Zinc Diffusion and Availability Affected by Different Sources in Soils of Contrasting Textures

Trends in new fertilizer technologies should balance the nutrient release rate from fertilizers with plant demands over time, while developing suitable physical characteristics of the fertilizer’s particles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three zinc fertilizers [ZnO, ZnSO4, and a commercial co-granulated ZnO+S0 fertilizer (ES_Zn)] on Zn diffusion in soil and their agronomic performances. A Petri dish trial was carried out in order to evaluate the diffusion of Zn in the soil. The experiment was designed as a factorial scheme (3 + 1) × 2 × 3, with three Zn sources, one control treatment (without Zn application), two soils of contrasting textures (sandy and clay), and three incubation times (1, 30 and 60 d). The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with four replications. Zinc diffusion was assessed according to the method proposed by Degryse et al. (2015) along of incubation times. For that, a ZnSO4 solution or ZnO suspension was applied by pipetting 15 μL of solution or suspension into a small hole (~0.5-cm deep) in the center of the Petri dish. A single pastille of ES_Zn fertilizer (30±0.5 mg) was placed in the center of the Petri dish, at the same depth. Soil was watered to 80% of field capacity. Filter papers (Whatman) were impregnated with CaCO3 and placed on the soil surface. After 2 h of reaction, the CaCO3-impregnated filter papers were collected, and the precipitated Zn in the papers was colored with dithizone, giving a pink color. The performance of Zn sources was evaluated in a greenhouse through a successive maize-soybean-millet crop. The trial was designed as a 2 × (3 × 3 +1) factorial scheme, being two soils (sandy and clay), three Zn sources (ZnSO4, ZnO, and ES_Zn), three Zn doses (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg dm-3 Zn), and a control treatment. The experiment was a randomized block design with four replications, being the experimental unit composed of a pot with 4 dm3 of soil. Pastille ES_Zn, ZnO (as suspension), and ZnSO4 (as solution) were applied at five equidistant points, at 5 cm below the soil surface. After 30, 60 and 60 days of planting, shoot of maize soybean and millet were harvest, oven-dried at 70 °C for 72 h (until constant weight), weighed and milled for chemical analysis. ES_Zn fertilizer promoted a delay Zn release in the soil, being effective as a fertilizer only in the last crop (millet), as well as ZnO. Zinc oxide and ZnSO4 had similar performances for increasing Zn availability in the inner soil portion, but its diffusion in soil was superior when the source was sulfate. The highly soluble ZnSO4 was more effective than ZnO-based fertilizers in terms of plant nutrition, especially for the two first crops. Our results also suggest that ZnO is solubilized in soil at high pH (6.6), its dispersion in soil being a key factor for the dissolution rate.

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Application of Gliricidia sepium Tree Leaves and Nitrogen Fertilizer to Improve Tomato Production and Soil Properties

Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture ◽

10.3329/aba.v24i1.51937 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 77-87

Author(s):

SS Keya ◽

MG Miah ◽

MA Rahman ◽

MT Islam

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Tree Leaves ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Soil Fertility Improvement

Excess use of agrochemicals for intensive cultivation affects crop quality and destroys agro-ecosystems, and eventually creates health hazards. The study aims to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium (GS) tree leaf as suitable green manures for supplementing nutrient supply along with nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce quality tomato and soil fertility improvement. A field experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (two factors) with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations with three levels of GS tree leaves (5, 10 and 15 t ha−1) and three doses of N (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer). The highest tomato yield was recorded in GS15×N100 treatment combination, which was 41.68% higher compared to the control treatment. Decreasing C: N ratio in increasing dose of GS and N treated plot indicated the quality of tree leaves that ensures faster decomposition and high nutrient release pattern of this species. Increasing rate of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in different treatments as compared to initial soil showed soil fertility improvement. Overall, the results indicated that quality tomato could be grown successfully by the application of G. sepium tree leaves along with an appropriate amount of N fertilizer. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 77-87

