scholarly journals Study on liver arsenic level in antibiotic treated rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Zubaida Khatoon Choudhry ◽  
Munira Afrin ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
UKF Mojlish
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Period Increase ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rats treated with arsenic (1mg/L) in drinking ad libitum an increase in liver tissue arsenic was observed when orally pretreated with streptomycin (500mg twice daily). Inhibition of gut flora was confirmed by microscopic examination of stool. Control group showed a mean gut-bacterial count of 7.13-7.26×108cfu/g dry weight of stool, when administered with streptomycin orally (500mg twice daily) gut-bacterial count was not countable on day 7. Liver tissue arsenic level increased to 5.78 mg/g of liver tissue compared to that of the control group of 3.33mg/g of liver tissue. A decrease in gut-bacterial count of 2.83×108 cfu/g dry weight of stool was observed on day 14 in rats that were not pretreated with streptomycin but received only arsenic (1mg/L) in drinking water ad libitum throughout the study period. Increase in liver arsenic level in this group was almost similar to that of streptomycin pretreated rats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15624 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No. 1, April, 2013, Page 51-54

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT ON INJURED LIVER INDUCED BY ACETAAMINOPHEN IN RABBITS ADULT MALE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Mashi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Tea Extract

Green tea is consider as a natural sources of antioxidants used to treat pathological changes occurring as a result of using of many drugs  particularly in the liver tissue. Forty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (10 rabbits /group) and were treated daily for 30 days as follows: first group (c): is the control group , second group (T1) : rabbits in this group were allowed to ad libitum supply of drinking water containing 2.5 gm /kg b.w of green tea extract , Third group (T2):  rabbits in this group received 500 mg/kg b.w. of acetaminophen orally,  fourth group (T3) : rabbits in this group were allowed to ad libitum supply of drinking water containing 2.5 gm /kg b.w. of green tea extract and received 500mg/kg b.w. of Acetaminophen orally. blood samples were collected for measuring the liver enzymes, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood serum at 15 and 30 days of experience. The results of this study revealed that oral intubation of acetaminophen for 30 days caused hepatic dysfunction manifested by a significant elevation(P<0.05)  in the serum AST,ALT ALP cholesterol  and  triglyceride while the animals received GTE   with acetaminophen (T3)  for 30 days showed a considerable decrease(P<0.05)  in serum AST, ALT,ALP, cholesterol  and  triglyceride levels. The histological section  showed pathological changes in the liver tissue in (T2) group while giving green tea with acetaminophen was effective in modified these changes into semi normal.

scholarly journals Effects of Liquid Yucca Supplementation on Nitrogen Excretion, Intestinal Bacteria, Biochemical and Performance Parameters in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Mousa Ayoub ◽  
Hamada Ahmed ◽  
Kadry Sadek ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Hack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was done to determine the impacts Yucca schidigera supplementation to drinking water on the excretion of nitrogen, and subsequently the level of ammonia, intestinal bacterial count, hematological and biochemical parameters, and some performance parameters. A total of 270 one-day old Cobb 500 chicks were equally divided into three groups (90 chicks/group). The first control group (G1) was fed on the basal diets without any yucca supplementation. The 2nd and 3rd groups (G2 and G3) were fed on basal diets with Yucca Plus liquid®, at an 8 h/day supplementation rate of 0.5, and 1 mL/L to drinking water, respectively. The chicks that received yucca showed significant decreases in litter nitrogen content, when compared to controls. The chicks that received liquid yucca had reduced counts of total bacteria (TBC) (p < 0.05), Escherichia coli, and a non-significant increase in the number of lactic acid producing bacteria. They also showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased levels of immunoglobulins M and G, and decreased levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers, without a harmful effect on liver and kidney function. The chicks that received yucca showed a better feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, the use of natural additives is necessary to decrease nitrogen losses, feed cost, and environmental pollution; without adverse impacts on animal performance. Liquid supplementation of saponins is valuable for the performance, gut health, and welfare of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals The effects of water deprivation-induced dehydration on serum acute phase protein concentrations in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
C. DINLER AY ◽  
B. ULUTAS
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of dehydration on serum acute phase proteins (APPs) concentrations are unknown in sheep. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of dehydration on the blood concentrations of serum amyloid a (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and fibrinogen (Fb) in Kivircik cross-breeds sheep. The animal materials of the study consisted of 20 healthy sheep. They were divided into 4 equal groups: systemic inflammation group (SIG), a single dose of 5 ml Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) was administered intramuscularly, drinking water were provided as ad libitum; dehydration group (DEH), a single dose of 5 ml placebo 0.9% NaCl was administered intramuscularly and water was deprived for consecutive 5 days; systemic inflammation+dehydrationgroup (SIG+DEH), a single dose of 5 ml FCA was administered intramuscularly and water was deprived for consecutive 5 days; and the control group (CON), a single dose of 5 ml placebo 0.9% NaCl was administered intramuscularly and drinking water was provided as ad libitum. Also, feed was offered ad libitum throughout the experimental period in all study groups. Blood samples were collected on days 0 (baseline values), 1, 3, 5, and 7 while clinical examinations were performed daily during the study. Significant increases were found in serum Hp, SAA, Cp and plasma Fb concentrations in SIG and SIG+DEH groups. There was a significant increase only in serum Hp concentration over time in the DEH group. In conclusion, this study exhibited that Hp concentration increased as part of an acute phase reaction in water deprivation-induced dehydration in Kivircik cross-breeds sheep.

