scholarly journals First Degree Relatives of Bangladeshi Prediabetic Subjects are at Increased Risk for Developing Glucose Intolerance

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
SM Shefin ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
SH Khandker ◽  
ZA Latif ◽  
L Ali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Major Target

Background: The racial variation in genetic susceptibility of Type2 diabetes mellitus is well established. The stages of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (collectively known as ‘prediabetic stages) are combined to be intermediate in the natural history of diabetes, but their genetic susceptibility are still a matter of investigation. Family study is the primary step to explore genetic susceptibility. In particular, there has been no study in Bangladesh related to genetics of prediabetes. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the genetic susceptibility of prediabetes in Bangladeshi population by observing the clustering of dysglycemia in first degree relatives of prediabetes. Methodology: The study was designed as an experimental group comparison study. Newly detected prediabetic subjects (isolated IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT) were collected from BIRDEM OPD and reconfirmed by OGTT following WHO guidelines and sub grouped. Relatives of the prediabetes, up to first generation, were included as cases and termed as R-IFG (first degree relatives of IFG), R-IGT (first degree relatives of IGT), R-IFG-IGT (first degree relatives of IFG-IGT) corresponding to the subgroups of prediabetes. Each relative underwent an OGTT following the same guideline. Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. Results: Different types of prediabetic subjects (IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT) and their first degree relatives (R_IFG, R_IGT, R_IFG+IGT) were studied. Among 41 first degree relatives of IFG (R_IFG), 2 (4.9%) had IFG, 4 (9.8%) had IGT, 1 (2.4%) had combined IFG+IGT, 5 (12.5%) had T2 DM and 29 (70.7%) had normoglycemia. Among 116 first degree relatives of IGT (R_IGT) none (0.00%) had IFG, 15 (12.9%) had IGT, 2 (1.7%) had combined IFG+IGT, 22 (19%) had diabetes and 77 (66.4%) having absolutely normal OGTT reports. Among 76 first degree relatives of IFG+IGT (R_IFG+IGT), 2 (2.6%) had IFG, 4 (5.3%) had IGT, 1 (1.3%) had combined IFG+IGT, 19 (25%) had diabetes and 50 (65.8%) were normoglycemic. Conclusion: Clustering of pre-diabetes and diabetes is present in families of prediabetic subjects and they should be taken as a major target for primary prevention of these disorders. Key words: Prediabetes; IFG; IGT; IFG+IGT; First degree relatives; Glucose intolerance. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v29i1.7167J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29:21-26

scholarly journals Assessment of plasma blood sugar level in first degree relatives of known type 2 diabetes patients: a descriptive study from Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
J. K. Deshmukh ◽  
P. Y. Mulay ◽  
Amit G. Naghate ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: There is steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 0.73% to current 2.4% in rural and 4.0% to 11.6% in urban areas. Familial clustering of diabetes may support a genetic predisposition to diabetes. With increase in the prevalence of diabetes there is increase in number of first degree relative as well, thus an increased risk of developing diabetes, will also increase. To study the plasma glucose levels in First-degree relatives of family member of type 2 diabetic patients was the objective of the present study.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study with 1020 individuals serially coming to our outpatient Department for Pre-employment Medical Health Check Up Annual Health Check Up were selected. These individuals have been enrolled for the study and their family history of diabetes was noted, their sugar levels and their lipid levels were estimated and their body mass index was calculated. The data thus collected and analyzed with excel.Results: 184 (18%) individuals were FDRs, were as 836 (82%) individuals were Non-FDRs. There were 754 (74%) males [131(17%) FDR and 623(83%) Non-FDR], were as 213 (26%) females [53(20%) FDR and 213(80%) Non-FDR], 61(6%) individuals were having Diabetic Mother, 91(9%) individuals had Diabetic Father and 32(3%) were those in whom both the Parents were Diabetic. It was found that maternal history has strong association for getting abnormal BSL levels as compared to a diabetic father as the RR of 9.82 (95% 4.84 to 19.95) in individuals with mother being diabetic, and RR of 1.54(95% 0.68 to 3.87) of father being diabetic.Conclusions: Family history of diabetes, maternal history of diabetes and history of both the parents having diabetes are risk factors for diabetes in FDRs.

