scholarly journals Toxicity of Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum. Extract to Adults of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

1970 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
JU Mollah ◽  
W Islam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana

Leaf, stem and roots of Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum. were extracted in four organic solvents; petroleum spirit, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol and tested against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus F. All the tested extracts effectively produced mortality of C. maculatus and their toxicity was in order of solvents: petroleum spirit>ethyl acetate>acetone>methanol. Root extract was the most toxic to C. maculatus. Females were more tolerant than males. Key words: Extract, mortality, solvent, Thevetia peruviana, Callosobruchus maculatus. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1466 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 105-109, June 2007

scholarly journals Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities of fractions from methanol root extract of Abrus precatorius L

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka E. Okoro ◽  
Omolaja R. Osoniyi ◽  
Almas Jabeen ◽  
Sidrah Shams ◽  
M. I. Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Murine Fibroblast ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Abstract Background Abrus precatorius possesses various therapeutic properties including anticancer potentials. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of fractions of methanol root extract of A. precatorius on breast and cervical cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effect. Phytochemical screening was done by FTIR and GCMS. In vitro anti-proliferative effect was evaluated on human breast cancer (AU565) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and on murine fibroblast (NIH 3 T3) cells. Antioxidant activity was performed via DPPH radical scavenging assay. The immunomodulatory potential of fractions was evaluated by inhibition of phagocytes oxidative burst (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Results A. precatorius fractions showed different chemical groups and were somewhat selective in antiproliferative activity against studied cancer cells. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 18.10 μg/mL and 11.89 μg/mL against AU565 and HeLa cells respectively. Hexane fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited HeLa cells (IC50 18.24 ± 0.16 μg/mL), whereas aqueous fraction showed mild inhibition (IC50 46.46 ± 0.14 μg/mL) on AU565 cell proliferation. All fractions showed no cytotoxicity against NIH-3 T3 murine fibroblast normal cells. All fractions showed potent and significant (p < 0.001) DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as suppressed phagocytic oxidative burst. Hexane (< 1 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL), and butanol (5.74 μg/mL) fractions potently inhibited the cytokine TNF- α, hexane (< 1 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL) fractions also potently inhibited NO. Conclusions The antiproliferative activities and suppressive effect on the phagocytic oxidative burst, NO and proinflammatory cytokine might be due to the synergistic actions of bioactive compounds especially flavonoids present in the assayed fractions and therefore, suggest chemotherapeutic use of A. precatorius in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Slender Amaranth Weed

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AKBAR ◽  
I.N. SHERAZI ◽  
M.S. IQBAL ◽  
T. KHALIL ◽  
H.M. WAQAS
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Root Extract

ABSTRACT: In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity] activities of a weed, slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) were investigated. Extracts of different plant parts were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was measured by using 100 mg mL-1 concentration extracts against 4 deadly phytopathogenic bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, Erwinia carotovora (Jones), Holland and Xanthomonas axonopodis Hasse. In antioxidants assays, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 extracts were used keeping DPPH as control. In these bioassays, ethyl acetate fraction of A. viridis leaf exhibited the best antibacterial and antioxidants activity. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) where it caused 21 mm IZD against P. syringae and 19 mm IZD against E. carotovora. This extract also showed 22, 52 and 84% antioxidant activity at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Previously there is no report available that describes antibacterial activity of root extract of A. viridis against P. syringae. Moreover, antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was investigated first time in the world. It was concluded that the biological activities observed during the present investigation may be due to the presence of bioactive constituents that can be harnessed as natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

Isolation of the virus inhibitor from the root extract of Boerhaavia diffusa inducing systemic resistance in plants

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Verma ◽  
L. P. Awasthi ◽  
K. C. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Virus Inhibitor ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa

An antiviral agent, active against spherical and tubular viruses in hypersensitive and systemic hosts, has been isolated from the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa. Partial purification of inhibitor by organic solvents, Sephadex gel, and protein precipitants has been achieved. Preliminary analysis indicates that the inhibitor may be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 16 000–20 000 daltons.

scholarly journals Effect of Root Extract Fractions of Kyllinga triceps Rottb on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Swaroopa Rani Vanapatla ◽  
G Krishna Mohan ◽  
B Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Acute Study

