scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of arsenic on aerobic gut flora in rat

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubaida Khatoon Choudhry ◽  
Mir Misbahuddin ◽  
A.K.M. Mosharrof Hossain ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Ad Libitum

An in vivo study was carried on rats to see the influence of arsenic on aerobic gut flora. A significant inhibition of gut flora was observed after 2 weeks of administration of arsenic (1 mg/L) ad libitum with a decrease in stool arsenic level and increase in liver arsenic level. However, this inhibitory effect of arsenic on gut flora was not observed in presence of vitamin E (1 mg/day) or selenium (0.4 mg/day). Pretreatment with streptomycin (500 mg twice daily) showed similar results. Rats that received folic acid (200 mg/day) showed inhibition of gut floral count but there were decreased liver arsenic level.Keywords: Aerobic; Arsenic; Gut flora; RatOnline: 8 Feb 2010DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v35i3.4205Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 79-83

scholarly journals Variation in response to selenium folic acid and vitamin E in arsenic exposed aerobic flora in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZK Choudhry ◽  
M Misbahuddin ◽  
UKFK Mojlish
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Aerobic Flora ◽  
Arsenic Excretion

Gut bacteria are considered to be body's first line of defense against ingested xenobiotics. Various nutritional and environmental factors play a role in bacterial growth and multiplication. Bacteria exposed to arsenic in high concentration for a long period showed growth inhibition. Influence of nutrition on bacterial growth and multiplication was observed by giving selenium (0.4 ?g/day), vitamin E (1 mg/day), folic acid (200 ?g/day) supplementation. Selenium and vitamin E were able to overcome the inhibitory effect of arsenic on gut flora. Selenium not only increased gut bacterial count, it also increased arsenic excretion in stool. Folic acid could not overcome the inhibitory effect of arsenic on gut flora but there was significant decrease in liver arsenic level suggestive of hepatic mehylation of arsenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v4i2.13770 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2011; 4(2): 13-16

scholarly journals The metabolism of amiodarone by various CYP isoenzymes of human and rat, and the inhibitory influence of ketoconazole

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa E. Elsherbiny ◽  
Ayman O.S. El-Kadi ◽  
Dion R. Brocks
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Intrinsic Clearance ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Relative Kinetic ◽  
Cyp Isoforms ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vivo Administration

PURPOSE. To evaluate the metabolism of amiodarone (AM) to desethylamiodarone (DEA) by selected human and rat cytochrome P450, and the inhibitory effect of ketoconazole (KTZ). METHODS. Some important CYP isoenzymes (rat CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 2D1, 2D2, and 3A1 and human CYP1A1, 1A2, 2D6 and 3A4) were spiked with various concentrations of AM to determine the relative kinetic parameters for formation of DEA in the presence and absence of various concentrations of KTZ. RESULTS. The formation of DEA was observed when AM was exposed to each of the CYP tested, although the rates were varied. Human CYP1A1 followed by 3A4 had the highest intrinsic clearance (CLint) for DEA formation whereas in rat, CYP2D1 followed by CYP2C11 had the highest CLint. Human and rat CYP1A2 seemed to have the lowest CLint. At high concentrations of AM and KTZ, near those expected in vivo, significant inhibition of all isoforms except for rat CYP1A2 was observed. At lower concentration ranges of both drugs, the inhibitory constant was determined. At these levels, KTZ was found to potently inhibit human CYP1A1 and 3A4 and rat 2D2 and 1A1. CONCLUSION. Human CYP1A1 and 3A4 and rat CYP2D1 and 2C11 were most efficient in converting AM to DEA. For DEA formation, the in vivo administration of KTZ could inhibit other CYP isoforms besides CYP3A in human and rat.

scholarly journals Inhibition of α-Glucosidase, Intestinal Glucose Absorption, and Antidiabetic Properties by Caralluma europaea