scholarly journals Periodontal disease and effects of antipsychotic medications in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia: a population-based retrospective cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Fang Hu ◽  
Pei-Shan Ho ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Chou ◽  
Jui-Hsiu Tsai ◽  
Chung-Hung Richard Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Aim Compared with the general population, individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of periodontal disease, which can potentially reduce their life expectancy. However, evidence for the early development of periodontal disease in schizophrenia is scant. The current study investigated risk factors for periodontal disease in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methods We identified a population-based cohort of patients in Taiwan with newly diagnosed schizophrenia who developed periodontal disease within 1 year of their schizophrenia diagnosis. Treatment with antipsychotics and other medications was categorised according to medication type and duration, and the association between medication use and the treated periodontal disease was assessed through logistic regression. Results Among 3610 patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia, 2373 (65.7%) had an incidence of treated periodontal disease during the 1-year follow-up. Female sex (adjusted odds ratios [OR] 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.63); young age (adjusted OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–0.99); a 2-year history of periodontal disease (adjusted OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.84–3.26); high income level (adjusted OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.64–3.06) and exposure to first-generation (adjusted OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.54–2.32) and secondary-generation (adjusted OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.11–1.58) antipsychotics, anticholinergics (adjusted OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03–1.50) and antihypertensives (adjusted OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.64–2.23) were independent risk factors for periodontal disease. Hyposalivation – an adverse effect of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) (adjusted OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.63–2.45), anticholinergics (adjusted OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05–1.53) and antihypertensives (adjusted OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.63–2.22) – was associated with increased risk of periodontal disease. Therefore, hypersalivation due to FGA use (adjusted OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59–0.88) was considered a protective factor. Conclusions The current study highlights that early prevention of periodontal disease in individuals with schizophrenia is crucial. Along with paying more attention to the development of periodontal disease, assessing oral health regularly, helping with oral hygiene, and lowering consumption of sugary drinks and tobacco, emphasis should also be given by physicians to reduce the prescription of antipsychotics to the extent possible under efficacious pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia.

Pancreatic injury, genetic variation of PNPLA3, and risk of pancreatic cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aly ◽  
Ibrahim Halil Sahin ◽  
Donghui Li ◽  
Mohamed Fahd Khalil ◽  
Ping Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity ◽  
Pancreatic Steatosis

141 Background: Similar to primary liver cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hepatitis B virus infection have been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) development. A genome-wide association study has reported that a polymorphic variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene was associated with a higher susceptibility to fatty liver and liver cancer. The relationship between this variation and PC has not been previously examined. We investigated the correlation in the degree of organ damage between the liver and the pancreas in patients with PC. In addition, we examined the effect of PNPLA3genetic variation (rs738409: C>G) on PC development. Methods: Using resources of our case-control study in MD Anderson Cancer Center, we analyzed 544 pathologically confirmed PC patients and 498 healthy controls. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age, gender, and race. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for the confounding factors. Medical records of PC patients were reviewed for pancreatic and liver fatty changes. Results: We found that 18.8% of PC patients had evidence of pancreatic steatosis, fibrosis, or pancreatitis. Fatty liver was observed in 14.5% of PC patients which was frequently detected in patients with pancreatitis (p=0.002). A significant correlation between pancreatitis and cirrhosis was observed in PC patients with a prior history of obesity but not in patients without a history of obesity (p=0.001). On the other hand, we observed no significant association between PNPLA3 genotype and risk of PC. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-2.7) for the homozygous variant GG genotype compared with the CC/CG genotypes. Conclusions: We concluded that despite the similarities between the liver and the pancreas, genetic susceptibility to fatty infiltration and its effect on cancer development may differ between the two organs. Evaluation and assessment of nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) in PC patients and genetic susceptibility of NAFPD may be warranted in future research.

scholarly journals Rhino-orbito-Cerebral mucormycosis during COVID 19 pandemic in western Uttar Pradesh India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Mohit Srivastava ◽  
Keshav Gupta ◽  
Veenita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mucormycosis (Black fungus) is a designated as a rare, rapidly progressive fatal disease of immunocompromised caused by saprophytic fungus of family mucorales. Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical treatment is the only tool available. Rhino-orbito-cerebral is the most common subtype. In India we saw a sudden rise in mucormycosis cases during second wave of COVID 19. This necessitated a systematic review of epidemic of mucormycosis in COVID 19.A Retrospective multi-centric study was conducted comprising of 51 cases of Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with present or recent COVID19 in Western Uttar Pradesh positive status presenting to us during 14 April 2021- 31 May 2021.Either Type2 Diabetes Mellitus or history of recent use of steroids in high doses was present in all the patients. Contribution of virulence of the Delta strain B1.617.2 is significant. FESS with sino-nasal debridement contributes significantly towards mortality reduction and cost of total treatment by significantly reducing days of Liposomal Amphotericin B therapy.Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical management along with blood sugar control and avoiding use of high dose of steroids remain to key to mortality and morbidity reduction.

