scholarly journals Insight and Treatment Attitude In Schizophrenic Patients–A Study on Indoor Cases from Three Tertiary Level Hospitals of Dhaka City

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
AHMKM Kamal ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
AU Choudhury ◽  
L Laila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction: It is frequently reported that schizophrenic patients have poor insight into their course of illness. Poor insight has considerable value in predicting the long-term course of chronic mental disorders and it has impact on patients' compliance with treatment plans. Lack of insight is a common symptom of the acute phase of schizophrenia, being described in 97% of acute cases in the World Health Organization International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. It will enhance awareness among all level of medical professionals for prompt diagnosis or at least early referral to psychiatrist and that will be helpful to reduce the sufferings and treatment cost of the schizophrenic patients. Objectives: It was a descriptive cross sectional study and was carried out to find out the relationship of levels of compliance and drug attitudes with insight of people with schizophrenia as lack of insight often results in non-adherence and so treatment failure. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out on 100 admitted schizophrenic patients from nominated hospitals. Among them 50 patients were acute (first episode) and 50 patients were relapsed (subsequent episode) schizophrenic patients. Purposive sampling technique was used. Purpose of the study & procedure were explained to all diagnosed schizophrenic patients (diagnosed by psychiatrist) & only those who gave consent were finally selected for the study. Insight and attitude to treatment was assessed by using the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) Results: It is frequently reported that schizophrenic patients have poor insight into their illness. In this study total number of cases was 100; among them 50 were having first episode schizophrenia and 50 subsequent episodes of schizophrenia. Regarding age, 33% were below 20 years of age, 33% between 20 to 30 years of age, 19% between 30 to 40 years, 13% between 40 to 50 years and 2% above 60 years; 61% of the subjects were male and 39% were female. Most of the cases were students (31%), house-wives (25%) and unemployed personnel (23%). Rest were service personnel, day labourers, retired persons, business men and farmers. In collected sample, 65% were educated below SSC level and 35% above SSC and 53% were from urban area and 47% were from rural area. 51% were from lower middle class family, 37% of cases had positive family history of psychiatric illness. In graduates & beyond patients mean awareness of illness was 3.00 ± 3.32 and mean attitude to treatment was 4.29 ± 3.73. In lower income group mean awareness of illness was 1.50 ± 2.10 and attitude to treatment was 2.69 ± 2.48. Conclusion: Insight has been associated with greater expressed willingness to take medications, better adherence to prescribed medications. It is observed here that awareness of illness was more in middle class and attitude to treatment is more in lower middle class group so service provider will give more emphasis on this two groups for better outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18722 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 25-34

scholarly journals Psychosocial factors related to attempted suicide in schizophrenic patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Monirul Islam ◽  
Md Azizul Islam ◽  
MA Sobhan ◽  
Sultana Algin ◽  
Sohel Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder in the field of psychiatry. One of the important sequelae of chronic schizophrenia is attempted suicide or suicide. The leading cause of death among schizophrenic patients is completed suicide. Place of study: This study was conducted in the outpatient and inpatient of the departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, and Mental Hospital, Pabna from 30th September 2007 to 29th February 2008. Objective: The present study was designed to determine the reasons for suicidal attempt, socio-demographic features and the methods of attempted suicide among the schizophrenic patients with history of suicidal attempt. Method: This is a cross sectional study on one hundred and two schizophrenic patients who had the history of suicidal attempt. Results: All patients were interviewed by using the semi-structured questionnaire which was developed according to study requirement. It contains sociodemographic and other relevant information. Among 102 cases of schizophrenic patients with suicidal attempt, 72.5% were young; mean age was 31.28 years (SD±8.53) and majority were of male gender (75.5%). Most of them were unemployed (36.3%) and unmarried (49.0%). Forty-five patients (44.1%) had positive family history of psychiatric illness. 03 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 1 (June) 2014 Mean duration of suffering from schizophrenia was 8.24 years (SD±5.81). Most of the patients (41.2%) attempted suicide in their earlier course of illness (within 5 years). 64.7% patients attempted multiple times. Most frequent reason for the suicidal attempts was depression (82.4%); 79.4% attempted in recovery phase. The methods mostly applied were ingestion of poison/corrosive (28.4%) and hanging (25.5%). Conclusion: This study tried to find out the possible reasons and sociodemographic correlates of attempted suicide in schizophrenic patients. A study in the community level can pin point the causes of suicidal attempts. However this study is an eye opening in this field. It should be remembered that the rate of completed suicide is more in those patients who had attempted suicide earlier. Awareness in the community, caregivers, and health professionals is very important to save the lives of those schizophrenic patients with suicidal attempts/intent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22894 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014

scholarly journals Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Nadia Begum ◽  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Sultana Begum ◽  
Mehruba Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

