Contextual variations in children’s perceptions of their peers as gender typical

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
William M. Bukowski ◽  
Melisa Castellanos ◽  
Melissa Commisso ◽  
Ryan Persram ◽  
Luz Stella Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions

Cultural and socioeconomic differences in children’s perceptions of their peers as being typical members of the cis gender group were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 351 girls ( N = 164) and boys from 19 fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms (M age = 11.5) in three primary schools in Montréal ( N = 156) and two schools in Barranquilla. Multilevel modeling indicated that: (a) the overall level of perceived typicality was low; (b) boys perceived other boys to be more typical than girls, whereas girls perceived girls and boys to have the same level of typicality; (c) in Barranquilla perceptions of gender typicality were higher among upper-middle-class children than among lower-middle-class children, whereas no difference was observed with the children from Montréal.

scholarly journals Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Nadia Begum ◽  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Sultana Begum ◽  
Mehruba Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Insight and Treatment Attitude In Schizophrenic Patients–A Study on Indoor Cases from Three Tertiary Level Hospitals of Dhaka City

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
AHMKM Kamal ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
AU Choudhury ◽  
L Laila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction: It is frequently reported that schizophrenic patients have poor insight into their course of illness. Poor insight has considerable value in predicting the long-term course of chronic mental disorders and it has impact on patients' compliance with treatment plans. Lack of insight is a common symptom of the acute phase of schizophrenia, being described in 97% of acute cases in the World Health Organization International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. It will enhance awareness among all level of medical professionals for prompt diagnosis or at least early referral to psychiatrist and that will be helpful to reduce the sufferings and treatment cost of the schizophrenic patients. Objectives: It was a descriptive cross sectional study and was carried out to find out the relationship of levels of compliance and drug attitudes with insight of people with schizophrenia as lack of insight often results in non-adherence and so treatment failure. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out on 100 admitted schizophrenic patients from nominated hospitals. Among them 50 patients were acute (first episode) and 50 patients were relapsed (subsequent episode) schizophrenic patients. Purposive sampling technique was used. Purpose of the study & procedure were explained to all diagnosed schizophrenic patients (diagnosed by psychiatrist) & only those who gave consent were finally selected for the study. Insight and attitude to treatment was assessed by using the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) Results: It is frequently reported that schizophrenic patients have poor insight into their illness. In this study total number of cases was 100; among them 50 were having first episode schizophrenia and 50 subsequent episodes of schizophrenia. Regarding age, 33% were below 20 years of age, 33% between 20 to 30 years of age, 19% between 30 to 40 years, 13% between 40 to 50 years and 2% above 60 years; 61% of the subjects were male and 39% were female. Most of the cases were students (31%), house-wives (25%) and unemployed personnel (23%). Rest were service personnel, day labourers, retired persons, business men and farmers. In collected sample, 65% were educated below SSC level and 35% above SSC and 53% were from urban area and 47% were from rural area. 51% were from lower middle class family, 37% of cases had positive family history of psychiatric illness. In graduates & beyond patients mean awareness of illness was 3.00 ± 3.32 and mean attitude to treatment was 4.29 ± 3.73. In lower income group mean awareness of illness was 1.50 ± 2.10 and attitude to treatment was 2.69 ± 2.48. Conclusion: Insight has been associated with greater expressed willingness to take medications, better adherence to prescribed medications. It is observed here that awareness of illness was more in middle class and attitude to treatment is more in lower middle class group so service provider will give more emphasis on this two groups for better outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18722 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 25-34

Reliability of Retrospective Reports of Perceived Maternal Acceptance-Rejection in Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Cournoyer ◽  
Ronald P. Rohner
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Simple Zero ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Maternal Acceptance ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Moderate Agreement ◽  
Retrospective Reports

Research reported here addresses the issue of the reliability of retrospective reports of children's perceptions of maternal acceptance-rejection as measured by the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. A sample of 49 middle-class Caucasian 7- to 11-yr.-old children were asked to respond to the questionnaire reflecting on their mothers' current accepting-rejecting behaviors. Seven years later the same children—now adolescents—responded to the same questionnaire with the instruction to reflect back on their mothers' behavior when the youth were about 7 to 11 years of age. None of these youth recalled having been tested seven years earlier. A simple zero-order correlation between scores in childhood and adolescence was .62, indicating that adolescents' retrospective recollections were in moderate agreement with their reports during childhood. Thus, it seems clear that, at least with respect to perceptions of maternal acceptance-rejection as measured by the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, researchers can have reasonable confidence that adolescents' current recollections about their experiences of maternal acceptance-rejection are likely to be in moderate agreement with what they would have reported had they been tested during childhood.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a tribal village near Madhya Pradesh-Maharashtra border