scholarly journals Importance of Family History of Colorectal Carcinoma In Situ Versus Invasive Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yu Tian ◽  
Elham Kharazmi ◽  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Xing Xu ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the risk of invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) in relatives of patients with colorectal carcinoma in situ (CCIS), which is lacking in the literature. Patients and Methods: We collected data from Swedish family-cancer datasets and calculated standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and cumulative risk of CRC in family histories of CCIS in first- and second-degree relatives. Family history was defined as a dynamic (time-dependent) variable allowing for changes during the follow-up period from 1958 to 2015. Of 12,829,251 individuals with available genealogical data, 173,796 were diagnosed with CRC and 40,558 with CCIS. Results: The lifetime (0–79 years) cumulative risk of CRC in first-degree relatives of patients with CCIS was 6.5%, which represents a 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.5–1.7; n=752) increased risk. A similarly increased lifetime cumulative risk (6.7%) was found among first-degree relatives of patients with CRC (SIR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.6–1.7; n=6,965). An increased risk of CRC was also found in half-siblings of patients with CCIS (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0; n=18) and also in half-siblings of patients with CRC (SIR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1; n=78). Moreover, the increased risk of CRC was higher for younger age at diagnosis of CCIS in the affected first-degree relative and for younger age at diagnosis of CRC in the index person. Conclusions: Results of this study show that first-degree relatives and half-siblings of patients with CCIS have an increased risk of CRC, which is comparable in magnitude to the risk of those with a family history of invasive CRC. These findings extend available evidence on familial risk of CRC and may help to refine guidelines and recommendations for CRC screening.

scholarly journals Facial Characteristics and Olfactory Dysfunction: Two Endophenotypes Related to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roosenboom ◽  
I. Saey ◽  
H. Peeters ◽  
K. Devriendt ◽  
P. Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Facial Phenotype ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nasal Region ◽  
Analysis Of The Images

Evidence exists for the presence of a specific facial phenotype in nonaffected first-degree relatives of persons with CL/P. An increased risk for olfactory dysfunction has also been reported in CL/P-relatives. These phenotypic features can probably be explained via the presence of CL/P-related susceptibility genes. We aimed at confirming the occurrence of these endophenotypic traits in first-degree CL/P-relatives, and we investigated the link between the facial phenotype and the smell capacity in this group. We studied the facial morphology of 88 nonaffected first-degree relatives of patients with CL/P and 33 control subjects without family history of facial clefting by 3D surface imaging and a spatially dense analysis of the images. Smell testing was performed in 30 relatives and compared with 23 control subjects. Nonaffected relatives showed midface retrusion, hypertelorism, and olfactory dysfunction, compared to controls. In addition, we show for the first time that olfactory dysfunction in relatives is correlated to a smaller upper nasal region. This might be explained by a smaller central olfactory system. The different facial morphology in the relatives with olfactory impairment as compared to the total group may be an illustration of the contribution of different genetic backgrounds to the occurrence of CL/P via different biological pathways.

scholarly journals The Risk for Glucose Intolerance after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus since the Introduction of the IADPSG Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benhalima ◽  
Lens ◽  
Bosteels ◽  
Chantal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
International Association ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
History Of

The aim of the study was to assess the postpartum risk for glucose intolerance since the introduction of the ‘International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups’ (IADPSG) criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Studies published since 2010 were included, which evaluated the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and cardiovascular (CV) events in women with previous GDM compared to normal glucose tolerant women. We included forty-three studies, evaluating 4,923,571 pregnant women of which 5.8% (284,312) had a history of GDM. Five studies used IADPSG criteria (n = 6174 women, 1314 with GDM). The overall pooled relative risk (RR) for postpartum T2DM was 7.42 (95% CI: 5.99–9.19) and the RR for postpartum T2DM with IADPSG criteria was 6.45 (95% CI: 4.74–8.77) compared to the RR of 9.08 (95% CI: 6.96–11.85; p = 0.17) for postpartum T2DM based on other diagnostic criteria. The RR for postpartum IGT was 2.45 (95% CI: 1.92–3.13), independent of the criteria used. None of the available studies with IADPSG criteria evaluated the risk for CV events. Women with a history of GDM based on the IADPSG criteria have a similarly increased risk for postpartum glucose intolerance compared to GDM based on other diagnostic criteria. More studies with GDM based on the IADPSG criteria are needed to increase the quality of evidence concerning the long-term metabolic risk.