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Characterization and Evaluation of Aerobic Rice Genotypes under Transplanted Condition

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v20i1.30628 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

S Akter ◽

S Pervin ◽

KM Iftekharuddaula ◽

A Akter ◽

R Yasmeen

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Underground Water ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Moisture Condition ◽

Aerobic Culture ◽

Moisture Regimes

Due to over sinking of underground water, scarcity of irrigation water is becoming a threat to the sustainability of irrigated rice production and the concept of aerobic culture appeared prominently. Aerobic rice has the ability to grow under minimum irrigation water and minimum yield reduction occurs when grown under aerobic culture with less water. This experiment aimed to evaluate two advanced aerobic rice lines under transplanted condition in net house. Two advanced lines, IR83140-B-36-B-B and IR83142-B-71-B-B and two check varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown in three moisture regimes. The moisture regimes included a) continuous standing water (CSW) b) saturated moisture condition (SMC) and c) moisture content at field capacity (FCM). The experimental units, drum containing 110 kg soil, were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Three to four seedlings of forty days were transplanted at the soil surface of each drum. Seedlings were thinned to one plant per genotypes one week after transplanting. Genotype × water interaction showed significant variation in total dry matter production, panicle length, panicle exertion rate, sterility percentage and yield contributing characters. Irrespective of the genotypes, CSW conditions favored to produce maximum number of tiller and panicle. Although BRRI dhan29 gave the highest yield at both CSW and SMC, IR83142-B-71-B-B produced the highest yield at FCM. However, BRRI dhan28 gave similar yield to that of IR83142-B-71-B-B in FCM treated drums.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 45-50

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127 A novel find of a Feed NSPase Enzyme, Natugrain® TS, reducing finish pig hemorrhagic bowel syndrome mortality

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 70-71

Author(s):

Michael Coelho ◽

Robert Jones ◽

Frank Parks

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Random Effect ◽

Fixed Effect ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Lesion Score ◽

Intestinal Lesion ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

E Coli ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract This study presents a novel find of a Feed NSPase Enzyme, Natugrain TS, reducing finish pig hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) mortality. A total of 3,750 weaned pigs (28 kg), (PIC 337 x Camborough), were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (25 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 30 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were fed mash corn/soy/DDGs diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. Treatments were T1= 0 g/MT Natugrain TS, T2= 100 g/MT Natugrain TS, T3= 150 g/MT Natugrain TS, T4= 200 g/MT Natugrain TS and T5= 250 g/MT Natugrain TS. At the finishing phase, Natugrain TS significantly decreased intestinal E. coli log 10 (7.12, 4.95, 4.02, 3.21 and 3.25 log 10, P < 0.05, respectively), significantly decreased intestinal lesion score (0–5 score) (4.21, 4.02, 2.98, 2.25 and 2.26, P < 0.05, respectively). Microbiota was analyzed in fresh, manually collected, rectum fecal samples. Microbiota was separated into prevalent in Natugrain TS control (0) and 200 g/ton. In the control treatment, there was a prevalence of Desulfoyibrio, Oscillospira, Campylobacter, Anearoctruncus, Mogibacterium and Brachyspirae, etc., while in the 200 g/ton treatment there was a prevalence of Synergistales, Burkolderiales, Dehabacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Bacilli, etc. Natugrain TS significantly decreased mortality (4.8, 3.6, 2.7, 1.9 and 2.1 %, P < 0.05, respectively), significantly decreased specifically HBS mortality (3.50, 1.98, 0.68, 0.40 and 0.46%, P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, Natugrain TS changed the microbiome by breaking down arabinoxylans, decreasing intestinal E. coli and intestinal lesion score, changing the microbiota to prevalent Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Bacilli, and Natugrain TS up to 200 g/ton specifically decreasing hemorrhagic bowel syndrome mortality from 3.5% to 0.5%.

