Clay mineralogy of soils from lower atrai basin of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
ABMS Islam ◽  
ZH Khan ◽  
AR Mazumder ◽  
AZM Moslehuddin ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Tiny Amount ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agroecological Zone

The lower Atrai basin, the study area, lies in the Agroecological Zone-5 (AEZ-5) of Bangladesh. This study reveals the clay mineral composition of top soils of seven different soil series viz. Binsara, Taras, Jaonia, Hasnabad, Laskara, Manda and Mainam developed in the basin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. Results show that mica (41 to 59%) was the most dominant mineral among all soils except Laskara. In Laskara soils, the interstratified mica-vermiculite-smectite (41%) was the predominant mineral. Next to mica, kaolinite (10 to 12%) was found to be present in the Binsara, Taras 1, Jaonia, and Taras 2 soils. Chlorite (7 to 17%) was identified in all the soils and was found to be the second dominant mineral in the Manda and Mainam soils. In contrast, the interstratified mica-vermiculitesmectite (33%) was found to be the second dominant mineral in the Hasnabad soils. Small amounts of vermiculite mineral (1 to 13%) were identified in almost all the soils except Binsara. All the soils have interstratified mica-chlorite minerals (2 to 7%). A tiny amount of smectite (1%) was identified in Taras 1 soil. As far as the clay mineralogical composition is concerned, most studied soils were found at the initial stage of weathering, indicating the high potential to sustain low input subsistence agriculture. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 293-306, 2021 (July)

Contrasted mineralogical composition of the laterite cover on serpentinites of Nkamouna-Kongo, southeast Cameroon

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yongue–Fouateu ◽  
M. Yemefack ◽  
A. S. L. Wouatong ◽  
P. D. Ndjigui ◽  
P. Bilong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractFour drill cores along a lateritic hill in Nkamouna-Kongo (southeast Cameroon) were studied using microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The main objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of clay silicates while evaluating the Ni-Co content of the laterite for potential mineral exploitation. The thick lateritic profiles (>40 m deep) developed on serpentinized ultramafic rocks have an Fe-rich clayey fraction, with goethite as the main mineralogical constituent and secondary quartz and relicts of magnetite-maghemite as accessory minerals. Silicate clays are less abundant and occur mainly towards the top of the profiles. At the summit of the interfluve, kaolinite and some gibbsite are associated with goethite. Along the slopes, at the bottom of profiles, the weathered bedrock shows the presence of smectite (Fe-beidellite) and kaolinite, probably due to slower water-flow conditions. Towards the top of the profile in the lower clay, ferruginous and upper clay horizons, only kaolinite remains with gibbsite, after the leaching of silica and soluble cations following repeated remobilization-recrystallization processes. At the summit, where the downward movement of water is rapid, no smectite was identified. As a whole, the mineralogical composition of the material varies in close relationship with the drainage, leading to a contrasted clay mineralogy marked by the presence of Fe-beidellite and kaolinite at the bottom, and that of kaolinite and gibbsite at the summit of the profiles.

scholarly journals Provenance and Sedimentary Context of Clay Mineralogy in an Evolving Forearc Basin, Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene and Eocene Mudstones, San Joaquin Valley, California

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Andrew Hurst ◽  
Michael Wilson ◽  
Antonio Grippa ◽  
Lyudmyla Wilson ◽  
Giuseppe Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Bulk Rock ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Arc Volcanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Tropical Weathering