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Ouassou ◽  
Touda Zahidi ◽  
Saliha Bouknana ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Hassane Mekhfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Many medicinal plants around the world are used for therapeutic purposes against several diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Due to their composition of natural substances that are effective and do not represent side effects for users, unlike synthetic drugs, in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Caralluma europaea (CE) on α-glucosidase activity in vitro; then the kinetics of the enzyme were studied with increasing concentrations of sucrose in order to determine the inhibition type of the enzyme. In addition, this effect of Caralluma europaea (CE) was confirmed in vivo using rats as an experimental animal model. Among the five fractions of CE, only the ethyl acetate fraction of C. europaea (EACe) induced a significant inhibition of α-glucosidase and its inhibition mode was competitive. The in vivo studies were conducted on mice and rats using glucose and sucrose as a substrate, respectively, to determine the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The results obtained showed that the EACe and the aqueous extract of C. europaea (AECe) have significantly reduced the postprandial hyperglycemia after sucrose and glucose loading in normal and diabetic rats. AECe, also, significantly decreased intestinal glucose absorption, in situ. The results obtained showed that Caralluma europaea has a significant antihyperglycemic activity, which could be due to the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and enteric absorption of glucose.

scholarly journals Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammation Effect Mechanisms of Mutants of Syb-prII, a Recombinant Neurotoxic Polypeptide

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Chunli Li ◽  
Mengqi Ban ◽  
Fei Bai ◽  
Jianzhao Chen ◽  
Xiaoquan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Inflammatory Nociception ◽  
Channel Currents

Syb-prII, a recombinant neurotoxic polypeptide, has analgesic effects with medicinal value. Previous experiments indicated that Syb-prII displayed strong analgesic activities. Therefore, a series of in vivo and vitro experiments were designed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and possible mechanisms of Syb-prII. The results showed that administered Syb-prII-1 and Syb-prII-2 (0.5, 1, 2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) to mice significantly reduced the time of licking, biting, or flicking of paws in two phases in formalin-induced inflammatory nociception. Syb-prII-1 inhibited xylene-induced auricular swelling in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of 2.0 mg/kg Syb-prII-1 on the ear swelling model was comparable to that of 200 mg/kg aspirin. In addition, the ELISA and Western blot analysis suggested that Syb-prII-1 and Syb-prII-2 may exert an analgesic effect by inhibiting the expression of Nav1.8 and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38. Syb-prII-1 markedly suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α of mice in formalin-induced inflammatory nociception. We used the patch-clamp technique and investigated the effect of Syb-prII-1 on TTX-resistant sodium channel currents in acutely isolated rat DRG neurons. The results showed that Syb-prII-1 can significantly down regulate TTX-resistant sodium channel currents. In conclusion, Syb-prII mutants may alleviate inflammatory pain by significantly inhibiting the expression of Nav1.8, mediated by the phosphorylation of MAPKs and significant inhibition of TTX-resistant sodium channel currents.

scholarly journals Study on liver arsenic level in antibiotic treated rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Zubaida Khatoon Choudhry ◽  
Munira Afrin ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
UKF Mojlish
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Period Increase ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rats treated with arsenic (1mg/L) in drinking ad libitum an increase in liver tissue arsenic was observed when orally pretreated with streptomycin (500mg twice daily). Inhibition of gut flora was confirmed by microscopic examination of stool. Control group showed a mean gut-bacterial count of 7.13-7.26×108cfu/g dry weight of stool, when administered with streptomycin orally (500mg twice daily) gut-bacterial count was not countable on day 7. Liver tissue arsenic level increased to 5.78 mg/g of liver tissue compared to that of the control group of 3.33mg/g of liver tissue. A decrease in gut-bacterial count of 2.83×108 cfu/g dry weight of stool was observed on day 14 in rats that were not pretreated with streptomycin but received only arsenic (1mg/L) in drinking water ad libitum throughout the study period. Increase in liver arsenic level in this group was almost similar to that of streptomycin pretreated rats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15624 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No. 1, April, 2013, Page 51-54

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