scholarly journals Variation in response to selenium folic acid and vitamin E in arsenic exposed aerobic flora in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZK Choudhry ◽  
M Misbahuddin ◽  
UKFK Mojlish
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Aerobic Flora ◽  
Arsenic Excretion

Gut bacteria are considered to be body's first line of defense against ingested xenobiotics. Various nutritional and environmental factors play a role in bacterial growth and multiplication. Bacteria exposed to arsenic in high concentration for a long period showed growth inhibition. Influence of nutrition on bacterial growth and multiplication was observed by giving selenium (0.4 ?g/day), vitamin E (1 mg/day), folic acid (200 ?g/day) supplementation. Selenium and vitamin E were able to overcome the inhibitory effect of arsenic on gut flora. Selenium not only increased gut bacterial count, it also increased arsenic excretion in stool. Folic acid could not overcome the inhibitory effect of arsenic on gut flora but there was significant decrease in liver arsenic level suggestive of hepatic mehylation of arsenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v4i2.13770 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2011; 4(2): 13-16

Effects of saline drinking water on growth and water and feed intakes of weaner heifers

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Saul ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Evaporation

Nine groups of four Hereford heifers (mean � s.e. liveweight 223 � 3.1 kg), drank water containing either high (650 ppm) or low (10 ppm) magnesium concentrations combined with varying levels (5000,7000,9000, 11 000 ppm) of total soluble salts (TSS) for 79 days. At each level of TSS, high magnesium treatments were obtained by replacing 2550 pprn sodium chloride with an equal amount of magnesium chloride. A control group drank water containing 10 pprn Mg and 2 10 pprn TSS. All animals werq kept in feedlots and fed on hay ad libitum. Mean daily maximum temperature and mean daily evaporation during the experiment were 23�C and 4.6 mm, respectively. At the various TSS levels, the presence or absence of high levels of magnesium did not significantly affect liveweight gain, feed intake or animal health which suggests that the adverse effects of sodium and magnesium are similar. However, during the first 51 days of the experiment, heifers drinking water containing 11 000 pprn TSS and 650 ppm Mg lost weight and ate less than all other groups. Compared with control animals, those drinking water containing more than 5000 pprn TSS showed reduced liveweight gain (P<0.05) and feed intake during the first 5 1 days of the experiment, but this effect diminished as the experiment progressed. Overall, a TSS level of 5000 ppm caused a large but non-significant reduction in liveweight gain (36.3 v. 25.9 kg) over the 79-day period while a level of 11 000 ppm reduced liveweight by 49% (36.3 v 18.5 kg, P < 0.05)

Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Challenged Broilers by Nitrate Adaptation and Chlorate Supplementation in Drinking Water†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG SOO JUNG ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
JAMES A. BYRD ◽  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
RANDLE W. MOORE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Enzymatic Reduction ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Potential Strategy

The effects of two feed supplements on Salmonella Typhimurium in the ceca of market-age broilers were determined. Broilers orally challenged 6 days before slaughter with a novobiocin- and nalidixic acid–resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium were divided into one of four groups (20 birds each). The first group (the control group) received no treatment, the second group received sodium nitrate (SN) treatment (574 mg of NaNO3 per kg of feed), the third group received experimental chlorate product (ECP) treatment (15 mM NaClO3 equivalents), and the fourth group received ECP treatment in combination with SN treatment. The SN treatment was administered via feed for 5 days immediately before slaughter, and ECP was provided via ad libitum access to drinking water for the last 2 days before slaughter. Cecal contents were subjected to bacterial analysis. Significant (P &lt; 0.05) Salmonella Typhimurium reductions (ca. 2 log units) relative to levels for untreated control broilers were observed for broilers receiving ECP in combination with SN. The ECP-only treatment resulted in significant (P &lt; 0.05) reductions (ca. 0.8 log) of Salmonella Typhimurium in trial 2. We hypothesize that increasing Salmonella Typhimurium nitrate reductase activity resulted in increased enzymatic reduction of chlorate to chlorite, with a concomitant decrease in cecal Salmonella Typhimurium levels. On the basis of these results, preadaptation with SN followed by ECP supplementation immediately preharvest could be a potential strategy for the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers.