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Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Tree Legumes in an Agroforest System

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n8p417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Larissa Brandao Portela ◽

Anagila Janenis Cardoso Silva ◽

Gustavo André de Araújo Santos ◽

Joab Luhan Ferreira Pedrosa ◽

Conceição De Maria Batista de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Block Design ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Cropping System ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Randomized Block Design

The research compared biomass production and nutrient release in an alley cropping system in two collection methods, the litterbag method and the direct collection method (Morley, Bennett, & Clark, 1964). The system was implemented in 2015 at 2017, at the Maranhão Federal University, Maranhão, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized block design with four treatments, consisting of leucaena+sombreiro (Leucaena leucocephala and Clitoria fairchildiana), leucena+acacia (Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia mangium), gliricidia+sombreiro (Gliricidia sepium and Clitoria fairchildiana) and gliricidia+acacia (Gliricidia sepium and Acacia mangium). In order to determine the remaining dry matter, nutrient release (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn), the decomposition constants and the half-lives times of plant residues, 100 g of fresh material were conditioned in litterbags (50 g of each species), arranged on the soil surface. The second method was done by randomly throwing a collector on each plot in the same dimensions of the litterbags (0.40 x 0.40 m) and collecting the litter. For the two methods samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the start of the experiment. The litterbags method showed a higher C/N ratio at day 30 up to 120 days, which implies that this method is providing a different environment from the litter, where it would be overestimating the C/N ratio and retarding the decomposition. The G+S and G+A combinations were more rapidly decomposed than the combinations of L+S and L+A. The following order of release was established for the litterbags method: P > N > K > Ca > Mn > Mg, and for the method of collecting the litter: N > P > Ca > Mg > K > Mn.

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The Response of Hypericum Perfpratum L. to the Application of Selenium and Nano-selenium

10.21203/rs.3.rs-708123/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rezaei Nazari Mahmonir ◽

Vahid Abdossi ◽

Zamani Hargalani Fariba ◽

Kambiz Larijani

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Important Species ◽

Shoot Weight

Abstract Background: In terms of medicinal and therapeutic properties, H. perforatum is the important species. However, Selenium has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to producing essential oils and biomass.Method: For this study, a randomized complete block design with three replications was used so that each experimental unit comprised of 30 number 8 pots. The treatments included the foliar application of selenium (6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/l), nano-selenium (6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/l), and control (distilled water), applied at the rosette stage and harvesting at 50% flowering stage.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of selenium and nano selenium fertilizers was significant (p<0.01) on plant height, inflorescence length, number of inflorescences, inflorescence weight, shoot weight, root length, the total weight of biomass, essential oil percentage, the content of hypericin and hyperforin, the selenium accumulation in the plant, relative leaf water content, the content of chlorophylls a, b, and total, the content of phenol, the content of proline, production and accumulation of catalase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and DPPH enzymes. The highest inflorescence weight (21 g/plant), shoot weight (70 g/plant), and essential oil content (0.14%) were obtained from the control treatment. The highest accumulation of hypericin (3.8 mg/g dry matter) was obtained from the foliar application of 8 mg/l selenium. The maximum accumulation of hyperforin (57 mg/g dry matter) was obtained from the foliar application of 10 mg/l selenium. The highest accumulation of selenium (287.52 μg/g dry matter) was obtained in the foliar application of 12 mg/l nano-selenium.Conclusion: If the purpose of producing H. perforatum is to use the shoots and essential oils of the plant, then the use of selenium and nano-selenium is not recommended at all and should not be used. If the goal is to produce high hypericin, high hyperforin, and also the accumulation of selenium in the plant, the use of treatments of 6 and 8 mg/l of selenium and nano-selenium could be applied.

