scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis with emphasis on serum zinc

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilima Barman ◽  
Debabrata Ghosh ◽  
Md Quddusur Rahman ◽  
Md Nasir Uddin ◽  
Sarmeen Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin and considered as a major threat to TB control worldwide. Limited data are available regarding risk factors and serum zinc status of MDR-TB in Bangladesh. Tuberculosis is a disease which blocks a key part of the body’s immune defense. As zinc deficiency causes immune suppression, we assume that it may play a role in the development of MDR-TB. So, this study was carried out to evaluate and assess the serum zinc level as well as different risk factors in patients of MDR-TB. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Clinical Pathology, in collaboration with Department of Public Health and Informatics, Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU and National tuberculosis referral laboratory (NTRL) in NIDCH, Mohakhali, Dhaka from March’ 2012 to February 2013.We enrolled 50 newly diagnosed cases of MDR-TB patients from NTRL and 50 age matched healthycontrols from a selective community Sirajdikhan Upazilla, Munshiganj District. The two groups were compared based on various demographic factors, behavioral factors, factors related with personal illness history and also laboratory related factors. Serum zinc deficiency, changing trend of number of family members, presence of smoking history, absence of BCG scar and past history of contact TB were statistically significant risk factors for development of MDR-TB in logistic regression model. In our study, we found the mean (SD) serum zinc level in case group 60.40 (8.91) ?g/dL and 84.00 (13.62) ?g/dL in healthy controls which was significant statistically. The risk factors that we found, specially lower level of serum zinc, are the major concern for the development of MDR-TB and attempt to minimize them might contribute to control TB DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21368 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 3-8

Serum Zinc Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Attending General and Specialty Hospitals, Yangon

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Cirrhosis Of Liver

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the common medical problem in daily clinical practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace elements for human and plays in many biological roles in the body. Among them, zinc deficiency is thought to be involved in metabolism of ammonia and causes hyperammonia that worsen hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to find out the severity of cirrhosis of liver was by Child Turcotte Pugh score and to investigate the associations between serum zinc level and severity of cirrhosis. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 78 patients with different underlying causes of cirrhosis of liver at the Medical Units of Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital. Among the study population, Child grade A was found to be 28.21%, Child grade B was 30.77% and Child grade C was 41.03%. Regarding result of serum zinc level, 62.8% were low level, 28.2% were within normal level and 8.9% were high level. Mean value of serum zinc level in grade A was 0.68 mg/l, grade B was 0.54 mg/l and grade C was 0.48 mg/l (p=0.00). It was found out that there was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in severe cirrhotic patients. The zinc level was significantly lowest among patients with Child-Pugh C as compare to those with Child-Pugh B and C. Severity of zinc deficiency should be requested for supplementation therapy in cirrhotic patients as to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Screening for zinc deficiency may need in these patients with more advanced cirrhosis because it seems to be a marker of advanced liver disease and it can be deducted that awareness of serum zinc level among cirrhotic patients is very important in clinical practice.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG RELAPSED PATIENTS IN WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA: A DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD A. WIJAYANTO ◽  
RAIHAN A. ARNANDA ◽  
EDO P. THAMRIN
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Mdr Tb

Objective: Indonesia has one of the highest burdens of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), with 6800 new cases of MDR-TB annually and a previously reported cure rate of 51%. This study aimed to identify the risk factors that affect the development of MDR-TB in the diverse population of West Papua. Methods: A case–control study was conducted in Sorong Regency Regional Hospital, a referral center for MDR-TB in West Papua. Data were obtained from medical records of patients with relapsed TB between January 2014 and September 2017. Extracted data included demographic characteristics, family history, medication history (type of medication and duration), smoking history, supporting examinations (sputum test for acid-fast bacilli [AFB] and radiologist interpretation of thoracic X-ray), and comorbidities (HIV and diabetes mellitus). Results: Among 549 patients with suspected MDR-TB, 45 were confirmed to have MDR-TB. These 45 patients were defined as the case group and compared with a control group of 45 relapsed patients who had drug-sensitive TB. A great number of subjects in both case and control groups (44.4% and 57.8%) were categorized as previously lost to follow-up. Bivariate analysis using the chi-squared test found that an AFB result of+3 (odds ratio [OR]: 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–16.09), diabetes mellitus (OR: 6.14, 95% CI 1.26–29.89), and completion of intensive-phase category I anti-TB therapy (OR: 3.25, 95% CI 1.04–10.07) were associated with MDR-TB. Conclusion: These clinical variables provide initial information about MDR-TB in West Papua and will assist clinicians to manage patients in related populations who have these risk factors.