The present study was aimed to evaluate the root extract fractions of Kyllinga triceps (KT) for their antidiabetic potential on streptozotocin induced diabetes in neonatal rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (90mg/kg) to 48±2h old neonatal rats. Effect of root extract fractions (toluene, ethyl acetate, 1- butanol at 50 &100 mg/kg.) were tested for their antihyperglycemic activity by measuring their fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats at 0,2,4,6,8,12 & 24 h after the treatment. In sub acute study ethyl acetate fraction of KT (EAKT) was administered daily to diabetic rats orally at a dose of 100mg/kg for 28 days. Body weight of the animals and blood glucose level were observed at weekly interval during the study. Cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, SGPT, ALP, creatinine and total proteins level in serum were also estimated at the initial and after 28 days of the treatment. As the preliminary investigation conducted in our lab on methanolic extract of the roots of KT had showed significant oral glucose tolerance with 200 mg/kg in normal rats. Oral administration of fractions of the plant significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Among the fractions, EAKT was found to be more effective. Further, in sub-acute study, EAKT, showed a significant anti diabetic activity by reversal of the altered afore said serum biochemical parameters. The results of the study are substantiating the traditional claim of the roots of Kyllinga triceps in the treatment of diabetes with a scope for development of antidiabetic herbal drug from EAKT.   Key words: Antidiabetic activity; Kyllinga triceps; Ethyl acetate fraction; Streptozotocin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8863 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 25-30

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum L. Extracted in Different Organic Solvents

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemechu Ameya ◽  
Aseer Manilal ◽  
Behailu Merdekios
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Pathogens

Background: Controlling infectious disease using medicinal plants is the oldest healthcare known to mankind. Regardless of the enormous advances observed in modern medicine, medicinal plants are still playing vital roles. However, only a small proportion of medicinal plants are examined for bioactive compounds which may vary in different factors. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of Nicotiana tabacum L. extracted by different solvents against three set of bacteria. Methods: Nicotiana tabacum L. was collected from the Western Ethiopia and extracted in seven organic solvents. An in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of plant extracts was carried out by agar well diffusion assay against microbial type culture collection of human pathogens, clinical bacterial isolates, and biofilm forming bacteria. Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical constituents. Results: Antimicrobial activities of plant extract vary by extraction solvents; and ethyl acetate based extracts showed better antimicrobial activities. Of the experimental organisms, biofilm forming uropathogens were the most sensitive while clinical isolates were quite resistant. Analysis of the active ethyl acetate extract by GC-MS evinced a mixture of five volatile compounds; and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S) was the major compound detected. The overall results of the present study revealed that N. tabacum L extract has high antimicrobial activities against biofilm forming uropathogens. Conclusion: High antimicrobial activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of N. tabacum against the biofilm forming bacteria whereas the clinically isolated bacteria were the most resistant group. The antibacterial property demonstrated could be due to Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-(S) with a broad spectrum of activity.

scholarly journals Bioactivity-guided isolation of alkamides from a cytotoxic fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. roots.

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Souad Hamimed ◽  
Nadji Boulebda ◽  
Hocine Laouer ◽  
Abdelmalik Belkhiri
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Abstract Introduction. The alcohol extract of Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum) roots has been previously shown to exert anticancer activities on the Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (HCT) by targeting apoptosis, metastasis and cell cycle arrest. However, the nature of the cytotoxic molecules associated with this activity remains unexplored. Aims. This study aims to reinvestigate Pellitory root extract as regard to its cytotoxic activity and to proceed to a bioguided fractionation to explore its active fraction and to give new insight in their phytochemical constituents. Methods. Powdered roots were subjected to repeated extraction with Petroleum ether (Pe), Chloroform (Ch), Ethyl acetate (Ea) and Methanol (Me). Pellitory extracts were then screened for cytotoxic activity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) bioassay. Results. Ea extract exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity, with LC50 of 249.26 μg/mL in the BSL bioassay. The remaining extracts (Pe,Ch,Me) treated groups exhibited no or low mortality in the range of tested concentrations (1-1000 µg/mL). BSL assay-guided chromatographic fractionation of Ea active Extract revealed a highly cytotoxic fraction (F11) with LC50 of 42.5 µg/mL. Multistep purifications of the active F11 fraction afforded four alkamides, namely N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide or Pellitorine (I), N-propyldodeca- -2,8-dienamide (II), N-isobutyltetradeca-2,4-dienamide (III) and N-propylnona-2,5- -dienamide (IV). Conclusions. This study suggests that cytotoxic activity is localized mainly in the ethyl acetate extract (Ea) of pellitory roots. BSL assay fractionation of this active extract leads to the isolation of four alkamides, including pellitorine (I). While this isobutyl alkamide has previously shown strong cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines, the other compounds (II to IV) were not previously reported as cytotoxic. Subsequently, the isolated alkamides will be considered in future study as candidates for in depth in-vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity against cancer and normal cell lines. Finally, through this study, BSL assay demonstrate again its usefulness as bench-top assay in exploring plant extracts for cytotoxic compounds.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Antipyretic and Antioxidant Activities of 80% Methanol Root Extract and Derived Solvent Fraction of Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae) in Mice Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Yimer ◽  
Yohannes Kelifa Emiru ◽  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Amien Ewunetei ◽  
Meaza Adugna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Solvent Fraction