scholarly journals Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow n° 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILD. Moutinho ◽  
LC. Bertges ◽  
RVC. Assis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Doses

Tartrazine is one of the most widely used artificial foods, drugs and cosmetic dyes. It is a nitrous derivative and is known to cause allergic reactions such as asthma and urticaria, as well as having been the focus of studies on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to its transformation into aromatic amine sulfanilic acid after being metabolized by the gastrointestinal microflora. 45 male Wistar rats were assigned to a control group (A) or a treatment one (B). The treatment group received 7.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 of tartrazine daily in drinking water offered ad libitum for ten months from weaning to the age of twelve months. There was a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils of the gastric antrum mucosa. No carcinogenetic changes in any gastric area were observed during the study. As tartrazine belongs to the azo class, it is still a possible food carcinogen. Other studies with different doses and schedules, observing their effects associated to other carcinogens should be carried out if their safe use is to be recommended.

The intake and excretion of sodium by sheep fed on species of Atriplex (Saltbush) and Kochia (Bluebush)

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sodium Chloride Intake ◽  
Total Water Intake

Penned sheep were fed ad libitum on the fresh leaves of various species of Atriplex and Kochia,and records were made of the intake and excretion of sodium by these sheep. The sodium content of the diets varied from 3.2 to 8.2% of the dry weight, the higher values being recorded in summer and the lower values in winter. The sodium intakes of the sheep varied from 25 to 97 g/day. Most of this sodium was excreted in the urine at concentrations up to 500 m-equiv./l. The voluntary water consumption of these sheep was related to the sodium intake, such that the ratio of sodium chloride intake to total water intake was within the range 1.82 to 2.17%. Voluntary water intakes varied up to 11.3 l./day. The food intake of A. nummularia decreased to less than half when the drinking water was replaced by water containing 0.9 or 1.2% sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Radish Juice Promote Kidney Stone Deposition in Ethylene Glycol-induced Urolithiasis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falah M. Aziz ◽  
Dlshad H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Crystal Deposition ◽  
Crystal Density ◽  
Ad Libitum

Urolithiasis is a well-known problem that stones could form in various parts of the urinary system and it is the most common disease of the urinary tract. The current study was planned to investigate the effect of radish juice on ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis. Twenty-one rats randomly divided into three groups. The first group was the control group was received normal standard diet and drinking water and the second group represented the model group received 0.75% EG in drinking water ad libitum. The third group received radish juice (2 ml/kg of body weight) by gavage plus EG (0.75%) in drinking water ad libitum. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The light microscope examination revealed a disturbed histological architecture of the kidney tissues, including dilated renal tubules, aggregation of infiltrated leukocytes inflammatory cells, and crystal deposition in the model group. The EG plus radish juice treated rats showed higher crystal density with improved renal tubule structure and alleviated inflammation. Both treated groups showed various biochemical alterations compared to control group, but the most interest biochemical result was the significant decrease of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and in the radish plus EG group compared to the EG group. Scanning electron microscopy showed clear structural detail about calcium oxalate crystals in which radish-treated group showed higher crystal deposition and calcified tissue compared to EG group. The present study concluded that radish juice promotes stone deposition but exerted an antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals LIVER INJURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275
Author(s):  
Zunera Hakim ◽  
Akbar Waheed ◽  
Bareera Hakim ◽  
Najam ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I

Methimazole (MMI) is a widely used antithyroid drug for hyperthyroidism.However its clinical use is associated with many deleterious effects including hepatotoxicity.MMI induced liver injury is dependent upon bio-activation to toxic intermediates revealing theimportant role of drug metabolizing enzymes in generation of this adverse reaction. Studydesign: Randomized controlled laboratory trial. Period: 04 months from March 2015 to June2015. Settings: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College,Rawalpindi. Aim of the study: The effect of isoniazid (INH) on MMI induced hepatotoxicity wasevaluated in mice. Materials and Method: Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly dividedinto five groups. Group I served as control group (C-I). Group II (C-II) served as control forINH treated group and received plain drinking water for ten consecutive days. Hepatotoxicitywas induced by single intraperitoneal injection of MMI at a dose of 1000mg/kg in Group III(MMI).Group IV (INH) received isoniazid (0.1%w/v) in drinking water for ten consecutive days.A separate group V (INH +MMI) of isoniazid pretreated mice was given MMI at eleventh day fordetermination of combined effect of both drugs. The extent of hepatic damage was determinedby estimation of serum ALT and ALP along with histopathological analysis of liver samples.Results: MMI resulted in markedly elevated ALT and ALP with hepatic inflammation. INHadministration produced no significant change in both serum biomarkers and histopathologyappearance. Pretreatment of INH with MMI produced insignificant escalation of liver enzymesand microscopic parameters. However, biochemical and histological comparison of this groupwith MMI group revealed statistically consequential differences. Conclusion: INH has beneficialrole in preventing MMI induced hepatic injury.

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