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Mukesh S. Bawa ◽  
Amol D. Kinge ◽  
Ananta Borde ◽  
Sarika Patil ◽  
Shriram Gosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases represent a major health problem in developing countries. Conservative estimates place the global death toll from diarrhoeal diseases at about two million deaths per year (1.7 - 2.5 million deaths), ranking third among all cases of infectious disease death worldwide. The prime purpose of an outbreak investigation is to control the outbreak, limit its spread to other areas and assess how preventive strategies could be further strengthened to reduce or eliminate the risk of such outbreak in future.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study of epidemic occurred in Khetiya village, Dist Barwani (MP), population of 67,500 during 17 October 2016 to 17 November 2016. All the cases reported within last one week around the market place village in Khetiya, presenting with symptoms and signs of AGE (as per standard case definition of IDSP) and willing to participate in the investigation.Results: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.Conclusions: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.

Children's Self-Esteem and Maternal Behavior in Three Low-Income Samples

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Peterson ◽  
Lois E. Southworth ◽  
David F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Parent Behavior ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Rural Appalachia

This study examined the relationships between children's perceptions of maternal child-rearing behavior and a measure of children's self-esteem within low-income samples. Three cohort samples of 2,194 fifth and sixth grade children from rural Appalachia were surveyed. Siegelman's analysis of the Bronfenbrenner Parent Behavior Questionnaire (Cornell Parent Behavior Inventory) was used to operationalize children's perceptions of maternal loving, demanding, and punishing behaviors. Children's self-esteem was measured with the Lipsitt Self-concept Scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to replicate the findings within each of the three samples. In general, the maternal loving and demanding dimensions exhibited positive relationships, while maternal punishment was negatively correlated with children's self-esteem.

Children's Perceptions About the Quality of Pediatric Nursing Care: A Large Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dania Comparcini ◽  
Valentina Simonetti ◽  
Marco Tomietto ◽  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Tiina Pelander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pediatric Nursing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions

scholarly journals Gambaran kekerasan pada anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeka D. Radja ◽  
Theresia M.D. Kaunang ◽  
Anita E. Dundu ◽  
Herdy Munayang
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Child abuse case is increasing in society. Child abuse and neglect is defined as act or failure to fulfill its obligation as a parent or care giver, that has potential to result in serious physical or emotional injury. This study was aimed to obatin the profile of child abuse in primary school children at Malalayang Districtin Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were all primary school children in forth to sixth grade aged 9-12 years at Malalayang District Manado who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The resulst showed that child abuse was found in 99.7% respondents, mostly female (53.8%), with middle income (40%), and physical abuse as the most common type (97.8%). Conclusion: In six primary schools at Malalayang Manado, there were 99.7% children had been abused, mostly female, with middle income. The most common type of abuse was physical abuse.Keywords: child, abuse, profile Abstrak: Kasus kekerasan pada anak semakin meningkat di lingkungan masyarakat. Kekerasan pada anak dan penelantaran diartikan sebagai semua tindakan atau gagalnya memenuhi tindakan kewajiban sebagai orang tua atau pengasuh, yang berpotensial meninggalkan luka fisik maupun emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kekerasan pada anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah seluruh siswa sekolah dasar kelas 4-6 berusia 9-12 tahun di enam sekolah dasar Kecamatan Malalayang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kekerasan pada anak dialami oleh 99,7% responden, lebih banyak pada perempuan (53,8%), dengan tingkat ekonomi menengah (40%), dan kekerasan fisik sebagai kekerasan yang paling banyak dialami responden (97.8%). Simpulan: Pada enam sekolah dasar Kecamatan Malalayang didapatkan 99,7% anak mengalami kekerasan, terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, tingkat ekonomi menengah, dan jenis kekerasan fisik. Kata kunci: anak, kekerasan, profil

Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Frequency of Dental Caries among 3-11 years old patients with Maloccluded Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1880-1882
Author(s):  
Adeel Ijaz Rana ◽  
Arooj Ul Hassan ◽  
Saleem Rana ◽  
Fareed Ahmad ◽  
Ali Anwaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To explore the effect of socioeconomic status on frequency of dental caries among patients with maloccluded teeth. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Dental hospital of Institute of dentistry, CMH, Lahore Medical College, Lahore. Sample size was calculated as 330. Data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Patients of both genders between the ages of 3 to 11 years with maloccluded teeth were included. Result: According to Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale rating, gender wise comparison was conducted using chi-square test. Out of 330 participants, 28 males and 17 females were between scores of 25-29, i.e. the upper class. 91 males and 105 females were between scores of 16-25, being in upper middle class. 40 males and 45 females were scored between 5-10, being in lower middle class while 1 male and 3 females were scored <5, being in poor class. An insignificant difference of 0.20 was observed between them. The difference was nonsignificant. Conclusion: No gender wise difference was observed among patients with regards to dental caries in terms of socioeconomic status. Keywords: Malocclusion, dental caries, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene

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