of diaminomaleonitrile-functionalized polystyrene grafts for application in pervaporation separation

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamada Abdel-Razik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phenol Water ◽  
Pervaporation Separation ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractSynthesis, characterization and application of diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN)-functionalized polystyrene grafts were studied. Dibenzoyle peroxide (BP) was used as an initiator. Optimum conditions for grafting were found to be c(DAMN) = 0.5 M, c(BP) = 0.016 M, θ = 85 °C and t = 4 h. Water uptake of the polystyrene graft membranes was found to increase with the increase of the grafting yield. The chemical structure, thermal characteristics and thermal stability of the obtained membranes were investigated by means of FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Polystyrene graft membrane with the degree of grafting of up to 96 % was found to be useful for the pervaporation separation of phenol/water mixtures.

scholarly journals Morphological, Physiochemical and Thermal Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) Extracted from Bamboo Fiber

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masrat Rasheed ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Zoheb Karim ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bamboo Pulp ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Bamboo fibers are utilized for the production of various structures, building materials, etc. and is of great significance all over the world especially in southeast Asia. In this study, the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was performed using bamboo fibers through acid hydrolysis and subsequently different characterizations were carried out using various advanced techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis has indicated the removal of lignin from MCC extracted from bamboo pulp. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed rough surface and minor agglomeration of the MCC. Pure MCC, albeit with small quantities of impurities and residues, was obtained, as revealed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the increase in crystallinity from 62.5% to 82.6%. Furthermore, the isolated MCC has slightly higher crystallinity compared to commercial available MCC (74%). The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrate better thermal stability of isolated MCC compared to its starting material (Bamboo fibers). Thus, the isolated MCC might be used as a reinforcing element for the production of green composites and it can also be utilized as a starting material for the production of crystalline nanocellulose in future.

Experimental Investigation of Kevlar KM2Plus Nano-Reinforced Laminated Composite Thermo-Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad ◽  
Omar G. Ayad ◽  
Ashfakur Rahman ◽  
Ali Hilal-Alnaqbi ◽  
Basim I. Abu-Jdayil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This work is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced Kevlar KM2Plus composites with various MWCNT contents (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 wt. %), by the wet lay-up technique. These samples were experimentally investigated for their thermo-mechanical properties using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and three-point bending techniques. The mechanical properties showed remarkable improvement with increasing MWCNT wt.% up to certain content. The results revealed that the addition of MWCNT fillers has no significant effect on the thermal stability of the composites.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Polybenzamides Containing Siloxanes.

1988 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kumpf ◽  
Bernard Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Segmented Copolymers ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThree different kinds of siloxane-containing polybenzamide copolymers have been prepared: a series of siloxane-containing segmented copolymers; a siloxane-poly(benzamide) random copolymer; and a poly(benzamide) - poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymer. The structures of these copolymers were confirmed using diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. Dilute solution viscometery showed them to be high polymers. The thermal stabilities of these copolymers were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis. Incorporation of siloxane units via a phenyl link was found to not affect the inherent thermal stability of the poly(benzamide) chain. The solution phase behavior of these copolymers in DMAC/LiCl was studied using an optical microscope fitted with cross-polars. The segmented copolymers and the block copolymer exhibited lyotropic behavior, which was influenced by the amount of siloxane and the overall molecular architecture. Solutions of the random copolymer were isotropic at all concentrations studied.

scholarly journals PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA (MCC) BERBAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS)

Alotrop ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fepri Effendi ◽  
Rina Elvia ◽  
Hermansyah Amir
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

[PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) MADE FROM EMPTY PALM OIL BUNCHES (TKKS)] Empty Palm bunches (TKKS) is solid waste from industrial processing of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) that have a high cellulose content.  This research aims to synthesize Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from TKKS and determine the characteristics of the MCC produced. The manufacturing process begins with the MCC delignifikasi multistage pulping TKKS using mixed of 3.5% HNO3 and NaNO2 in temperatures of 90 ?C for 2 hours, followed by heating of a mixture of 2% NaOH and Na2SO3 2 % at temperature 50?C for 2 hours. The second stage of the lignification process is done using NaOH 17.5 %, followed by hydrolysis towards ?-Cellulose lignification results with heating in the aqueous solution of HCl at concentrations of 3, 3.5 and 4 M for 30, 45 and 60 minutes. From the results obtained from the hydrolysis of the optimum yield of 80.73 %, i.e., MCC that use concentration of HCl 3 M for 30 minutes.  MCC produced then analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and PSA. FTIR absorption for MCC results showed an of waves number on a 3375.43 cm-1 and 2899,01cm-1, indicating the presence of hydroxyl OH and CH.The results of the analysis with the PSA suggests that MCC has generated a measure of particle diameter 0.5281 µm. Using XRD analysis results that MCC has a degree of crystallinity of 86,79 %. And the results of testing the content of carbohydrates in MCC produced shows levels of carbohydrates of 88.36 %.

scholarly journals Characterization of cellulose nanocrystalline isolated from banana peduncles using acid hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Ratna ◽  
S Aprilia ◽  
N Arahman ◽  
A A Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powder ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Abstract The study aimed to characterize cellulose nanocrystalline (NCCs) from banana peduncles using acid hydrolysis. The NCCs isolation process was done by hydrolysis using H2SO4 with concentrations of 1M, 2M, and 3M at a microwave power of 100 Watts within 1 hour of hydrolysis. The product of NCCs was characterized in term of yield, chemical composition (by FTIR), and its crystallinity. The result showed that the highest yield of 88.33% was obtained in acid hydrolysis at the concentration of 1M H2SO4. The results of the FTIR test showed that non-cellulose content had been removed and demonstrated that the molecular structure of cellulose does not change even when treated at different acid concentrations. X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that crystallinity decreased by increasing the sulfamic acid concentration. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the heat resistance analysis and showed that the NCCs is gradually decomposed at a temperature range of 268.3–415.25 ¼C. The colour of cellulose nanocrystalline powder darkens as the sulfuric acid concentration increases.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Agar Blended Films: Part 2. Thermal, Mechanical, and Surface Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam A. Elhefian ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Abdul Hamid Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Static Water Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Chitosan/agar (CS/AG) films were prepared by blending different proportions of chitosan and agar (considering chitosan as the major component) in solution forms. The thermal stability of the blended films was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was revealed that chitosan and agar form a compatible blend. Studying the mechanical properties of the films showed a decrease in the tensile strength and elongation at break with increasing agar content. Blending of agar with chitosan at all proportions was found to form hydrogel films with enhanced swelling compared to the pure chitosan one. Static water contact angle measurements confirmed the increasing affinity of the blended films towards water suggesting that blending of agar with chitosan improves the wettability of the obtained films.

Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Empty Fruit Bunch Using Acid Hydrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Gie Gan ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Muhammad Faiq bin Abdullah ◽  
Nik Noriman bin Zulkepli ◽  
Yin Fong Yeong
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Cellulose

In recent years, there has been a great interest in the production of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) due to its excellent properties. In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) was used as the material for the production of NCC due to its high cellulose content, inexpensive and readily-available source. NCC was prepared using acid hydrolysis at 62% for 1 hours. The morphology of NCC was determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The size of NCC was less than 50 nm in width. The obtained NCC was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR spectra analysis showed that hemicellulose and lignin were mostly removed from the EFB after bleaching and alkaline pre-treatment. XRD diffractograms revealed that EFB nanocellulose showed a crystallinity improvement of 24.3% compared to raw EFB cellulose.

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