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY AND ZINC DEFICIENCY

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
TOSHIRO KUMAKAWA ◽  
TAKAHITO KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Zinc Level

A 60-year-old female was hospitalized because of anemia, edema, and diarrhea. She was diagnosed as having short bowel syndrome. The patient developed acrodermatitis enteropathica and taste impairment. Laboratory data showed that the serum zinc level was 21 μ g/dl and erythrocyte CAI specific activity was 0 units/mg isozyme (normal range 0.37 ± 0.08 units/mg isozyme) and CAII specific activity was 2.99 units/mg isozyme (normal range 3.02 ± 0.05 units/mg isozyme). The patient was diagnosed as being in a zinc deficient status. Zinc supplementation resulted in the disappearance of these complications. The serum zinc level reached 50 μ g/dl and erythrocyte CAI specific activity was recovered to 0.26 units/mg isozyme and CAII specific activity was 1.60 units/mg isozyme. CAI is found in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, in vascular epithelium, corneal, lens, ciliary body epithelium, and in sweat glands. CAII is found in virtually all tissues and is especially abundant in secretory and absorbing epithelia. The tissue distribution of CAI corresponds to clinical and physiologic indicators of zinc deficiency. Thus, the erythrocyte CAI specific activity may reflect the actual tissue zinc deficiency status.

scholarly journals Retrospective study revealed that Zn relate to improvement of swallowing function in the older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumika Seki ◽  
Kota Ishizawa ◽  
Tetsuya Akaishi ◽  
Michiaki Abe ◽  
Koji Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background Zinc is an essential micronutrient for maintaining biological activity. The level of zinc in the blood is known to decrease with age, especially in those over 75 years of age. In older adults patients with impaired functional status, aspiration pneumonia based on dysphagia often becomes problematic. However, the relationship between zinc deficiency and swallowing function has not been studied before. Methods A total of 52 older adults subjects (15 males and 37 females) living in a nursing home were enrolled for this study. At the time of enrollment, data of gender, age, body weight, serum zinc levels, serum albumin levels, and the time in a simple 2-step swallowing provocation test (S-SPT) were collected. In patients with serum zinc levels < 60 μg/dL, we initiated 2 months of oral zinc supplementation therapy with a 34 mg/day zinc load. Those who underwent zinc supplementation were re-evaluated after the treatment period and serum zinc levels and S-SPT time were measured. Results At the time of enrollment, serum zinc level was significantly correlated with serum albumin levels (Pearson’s R = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (Spearman’s rho = − 0.32, p = 0.0219). Twenty-five of the 52 patients had zinc deficiency with a serum zinc level < 60 μg/dL. After 2 months of oral zinc supplementation, both serum zinc levels (p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (p = 0.04) significantly improved. Meanwhile, serum albumin level (p = 0.48) or body weight (p = 0.07) did not significantly change following zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation significantly improved swallowing function, especially in the older adults who had comorbid dysphagia and zinc deficiency. Conclusions Zinc deficiency is associated with compromised swallowing function in older adults patients with impaired general functions. Oral zinc supplementation can alleviate dysphagia in older adults patients with zinc deficiency even though this is a retrospective study. Further study will be needed to confirm this positive effect.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc Levels of Under Five Children with Diarrheal Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
U. P. Ikejiaku ◽  
I. Anochie ◽  
E. C. Nwolisa ◽  
F. U. Iregbu ◽  
I. B. Amamilo
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Persistent Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children below five years of age especially in developing countries. One of the consequences of diarrhoea in children is zinc deficiency, which may worsen the diarrhoea itself, and thus increase morbidity and mortality. Aim and Objectives: The study aimed to determine the serum zinc status of under five children with diarrhoea attending Federal Medical Centre Owerri. Also, to compare the serum zinc level between children with diarrhoea and their age and sex-matched controls, as well as determine the relationship, if any between types of diarrhoea, and frequency of diarrhoea episodes. Methodology: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out at the Emergency Paediatric Unit, The Children’s Outpatient Clinic and The Children’s Ward of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. A total of 402 study participants were analyzed. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data including participants’ socio demographic characteristics, the clinical presentation of the present diarrhoeal episode, as well as the frequency and duration of diarrhoeal episodes in the preceding year. Serum zinc was assessed using Varian AA240 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The prevalence of zinc deficiency in children with diarrhoea was 84.1% while that of children without diarrhoea was 56.2%. Mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in children with diarrhoea when compared to their age and sex matched controls (p=0.000). All children with persistent diarrhoea and dysentery had zinc deficiency. Children with persistent diarrhoea had significantly lower serum levels when compared to children with acute watery diarrhoea. There was a negative correlation between serum zinc level and frequency of stool, duration of the present episode of diarrhoea, frequency of diarrhoea episodes, and the duration of each episode of diarrhoea in the preceding year and the severity of dehydration. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the present recommendation of the World Health Organization for zinc supplementation in children with diarrhoea, and recommends that children with persistent diarrhoea should have longer treatment with zinc tablets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of serum zinc level and IL-18 mRNA expression in children with pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Shixiong Yang ◽  
Jin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Zinc Levels