Background. Toxicity and untoward effects are very ostensible in most standard drugs including antipyretic agents. Searching for conceivable antipyretic drugs with minimal toxicities and side effects from traditional plants is a growing concern to date. Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae) is one of the most prominent traditional medicinal plants, which is frequently testified for its traditionally claimed uses of treating fever and different infectious and noninfectious disorders by traditional healers in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, this plant has not been scientifically assessed for its traditionally claimed uses. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the antipyretic and antioxidant activities of 80% methanol root extract and the derived solvent fraction of Echinops kebericho M. in mouse models. Methods. Successive solvent maceration with increased polarity was used as the method of extractions, and chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water were used as solvents. After extraction, the crude extract and its derived solvent fractions were assessed for their antipyretic activities using yeast-induced pyrexia while, the antioxidant activities were measured in vitro using the diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. Both the extract and solvent fractions were evaluated at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for its antipyretic activities, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated at the doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg. The positive control group was treated with standard drug (ASA 100 mg/kg), while normal saline-receiving groups were assigned as negative control. Result. E. kebericho crude extract along with its derived solvent fractions showed statistically significant ( p < 0.05 , 0.01, and 0.001) temperature reduction activities. The maximum percentage of temperature reduction was observed by the highest dose (400 mg/kg) of the crude extract. The aqueous fraction also showed significantly ( p < 0.05 and 0.01) higher temperature reduction than those of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The free radical scavenging activities of the crude extract were also significantly high at the maximum dose, and the aqueous fraction showed the significantly highest antioxidant activity. Conclusion. In general, the data obtained from the present study clarified that the extract possessed significant antipyretic and antioxidant activities, upholding the traditionally claimed use of the plant.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity on Specific Immune Function in Albino Mice Exposed to Extract and Fractions of Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq) HM. Hernández Roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Oghenesuvwe D. Warren ◽  
Bonaventure C. Obi ◽  
Uchenna C. Abonyi ◽  
Theophine C. Akunne
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Adhesion ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results

Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq) HM. Hernández popularly called “Elugelu” belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is reportedly used in traditional medicine as anti-diarrhoea, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic and in management of autoimmune disorders. The immunomodulatory activity of methanol root extract and fractions of Zapoteca portoricensis was evaluated using three experimental models: neutrophil adhesion, haemagglutination antibody (HA) titre and delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) of an immune response in mice. Five (5) groups of mice (n=5) were used; group I was the normal control; group II was the standard control (levamisole, 2.5 mg/kg) while groups IIIA–C, IVA–C and VA–C received graded doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of methanol extract (ME), ethyl acetate fraction (EF) and methanol fraction (MF), respectively. Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs; 0.1 ml) were injected subcutaneously to sensitize the animals. The study results showed that the methanol fraction (MF) exhibited the highest percentage (46.12%) in neutrophil adhesion followed by the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) (37.06%) at 100 mg/kg dose, respectively, compared with the normal control. The highest percentage increase in both primary and secondary antibody titre was found to be ME (85.19%, 43.20%), EF (91.53%, 102.67%) and MF (128.31%, 111.89%) at 50 mg/kg dose, respectively compared to the normal control. The EF at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg produced the highest percentage inhibition (56.57%, 58.33%) in DTH response, respectively, followed by MF (42.46%) at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Oral administration of Z. portoricensis exhibited immunomodulatory effects on specific components of the immune system in mice.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Akar Bawang Merah Lokal Palu (Allium cepa Var Aggergatum L.) dengan Berbagai Kepolaran Pelarut

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Nur Faidah ◽  
Nurhaeni ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Jusman ◽  
Abd. Rahman Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Keywords Antioxidants

Research on the antioxidant activity of the local onion roots of Palu (Allium cepa Var Aggregatum L.) with various polarity solvents has been carried out. This study aims to determine the potential of Palu local shallot root extract as an antioxidant and determine the IC50 value of the Palu local shallot root antioxidant activity. The method applied in this research is maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts from each solvent were tested for their antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The results of the study showed that the IC50 value in n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract were 579.98 ppm, 518.28 ppm 315.83 ppm and as a comparison used ascorbic acid obtained IC50 of 53.69 ppm. Based on the results obtained, the best antioxidant activity is in polar solvents (ethanol extract) compared to other solvents. Keywords: Antioxidants, roots, Palu local shallots, Allium cepa Var Aggregatum L.

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