Mudstone samples from the Moreno (Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene) and Kreyenhagen (Eocene) formations are analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine their mineralogy. Smectite (Reichweite R0) is the predominant phyllosilicate present, 48% to 71.7% bulk rock mineralogy (excluding carbonate cemented and highly bio siliceous samples) and 70% to 98% of the <2 μm clay fraction. Opal CT and less so cristobalite concentrations cause the main deviations from smectite dominance. Opal A is common only in the Upper Kreyenhagen. In the <2 μm fraction, the Moreno Fm is significantly more smectite-rich than the Kreyenhagen Fm. Smectite in the Moreno Fm was derived from the alteration of volcaniclastic debris from contemporaneous rhyolitic-dacitic magmatic arc volcanism. No tuff is preserved. Smectite in the Kreyenhagen Fm was derived from intense sub-tropical weathering of granitoid-dioritic terrane during the hypothermal period in the early to mid-Eocene; the derivation from local volcanism is unlikely. All samples had chemical indices of alteration (CIA) indicative of intense weathering of source terrane. Ferriferous enrichment and the occurrence of locally common kaolinite are contributory evidence for the intensity of weathering. Low concentration (max. 7.5%) of clinoptilolite in the Lower Kreyenhagen is possibly indicative of more open marine conditions than in the Upper Kreyenhagen. There is no evidence of volumetrically significant silicate diagenesis. The main diagenetic mineralisation is restricted to low-temperature silica phase transitions.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of the Dendrite Array Created in the Root of Cored SX Turbine Blades during Initial Stage of Crystallization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Robert Paszkowski ◽  
Jacek Krawczyk ◽  
Włodzimierz Bogdanowicz ◽  
Dariusz Szeliga ◽  
Jan Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dendrite Branching ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Vertical Bridgman ◽  
Lateral Dendrite ◽  
Root Connection

The roots of cored single-crystalline turbine blades made of a nickel-based CMSX-4 superalloy were studied. The casts were solidified by the vertical Bridgman method in an industrial ALD furnace using the spiral selector and selector continuer situated asymmetrically in the blade root transverse section. Scanning electron microscopy, the Laue diffraction and X-ray diffraction topography were used to visualize the dendrite array and the local crystal misorientation of the roots. It has been stated that heterogeneity of the dendrite array and creation of low-angle boundaries (LABs) are mostly related to the lateral dendrite branching and rapid growth of the secondary and tertiary dendrites near the surface of the continuer–root connection. These processes have an unsteady character. Additionally, the influence of the mould walls on the dendrite array heterogeneity was studied. The processes of the lateral growth of the secondary dendrites and competitive longitudinal growth of the tertiary dendrites are discussed and a method of reducing the heterogeneity of the root dendrite array is proposed.

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

Crystallization of simonkolleite (Zn5Cl2(OH)8 ∙ H2O) in powder samples prepared for mineral composition analysis by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Urszula Zagórska ◽  
◽  
Sylwia Kowalska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Method Error ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference

The analysis of mineralogical composition by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) is one of the standard research methods used in hydrocarbon exploration. In order to improve it and to obtain better results, the methodology of quantitative analysis used at Well Logging Department is being periodically (more or less) modified. After the introduction of the improvements, comparative analyses were performed on archival samples. Reflections from an unidentified phase which did not occur in the tested Rotliegend sandstone samples were noticed on X-ray diffractograms of archival samples. Reflections of a mineral called simonkolleite were identified in the X-ray diffraction database. Chemically it is a hydrated zinc chloride of the formula: Zn5Cl2(OH)8 × H2O. Analysis of the composition of samples in which simonkolleite crystallised, indicated that the mineral is being formed in the result of the slow reaction of zinc oxide with halite (NaCl) and water vapour. An attempt was made to determine the influence of the presence of this mineral on the results of the quantitative analysis of mineralogical composition. The above methodology was applied on a group of ten samples. The results of the quantitative analysis conducted for archival samples stored with added zincite standard containing simonkolleite and for new, freshly grinded (without artifact) samples were compared. The comparison of the obtained results showed a slight influence of this mineral on the quantitative composition of the remaining components. The difference between the results usually did not exceed the method error. At the same time a significant difference in the calculated content of the internal standard was noted – on average 1% less in archival than in new samples. This shows that the reaction occurring in the archival samples will affect the evaluation of the quality of the obtained quantitative analysis, at the same time excluding the possibility of determining the rock’s amorphous substance content with the internal standard method.

scholarly journals A prototype handheld X-ray diffraction instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Hansford
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Back Reflection ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Sample Position

