A comparative study of the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children with acute diarrhoea in SouthWestern Nigeria

Background: Zinc deficiency has been associated with increased incidence, severity and duration of childhood diarrhoea. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among under-five children with acute diarrhoea. Methods: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study in which serum zinc levels were determined using atomic absorp- tion spectrometry in under-five children with acute diarrhoea and in apparently healthy contols. Two hundred and fifty children with acute diarrhoea and 250 controls were studied at the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria. Results: The diarrhoea patients had a mean ± SD serum zinc level of 78.8 ± 35.6 µg/dl, while the controls had a mean of 107.3 ± 46.8 µg/dl. The mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in the patients than the controls (t = -7.66; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of zinc deficiency was significantly higher among the patients (30.4% versus 12.4% in the controls; OR = 3.09; 95% CI = 1.94 – 4.90; χ2 = 24.08; p < 0.001). Low social class was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of zinc deficiency among the patients (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in the study community. Hence, routine zinc supplementation should be encouraged for the treatment of diarrhoea, and availability should be ensured. Keywords: Zinc deficiency; diarrhoea; children; Nigeria.

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Serum Zinc Levels of Under Five Children with Diarrheal Disease

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i2430745 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

U. P. Ikejiaku ◽

I. Anochie ◽

E. C. Nwolisa ◽

F. U. Iregbu ◽

I. B. Amamilo

Keyword(s):

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Medical Centre ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Persistent Diarrhoea ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Age And Sex

Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children below five years of age especially in developing countries. One of the consequences of diarrhoea in children is zinc deficiency, which may worsen the diarrhoea itself, and thus increase morbidity and mortality. Aim and Objectives: The study aimed to determine the serum zinc status of under five children with diarrhoea attending Federal Medical Centre Owerri. Also, to compare the serum zinc level between children with diarrhoea and their age and sex-matched controls, as well as determine the relationship, if any between types of diarrhoea, and frequency of diarrhoea episodes. Methodology: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out at the Emergency Paediatric Unit, The Children’s Outpatient Clinic and The Children’s Ward of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. A total of 402 study participants were analyzed. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data including participants’ socio demographic characteristics, the clinical presentation of the present diarrhoeal episode, as well as the frequency and duration of diarrhoeal episodes in the preceding year. Serum zinc was assessed using Varian AA240 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The prevalence of zinc deficiency in children with diarrhoea was 84.1% while that of children without diarrhoea was 56.2%. Mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in children with diarrhoea when compared to their age and sex matched controls (p=0.000). All children with persistent diarrhoea and dysentery had zinc deficiency. Children with persistent diarrhoea had significantly lower serum levels when compared to children with acute watery diarrhoea. There was a negative correlation between serum zinc level and frequency of stool, duration of the present episode of diarrhoea, frequency of diarrhoea episodes, and the duration of each episode of diarrhoea in the preceding year and the severity of dehydration. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the present recommendation of the World Health Organization for zinc supplementation in children with diarrhoea, and recommends that children with persistent diarrhoea should have longer treatment with zinc tablets.

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Serum Zinc Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Attending General and Specialty Hospitals, Yangon

Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.34299/mhsrj.00956 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 251-256

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Zinc Level ◽

The Body ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Cirrhosis Of Liver

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the common medical problem in daily clinical practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace elements for human and plays in many biological roles in the body. Among them, zinc deficiency is thought to be involved in metabolism of ammonia and causes hyperammonia that worsen hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to find out the severity of cirrhosis of liver was by Child Turcotte Pugh score and to investigate the associations between serum zinc level and severity of cirrhosis. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 78 patients with different underlying causes of cirrhosis of liver at the Medical Units of Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital. Among the study population, Child grade A was found to be 28.21%, Child grade B was 30.77% and Child grade C was 41.03%. Regarding result of serum zinc level, 62.8% were low level, 28.2% were within normal level and 8.9% were high level. Mean value of serum zinc level in grade A was 0.68 mg/l, grade B was 0.54 mg/l and grade C was 0.48 mg/l (p=0.00). It was found out that there was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in severe cirrhotic patients. The zinc level was significantly lowest among patients with Child-Pugh C as compare to those with Child-Pugh B and C. Severity of zinc deficiency should be requested for supplementation therapy in cirrhotic patients as to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Screening for zinc deficiency may need in these patients with more advanced cirrhosis because it seems to be a marker of advanced liver disease and it can be deducted that awareness of serum zinc level among cirrhotic patients is very important in clinical practice.