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Efficacy of Guava (Psidium guajava) Mulch Allelopathy in Controlling Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Weeds

East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology ◽

10.37284/eajab.1.1.36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Anthony Simiyu Mabele ◽

Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Management Tool ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Impact On Biodiversity

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crop whose production involves the use of synthetic herbicides with detrimental impact on biodiversity. Allelopathy effectively controls horticultural crop weeds. Different plant parts (flowers, leaves, stems, bark, roots) have allelopathic activity that varies over a growing season when used as mulch. Mulching is a horticultural technique that protects the roots of plants from heat and cold by use of mulch to cover the soil surface around plants. Tomato production in Kakamega County is below 2% and weeds are ranked high among the yield reducing factors. This study assessed the allelopathic effect of guava leaves mulch type (18.0 cm thick) as a management tool for weed control in tomato crops and no mulch as control treatment with three most popular determinate tomato varieties. The mulch treatments were arranged as factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to minimize non–experimental bias. Tomato variety sub-treatments were replicated three times in the experimental plots at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (00171N, 340451E). The field project was conducted during the short rains and long rains season of 2016-2017. Data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software, version 9.3 at p<0.05 confidence level. Least Significance Difference (LSD) was used to separate the means. Weed density incidence was significantly highest in control plots up to 100% and lowest in mulched plots (13.41%). Allelopathic control of weeds sustains global food and nutrition security for future generations.

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Decomposition of straw resulting from different strategies of recovery of degraded pastures using an integrated crop-livestock system

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1397 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1397

Author(s):

Luana Quirino Souza Dayoub Zagato ◽

Leandro Coelho de Araujo ◽

Sabrina Novaes dos Santos-Araujo ◽

Mariana Gaioto Ziolkowski Ludkiewicz ◽

Otácilio Silveira Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decomposition Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Sample ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

Signal Grass

Several strategies have been used to improve soil fertility using integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems, and the harvest of the accompanying crop used for silage may have several benefits to the soil depending on the quantity and quality of the remaining litter, providing dry matter (DM) for no-tillage systems and nutrient mineralization for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rate of decomposition of macro- and micronutrients of the DM of litter produced in ICL systems at different harvest heights in one year. The study was developed at the Experimental Farm of UNESP in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the dry season. The study included five replications in plots of 200 m2 and was arranged in a completely randomized block design. The following treatments were analyzed: control sample-degraded pasture of signal grass; Marandu grass-pasture renewal from signal grass to Marandu grass; succession 45-planting of sorghum (forage sorghum cv. Volumax) and crop harvest at the height of 45 cm for silage followed by planting of Marandu grass; simultaneous seeding of Marandu grass and sorghum, and crop harvesting for silage at the height of 15 cm (Marandu + sorghum 15) and 45 cm (Marandu + sorghum 45) from the soil surface. After crop harvesting, proportional amounts of green mass remaining from each unit were collected, transferred to nylon bags, and placed in direct contact with the soil of the respective experimental unit. Each bag was opened every 30 days after closure for up to 270 days. In each bag, the DM, and macro- and micronutrients were analyzed, and the percentage of remaining material, daily decomposition rate, and half-life were calculated. The litter of the Marandu + sorghum 45 treatment contained the highest DM, decomposition rate, and nutrient content. The crop succession provided the best condition of the litter, with the highest DM on the soil surface, which improved soil conditions and made the soil less susceptible to degradation.

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NAA Lebih Efektif Dibanding IBA untuk Pembentukan Akar pada Cangkok Jambu Bol (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr & Perry)

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.9.1.1-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Agustiansyah , ◽

Jamaludin , ◽

Yusnita , ◽

Dwi Hapsoro

Keyword(s):