Pneumonia is currently one of the leading causes of death in children. Increased susceptibility to pneumonia may be due to their decreased immunity. One of the reasons for the decrease in immunity is zinc deficiency. In children with pneumonia, on the other hand, some cytokines are secreted, resulting in inflammation that spreads, persists, and makes treatment difficult for specialists. In this study, we investigated the serum zinc level in children with pneumonia and healthy children. Also, we tried to find its relationship with IL-18 mRNA expression as an inflammatory cytokine. For this purpose, serum zinc levels and IL-18 mRNA expression were evaluated in 120 children aged 3-60 months with pneumonia and 120 healthy children. After taking 2ml of blood from children and measuring serum zinc level, the level of the IL-18 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Total RNA was extracted by bioZOL™-G RNA Isolation Reagent kit. The primary cDNA was amplified by the extracted RNA, and in the next step, 2µl of cDNA were amplified by specific primers to measure IL-18 mRNA. The Beta-actin gene was also used as internal control and housekeeping gene. Results showed that the level of zinc in the patient group was 412.625±28.87?M and in the control group was 514.40±49.67?M. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.0053). Also, the expression of the IL-18 gene was increased in children with pneumonia, significantly (P=0.0015). Therefore, from the results, it can be deduced that children with zinc deficiency were at higher risk for a lung infection. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 also were increased in these children. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc levels can reduce the expression of IL-18 mRNA and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of children with pneumonia.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children with acute diarrhoea in SouthWestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
Olufunmilola O Abolurin ◽  
Oyeku A Oyelami ◽  
Saheed B Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Zinc deficiency has been associated with increased incidence, severity and duration of childhood diarrhoea. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among under-five children with acute diarrhoea. Methods: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study in which serum zinc levels were determined using atomic absorp- tion spectrometry in under-five children with acute diarrhoea and in apparently healthy contols. Two hundred and fifty children with acute diarrhoea and 250 controls were studied at the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria. Results: The diarrhoea patients had a mean ± SD serum zinc level of 78.8 ± 35.6 µg/dl, while the controls had a mean of 107.3 ± 46.8 µg/dl. The mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in the patients than the controls (t = -7.66; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of zinc deficiency was significantly higher among the patients (30.4% versus 12.4% in the controls; OR = 3.09; 95% CI = 1.94 – 4.90; χ2 = 24.08; p < 0.001). Low social class was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of zinc deficiency among the patients (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in the study community. Hence, routine zinc supplementation should be encouraged for the treatment of diarrhoea, and availability should be ensured. Keywords: Zinc deficiency; diarrhoea; children; Nigeria. 

Evaluation of the serum zinc level in adult patients with melasma: Is there a relationship with serum zinc deficiency and melasma?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Rostami Mogaddam ◽  
Nastaran safavi Ardabili ◽  
Manouchehr Iranparvar Alamdari ◽  
Nasrollah Maleki ◽  
Maryam Aghabalaei Danesh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Serum Zinc Level

scholarly journals Acute Diarrhea in Exclusively Breast Fed Infants in relation to Zinc Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431-1435
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Zinc deficiency is associated with alteration in gastrointestinal tract structure, function, and impaired immune function. Aim: To analyze the effects of zinc deficiency on the occurrence of acute diarrhea in exclusively breast-fed infants. Methods: In a case-control study, including a total of 72 exclusively breast-fed infants aged ≤ 6 months, 34 of them with acute diarrhea were in the study group and 38 infants as the healthy control group. Demographic characteristics of all infants and their parents were studied. Serum Zinc level was measured for all participants. Results: Zinc level had significant (p-value =0.000) differences between infants with acute diarrhea and the healthy control group. The mean serum zinc value ± SEM in children with acute diarrhea was 63.11 ± 1.7 which was significantly (p = 0.000) different from the mean serum zinc value ± SEM (78.6 ± 1.6) in healthy infants. A cut-off value 60.6μg/dl of total serum zinc level was significantly (p = 0.000) associated with a sensitivity of 100 % with the occurrence of acute diarrhea among exclusively breast-fed infants. Conclusions: Low serum zinc level is associated with the occurrence of acute diarrhea in exclusively breast-fed infants. A cutoff serum zinc value of 60.6 μg/dl has 100% sensitivity with the occurrence of acute diarrhea among breast-fed infants. Keywords: Zinc deficiency, diarrhea, infants, breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Association between Reduced Serum Zinc and Diastolic Dysfunction in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Jiun-Chi Huang ◽  
Ya-Chin Huang ◽  
Pei-Yu Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsien Lee ◽  
Yi-Chun Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Diastolic dysfunction is an emerging challenge among hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the associations between serum zinc with echocardiographic parameters and diastolic function remain uncertain. A total of 185 maintenance HD patients were stratified by the tertiles of serum zinc level to compare their clinical characteristics and echocardiography. Correlations of serum zinc levels with echocardiographic parameters were examined using Pearson’s analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of E/e’ ratio >15 and left atrial volume index (LAVI) > 34 mL/m2, both indicators of diastolic dysfunction. Patients belonging to the first tertile of serum zinc level had a significantly higher E/e’ ratio and LAVI. Serum zinc levels were negatively correlated with E (r = −0.204, p = 0.005), E/e’ ratio (r = −0.217, p = 0.003), and LAVI (r = −0.197, p = 0.007). In a multivariate analysis, older age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.950–0.999, p = 0.039) were significantly associated with E/e’ ratio >15. Furthermore, diabetes and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.958–0.999, p = 0.041) were significantly associated with LAVI >34 mL/m2. Reduced serum zinc level was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction among HD patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate whether zinc supplementation can attenuate cardiac dysfunction in maintenance HD patients.

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