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Association of Serum Zinc Level with Febrile Seizures in Children

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i55b33866 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 200-203

Author(s):

Maryum Naveed ◽

Rimsha Mohsin ◽

Palwasha Khan

Keyword(s):

Febrile Seizure ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Febrile Convulsion ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Febrile seizure (FS), previously known as febrile convulsion, is the most common seizure in children. FS usually occurs between six months and five years of age. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the association of serum zinc level with febrile seizures in children of Pakistan. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore during June 2020 to January 2021. The data was collected from 164 patients of both genders. Results: The data was collected from 164 patients. In the case group, 46 children were male (53.3%), and 36 children (46.7%) were female. In the control group 44 children were male (43.3%) and 38 children were female (56.7%). The age of all participants was between one months and six years. Conclusion: It is concluded that low serum zinc levels are fairly un-sufficient to support the hypothesis that Zinc deficiency could not be a potential risk factor for febrile seizure in children.

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Estimation of serum zinc levels in children with febrile convulsions

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182556 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1518 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ubaidur Rehman H. ◽

Shamshad Ahmed Khan ◽

Prakash R. Saldanha

Keyword(s):

Serum Zinc ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Serum Zinc Levels

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common form of convulsion in children with the aged between 6 months to 6 years. Diﬀerent studies have shown that reduction of zinc leads to the incidence of febrile seizures in children. This study was conducted with the goal of examination of the zinc level in the patients with Febrile Seizures.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 children in two equal groups of children with febrile seizures, febrile children without seizures. In order to examine the zinc level blood samples were taken of all subjects and the zinc level of these patients was determined. The data was analyzed using the SPSS-16 statistical software and by descriptive statistical tests.Results: 31 males (47.2%) and 19 female children (52.8%) with the average age of 27.23±15.3 months were examined. The two groups had no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in terms of age and sex. The average of zinc level in the patients with Febrile Seizures was 57.4 µg/dL and it was 116 µg/dL in the febrile children without FS there was a signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the two groups in terms of the zinc level (P=0.01).Conclusions: The low serum zinc level in the group of patients with Febrile Seizures compared with children without febrile seizures indicate the existence of a relationship between the serum zinc level and development of FS in children aged between 6 months and 6 years.

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Serum Zinc Status During Different Trimesters of Gestation

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8085 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

Nushrat Noor ◽

Nasim Jahan ◽

Nayma Sultana ◽

Rezina Akter

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Micronutrient Status ◽

Serum Zn

Background: Hypozincemia may be found in different trimesters of pregnancy. Gradual alteration of this micronutrient status during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Objective: To measure serum zinc level of pregnant women in different trimesters in order to find out their micronutrient status. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. 90 normal pregnant women, age ranged from 20 to 30 years were included in the study group (Group-B) which was further divided into group B1 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 1st trimester, group B2 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 2nd trimester and group B3 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 3rd trimester. Age matched 30 apparently healthy nonpregnant women (Group A) were also selected by for comparison. Serum zinc level was measured by Spectrophotometric method and serum total protein and albumin levels were estimated by standard laboratory technique. Statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA & Spearman rank Correlation as applicable. Result: In this study, serum Zn level was significantly lower in 1st (p<0.01), 2nd and 3rd trimester (p<0.001) of pregnant women in comparison to that of non-pregnant women. Again, this value was significantly (p<0.001) lower in 3rd trimester than those of 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnant women. Moreover, serum Zn concentration showed negative correlation (r=-0.621) with different trimesters of gestation and this correlation was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study reveals that gradual hypozincemia was observed in pregnant women from 1st to 3rd trimester of gestation. Key words: Serum zinc; Trimester; Pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8085 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 52-57

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Is Serum Zinc Level Associated with Prediabetes and Diabetes?: A Cross-Sectional Study from Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0061776 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. e61776 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽

Iqbal Arslan ◽

John Attia ◽

Mark McEvoy ◽

Patrick McElduff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional

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Implication of serum zinc level with duration and clinical type of vitiligo

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v6i2.29123 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Sohail Mirza ◽