Contextual variations in children’s perceptions of their peers as gender typical

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
William M. Bukowski ◽  
Melisa Castellanos ◽  
Melissa Commisso ◽  
Ryan Persram ◽  
Luz Stella Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions

Cultural and socioeconomic differences in children’s perceptions of their peers as being typical members of the cis gender group were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 351 girls ( N = 164) and boys from 19 fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms (M age = 11.5) in three primary schools in Montréal ( N = 156) and two schools in Barranquilla. Multilevel modeling indicated that: (a) the overall level of perceived typicality was low; (b) boys perceived other boys to be more typical than girls, whereas girls perceived girls and boys to have the same level of typicality; (c) in Barranquilla perceptions of gender typicality were higher among upper-middle-class children than among lower-middle-class children, whereas no difference was observed with the children from Montréal.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a tribal village near Madhya Pradesh-Maharashtra border

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Mukesh S. Bawa ◽  
Amol D. Kinge ◽  
Ananta Borde ◽  
Sarika Patil ◽  
Shriram Gosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases represent a major health problem in developing countries. Conservative estimates place the global death toll from diarrhoeal diseases at about two million deaths per year (1.7 - 2.5 million deaths), ranking third among all cases of infectious disease death worldwide. The prime purpose of an outbreak investigation is to control the outbreak, limit its spread to other areas and assess how preventive strategies could be further strengthened to reduce or eliminate the risk of such outbreak in future.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study of epidemic occurred in Khetiya village, Dist Barwani (MP), population of 67,500 during 17 October 2016 to 17 November 2016. All the cases reported within last one week around the market place village in Khetiya, presenting with symptoms and signs of AGE (as per standard case definition of IDSP) and willing to participate in the investigation.Results: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.Conclusions: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of the Healthcare Workers Infected with SARS Cov-2 in Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Diyala-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Imad A Lateef ◽  
◽  
Mohamed A Al-Karkhi ◽  
Zainab M Atta ◽  
Arshed A Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Staff

Background: In 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified. It first appeared in Wuhan, China and caused a cluster of pneumonia cases. The virus was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization designated the disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Objective: To find the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among symptomatic frontline and non-frontline healthcare workers, their main complaint and clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods: This is a cross sectional study done on retrospective data in which all symptomatic healthcare workers in Baqubah teaching hospital were involved in the study and full questionnaire forms were filled. Nasal and throat swabs were taken for polymerase chain reaction test and high-resolution computed tomography were done. Results: From (1413) symptomatic healthcare workers tested for COVID-19 (185) were positive yielding a (13%) prevalence from the total employed healthcare workers in Baqubah teaching hospital, with (63%) were male. Most of the affected were nurses (63.2%) ,(59.5%) of the affected healthcare workers were non-frontline staff. Fever was the most common symptom and was seen in(79.5%) followed by shortness of breath in(63.8%).The disease course was mild in (83.8%) of the affected healthcare workers and only (2.7%) need admission to the hospital and the mortality rate was (0.5%). Conclusion: Most infections among healthcare workers occurred during the last two months of the disease outbreak. The prevalence of the COVID-19 infection among our healthcare workers was high and mostly in non–frontlie staff. Rapid identification of staff with potential infection and routine screening among asymptomatic staff could help protect other healthcare workers.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in A State in South East Nigeria: Results of a Population Based House to House Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Ignatius U. Ezeani ◽  
Innocent I. Chukwuonye ◽  
Ugochukwu U. Onyeonoro ◽  
Abali Chuku ◽  
Okechukwu S. Ogah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Population based studies on diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce in Nigeria. Introduction: This was a population-based house to house survey aimed at determining the prevalence of DM and assessing the risk factors associated with DM in a state in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study in which 1680 adults were recruited using a multistage sampling method to randomly select not more than two suitable participants of both sex in each household from four enumeration areas (EAs) in each local government area (LGA) and the three senatorial zones in the state. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Approach to Surveillance questionnaire was used for data collection and random blood glucose (RBG) was measured after anthropometric assessment. Test statistics used were chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of DM in this study was 3.3%. A positive family history of DM was significantly higher in patients with diabetes: 18.2% vs. 9.6% (p=0.036). The mean (SD) of weight, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly higher in patients with DM(p=0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively).The odd ratio (95% CI) of a person>35years developing DM was 3.89(1.11-13.60). The OR (95% CI) for waist-hip ratio (WHR) was 3.04 (1.02-9.03) and family history of DM had an OR of 2.62(0.88-6.50). The odd of developing DM is positively associated with age>35years, increased WHR, WC, family history of DM, BMI>25Kg/m2, and HC. The odd of developing DM was negatively associated with smoking. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM in this study was 3.3%. A BMI>25 kg/m2, WHR >0.85, family history of DM, HC, and older age were associated with significantly higher prevalence.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Rohingya Refugees in Kutupalong Camp, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
Rezina Jasmine ◽  
Arif Ahmed Khan ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
ATM Rezaul Karim ◽  
Md Monirul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Local People ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: An estimated over seventy thousands Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh since August 2017. World Health Organization (WHO) warned that there could be an outbreak of infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB) among the Rohingya that would also be a threat to the local people. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of TB among Rohingya refugees in Kutupalong camp, Ukhiya. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the field medical laboratory of Bangladesh Army in the refugee camp Kutupalong, Ukhiya from September to December, 2017. Total 3579 patients reported during this time thosehad cough for more than 2 weeks were selected as study subjects. The Ziehl Neelsen stained smears were prepared from the sputum samples and examined only under microscope for acid fact bacilli (AFB). All AFB positive cases were tested by molecular technique, Genexpert for drug resistance and screened by immunochromatographic test(ICT) for HIV. Results: Out of 3579 reported cases 55(1.54%) were AFB positive. Among 55 positive cases 27(49.09%) were female and 28(50.90%) were male.There was no HIV casefound among 55 AFB positive patients but 01 case was found positive as multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Conclusion: This study showed prevalence of TB is quite high in Rohingya population due to malnutrition, unhealthy living condition and general lack of awareness. Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) had already started to eradicate TB which will definitely prevent contagiousness to local people in Bangladesh. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 197-199