Root Formation ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Soil Medium ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACTA study to determine the effect of auxin talcum on rooting of air layered malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry) was conducted from March to May 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, five branches per experimental unit. Auxin talcum treatment consisting of 7 level of auxin concentrations, i.e., (in ppm) 0 (control), 2000 IBA, 4000 IBA, 2000 NAA, 4000 NAA, 1000 NAA + IBA 1000 and 2000 IBA + 2000 NAA in the form of talcum-paste were applied in the upper region of the girdled branches prior to being covered with soil medium. The results showed that after two months, all treatments containing NAA, either singly or in combination with IBA produced 100% rooting, whereas the control treatment was only 22%. The IBA treatments singly at 2000 and 4000 ppm produced 44.4% and 55.6% rooting, respectively. The superiority of NAA upon IBA treatments was also shown by the higher number and length of primary roots as well as earlier root formation. The best treatment for Malay apple rooting was 4000 ppm NAA which produced 33.3 roots, and formed roots three weeks earlier than the control treatment.Key words: air layering, auxin, IBA, NAA, rootingABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh formulasi pasta auksin yang mengandung IBA, NAA atau kombinasi keduanya terhadap pengakaran cangkok jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense L.) Merr. & Perry). Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2016 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, 5 cabang cangkokan per unit percobaan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 7 taraf konsentrasi auksin (dalam ppm) yaitu 0 (kontrol), 2000 IBA, 4000 IBA, 2000 NAA, 4000 NAA, 1000 NAA + IBA 1000 dan 2000 IBA + 2000 NAA. Hasil pengamatan pada dua bulan setelah perlakuan, semua perlakuan yang mengandung NAA, baik secara tunggal maupun dalam kombinasi dengan IBA menghasilkan 100% cangkok berakar, sementara kontrol hanya menghasilkan 22%, dan perlakuan IBA saja pada 2000 dan 4000 ppm menghasilkan 44.4% and 55.6% cangkok berakar. Efektivitas NAA yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan IBA juga ditunjukkan oleh lebih tingginya jumlah akar, panjang akar dan waktu terbentuknya akar yang lebih awal dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan auksin terbaik didapatkan pada 4000 ppm NAA yang menghasilkan 33.3 akar primer dan mempercepat terbentuknya akar hingga tiga minggu lebih awal dibandingkan dengan pada cangkok tanpa auksin.Kata kunci: auksin, cangkok, IBA, NAA, pengakaran

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EFFECT OF COMPOST DOSES ON SOIL RESILIENCE IN PALU VALLEY

AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal ◽

10.22487/agroland.v7i2.623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 99-105

Author(s):

Danang Widjajanto ◽

Uswah Hasanah ◽

Imam Wahyudi ◽

St Sukmawati ◽

Sufyan Sufyan

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Soil Resilience

Applying organic matter to the soil surface is an effective effort to increase soil resilience in the Palu valley, which is classified as low. This study aimed to determine: 1) the effect of several doses of compost on the physico-chemical properties of the soil, 2) the correlation between the percentage of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil to several physico-chemical properties of the soil. The research was based on a randomized block design in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Compost uses raw materials for plantain stems (Musa textilia) and leaves of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). The compost doses used in the experiment consisted of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the weight of air-dry soil, respectively. The treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that compost application significantly affected soil content weight, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity moisture content, percentage of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity. The correlation test results showed a powerful relationship between the percentage of organic carbon or total soil nitrogen to other soil physico-chemical properties observed in the experiment.

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Hasil Garut (Marantha Arundinaceae) pada Kekeringan

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v1i2.18886 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Muhammad Bogi Oktafani ◽

Supriyono Supriyono ◽

Mth Sri Budiastuti

Keyword(s):

Food Source ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Good Growth ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Resistant Plant ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Treatment Factor

<p>Arrowroot (Marantha arundinaceae) is one of substitute food source of wheat flour and rice. Mostly arrowroot wildly grow in yard and forest untreated so its productivity is relatively low. During the dry season, water availaility drops, causing drought. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of drought stress on tuber yields of arrowroot. This research was conducted on March to September 2016 at the Faculty of Agriculture Land Experiment Field of Sebelas Maret University in Jumantono, Karanganyar. The study using a randomized completed block design (RCBD) and one research have one treatment factor. One treatment has 4 experimental levels and each level is repeated six times so that there are 24 experimental unit. Drought treatment consist of following levels; 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% of field capacity. The research shows that arrowroot is a dry-resistant plant up to 25% and produces good growth and yield is indicated by tuber weight (551,67g).</p>

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