Mohammad Eakub Ali ◽

Lubna Khondker ◽

Md. Shirajul Islam Khan ◽

Nadia Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Medical University ◽

The Relationship

Background: Vitiligo is a common dermatological disorder characterized by acquired, idiopathic, progressive, hypomelanosis of the skin and hair, with total absence of melanocytes microscopically. Objective: The study was conducted to find out the relationship between serum zinc level and clinical spectrum of vitiligo. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the departmenl of Dermatology and Venereology and department of Biochemistry, Bangabandbu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh and the period of study was from May 2010 to October 2011. Results: The mean difference of sernm zinc level in male and female of both groups were significant (p<0.05) but the mean serum zinc level was not significantly different (p>0.05) among various clinical types ofvitiligo. ln case oflocalized vitiligo mean serum zinc level was 755.3 ± 288.6, in case of acrofacial viriligo mean serum zinc level was 821.4 ± 259.6 and in case of generalized vitiligo mean sernm zinc level was 771.6 ± 222.2. The difference of mean sernm zinc level observed between family history positive and negative group were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The difference of mean senun zinc level was also not statistically significant (p>0.05) among <1 year, 1-10 years and 11-20 years duration groups of vitiligo patients. A negative correlation (r = -0.227) was observed between duration of symptom with senun zinc level in this study. Conclusion: This study showed low level of serum zinc in vitiligo patients. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings and multicenter study should be carried out to reveal the accurate pattern of zinc status in vitiligo.

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A Study of Serum Zinc level in Cirrhosis of Liver

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.3329/bjmb.v5i2.13340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

F Atia ◽

N Sultana ◽

S Ahmed ◽

S Ferdousi ◽

R Sultana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Zinc Level ◽

Serum Zinc Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Cirrhosis Of Liver ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Age Range

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver diseases. Zinc is a micronutrient that plays an important role in the function of liver. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, from July 2010 to June 2011 to observe the association of serum zinc level with liver cirrhosis. A total of 100 adults, both males and females with age range of 18-60 years, of which 50 were healthy subjects and 50 adult hospitalised cirrhotic patients were selected purposively for the study according to selection crieteria. Fasting serum zinc level was measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc level was found to be low in 72% patients. Mean ±SD of serum zinc levels (?g/L) were 610.32 ± 169.60 and 827.66 ± 267.32 in cases and controls respectively. In cirrhotic patients serum zinc level was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.001). Though, it is difficult to draw any definite conclusion from this study, because of reduced level serum of zinc found in cirrhotics, Zn may be supplemented to them with a hope of better treatment response. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i2.13340 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(2): 44-47

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Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/8237101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Agune Ashole Alto ◽

Wanzahun Godana ◽

Genet Gedamu

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

The Impact ◽

Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

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Pattern of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Among Anemic Under-Five Children of Northern Bangladesh: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-157764/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Abdur Rafi ◽

M. Morsed Zaman ◽

Md. Golam Hossain

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Severe Form ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hemoglobin E ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Thalassemia Minor ◽

Different Types

Abstract Background Congenital hemoglobin defects are significant global health concern affecting more than 330,000 newborns every year. In Bangladesh more than half of the under-five children are anemic, but the contribution of hemoglobin disorders to childhood anemia is quite unexplored. Hence, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of hemoglobinopathies among anemic under-five (age 6–59 months) children visiting the hematology department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study among anemic patients aged between 6 to 59 months conducted in the hematology department of RMCH from July 2018 to June 2020. The guideline of WHO was used to define the severity of anemia. Hemoglobinopathies was measured using standard methods. Chi-square test was used to find the association between two categorical factors. Results Female and younger children included in the study were more likely to suffer from moderate to severe form of anemia compared to their counterparts. Out of 534 patients 183 were suffering from different types of hemoglobinopathies (prevalence 34.3%). E-β-Thalassemia was the most common type of hemoglobinopathy (14%) followed by Hemoglobin E trait (11%) and β-Thalassemia minor (5.6%). Prevalence of these hemoglobin disorders was comparatively higher among female and older children (p < 0.05). Patients with E-β-Thalassemia and β-Thalassemia major of our study were mostly suffering from severe form of anemia while patients with hemoglobin E trait and β-Thalassemia minor were mostly suffering from mild anemia (p < 0.01). Conclusions A remarkable number of children were suffering from severe anemia and different types of hemoglobinopathies. Gender and age group were the risk factors of anemia and hemoglobinopathies among under-five children. Health authorities of Bangladesh should especially take care of anemic children in this country.

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