scholarly journals Time to negative PCR in various disease categories of COVID-19 infection in Pakistani population

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleem Ullah Toori ◽  
Asma Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objectives: To identify association of epidemiological characteristics, presence of underlying pre-morbidities and disease severity with time to first negative PCR in Corona virus disease 2019. Methods: Total 842 Corona Virus Real Time Polymerase-Chain-Reaction positive patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were admitted to Department of Medicine at KRL Hospital Islamabad from April to August 2020. Age, gender, symptoms, pre-morbidities and disease severity were recorded. Outcome (recovered versus died) was documented. World Health Organization categories to classify disease severity (asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe) were used. Time to negative PCR was documented as time between first positive PCR to first negative PCR. Results: The mean age of patients was 39.04 ± 11.32 years with 99.8% being males. Majority of patients (78.4%) were asymptomatic. Amongst symptoms, fever was the most common symptom. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most commonly recorded co-morbidity. Mean time to negative PCR was 8.8 ± 3.1 days. A large proportion of patients recovered (99.9%). Significant positive correlation (p value < 0.05) was found between age, gender, presence of underlying pre-morbidities and disease severity categories with time to first negative PCR. Conclusion: The underlying epidemiological factors, pre-morbidities and disease severity are associated with time to negative PCR and hence affect frequency of recovery samples. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4476 How to cite this:Toori KU, Chaudhry A, Qureshi MA. Time to negative PCR in various disease categories of COVID-19 infection in Pakistani population. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4476 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Frequency of Dental Caries among 3-11 years old patients with Maloccluded Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1880-1882
Author(s):  
Adeel Ijaz Rana ◽  
Arooj Ul Hassan ◽  
Saleem Rana ◽  
Fareed Ahmad ◽  
Ali Anwaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To explore the effect of socioeconomic status on frequency of dental caries among patients with maloccluded teeth. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Dental hospital of Institute of dentistry, CMH, Lahore Medical College, Lahore. Sample size was calculated as 330. Data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Patients of both genders between the ages of 3 to 11 years with maloccluded teeth were included. Result: According to Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale rating, gender wise comparison was conducted using chi-square test. Out of 330 participants, 28 males and 17 females were between scores of 25-29, i.e. the upper class. 91 males and 105 females were between scores of 16-25, being in upper middle class. 40 males and 45 females were scored between 5-10, being in lower middle class while 1 male and 3 females were scored <5, being in poor class. An insignificant difference of 0.20 was observed between them. The difference was nonsignificant. Conclusion: No gender wise difference was observed among patients with regards to dental caries in terms of socioeconomic status. Keywords: Malocclusion, dental caries, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene

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