A conceptual design for a handheld X-ray diffraction (HHXRD) instrument is proposed. Central to the design is the application of energy-dispersive XRD (EDXRD) in a back-reflection geometry. This technique brings unique advantages which enable a handheld instrument format, most notably, insensitivity to sample morphology and to the precise sample position relative to the instrument. For fine-grained samples, including many geological specimens and the majority of common alloys, these characteristics negate sample preparation requirements. A prototype HHXRD device has been developed by minor modification of a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument, and the performance of the prototype has been tested with samples relevant to mining/quarrying and with an extensive range of metal samples. It is shown, for example, that the mineralogical composition of iron-ore samples can be approximately quantified. In metals analysis, identification and quantification of the major phases have been demonstrated, along with extraction of lattice parameters. Texture analysis is also possible and a simple example for a phosphor bronze sample is presented. Instrument formats other than handheld are possible and online process control in metals production is a promising area. The prototype instrument requires extended measurement times but it is argued that a purpose-designed instrument can achieve data-acquisition times below one minute. HHXRD based on back-reflection EDXRD is limited by the low resolution of diffraction peaks and interference by overlapping fluorescence peaks and, for these reasons, cannot serve as a general-purpose XRD tool. However, the advantages ofin situ, nondestructive and rapid measurement, tolerance of irregular surfaces, and no sample preparation requirement in many cases are potentially transformative. For targeted applications in which the analysis meets commercially relevant performance criteria, HHXRD could become the method of choice through sheer speed and convenience.

The mineralogy and firing behaviour of pottery clays of the Lake Van region, eastern Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aras ◽  
S. Kiliç
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

AbstractThe present study focused on the mineralogical and chemical characterization and firing behaviour of clays from the Lake Van region and compared them with the same characteristics established for two ancient pot sherds. Four pottery clays collected from Kutki and Kuşluk in the Kesan Valley to the south, from Kavakbaşı to the southwest and from Bardakçı village on the east coast of Lake Van were analysed by X-ray diffraction to identify mineralogical composition (bulk clays and <2 μm fractions after heating at 300–500°C and ethylene glycol solvation). Further analyses were conducted to determine the size distribution, chemical composition and physical properties of test bodies derived from these clays. The in situ weathered schist forming the primary micaceous red clays which are suitable for local pottery production are characterized by large muscovite-sericite-illite and small calcite contents. In contrast, the Bardakçı clays are dominated by large smectite contents and are only used sparingly in mixtures of local pottery production because they undergo firing shrinkage and present drying and firing flaws in the fired bodies. Firing ranges of ~800–900°C were inferred from the mineralogy and colours of the two ancient sherds from Kutki. As a result of mineralogical analysis of fired and unfired test bodies of these pottery clays and pot sherds, two different types of pastes were determined for pottery production in the Lake Van region: metamorphic and volcanic paste, the former characterized by a calcite-poor and mica-sericite-rich matrix and the latter by large smectite and small calcite contents.

Interdiffusion in Co/Ta Multilayer Thin Films

2005 ◽  
Vol 237-240 ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Myeong Lee ◽  
Byeong Seon Lee ◽  
Chan Gyu Lee ◽  
Yasunori Hayashi ◽  
Bon Heun Koo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stress Release ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Interdiffusion Coefficients

We will discuss the stress release phenomena, structural relaxation and interdiffusion processes during annealing. The [Co(4nm)/Ta(4nm)]38 multilayers were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on Si substrate. The multilayers were annealed at various temperatures (523 - 673K) in vacuum (under 10-5 torr) furnace. The effective interdiffusion coefficients were determined from the slope of the best straight line fit of the first peak intensity versus annealing time [d ln(I(t)/I(0)) /dt] by X-ray diffraction (XRD) low angle measurements. The drastic decrease of the relative intensity in the initial stage shown due to the structural relaxation was excluded in the calculation of effective interdiffusion coefficients. The temperature dependence of interdiffusion in the range of 523 - 673K is described by D = 3.2×10-19 exp(-0.51±0.11 eV/kT) m2s-1.

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