scholarly journals RHINO-ORBITO-CEREBRAL MUCORMYCOSIS (BLACK FUNGUS) IN COVID 19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 9 (upjohns/volume9/Issue2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Keshav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Type2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Second Wave

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Mucormycosis (Black fungus) is a designated as a rare, rapidly progressive fatal disease of immunocompromised caused by saprophytic fungus of family mucorales. Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical treatment is the only tool available. Rhino-orbito-cerebral is the most common subtype. In India we saw a sudden rise in mucormycosis cases during second wave of COVID 19. This necessitated a systematic review of epidemic of mucormycosis in COVID 19. METHODS A Retrospective multi-centric study was conducted at various Government and Private Hospitals of Western UP comprising of 51 cases of Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis with present or recent COVID19 positive status presenting to us during 14th April 2021- 31st May 2021. RESULT Either Type2 Diabetes Mellitus or history of recent use of steroids in high doses was present in all the patients. Contribution of virulence of the Delta strain B1.617.2 is significant. FESS with sino-nasal debridement contributes significantly towards mortality reduction and cost of total treatment by significantly reducing days of Liposomal Amphotericin B therapy. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical management along with blood sugar control and avoiding use of high dose of steroids remain to key to mortality and morbidity reduction. Keywords: Black fungus, mucor, mucormycosis, rhino-orbito-cerebral, causes, treatment, covid 19, India, sugar, steroids, steam, oxygen, surgery

Differences in the Distribution of Cytogenetic Subtypes Between Multiple Myeloma Patients with and without a History of Familial MGUS and Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4000-4000
Author(s):  
Alexandra Greenberg ◽  
Margot Cousin ◽  
Celine M Vachon ◽  
Dirk Larson ◽  
Colin L. Colby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Family History ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Familial Tendency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Abstract 4000 Background: We have previously reported that there is an increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple myeloma (Vachon CM. Blood 2009 114: 785–790). There are several cytogenetic subtypes of myeloma, and there are no data on whether certain cytogenetic subtypes of myeloma are more frequently associated with familial MGUS. Methods: We studied patients with myeloma who participated in the familial MGUS study in whom presence or absence of MGUS in the first-degree relatives had been ascertained (Vachon CM. Blood 2009 114: 785–790). Probands were seen at the Mayo Clinic Hematology/Oncology practice (Rochester, MN, USA) between February 2006 and September 2007. Cytogenetic data was acquired via electronic medical record abstraction of fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) lab reports, and used to categorize patients into one of nine cytogenetic subgroups: trisomy(ies), t(6;14), t(11;14), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), Mixed (those with trisomy(ies) and an IgH translocation), other cytogenetic abnormalities (in the absence of trisomy(ies) or IgH translocation), and normal (Kumar S. Blood 2012;119:2100–2105). We examined whether a difference in the distribution of the six primary cytogenetic categories of myeloma existed between probands with a family history of MGUS and/or myeloma and those without. Results and Conclusions: Of the 248 patients invited to participate, FISH data (with sufficient plasma cells) was available on 119 participants to establish the primary molecular cytogenetic classification of myeloma. All had available information regarding family history of MGUS and multiple myeloma. 27 had an affected first-degree relative with MGUS, and 92 did not. Distributions of cytogenetic subtypes in the two groups are shown in Table 1. IgH translocated MM was more common in myeloma patients who lacked an affected first-degree relative compared to those with familial MGUS (19% vs 30%, P=0.32) Interestingly, the t(11;14) subtype was more common in myeloma patients without familial MGUS compared to those with an first-degree relative with MGUS (19.6% vs 7.4%, P=0.24). The differences in Table 1 did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the small numbers of individuals with a family history in this sample. However, the distribution (Table 1) suggests that the distribution of cytogenetic subtypes may be different in myeloma that is not associated with familial MGUS compared with myeloma in which a familial tendency is detected. IgH translocated MM appears to have a lower risk of familial tendency. Further investigation is needed to estimate the risk of familial MGUS within each cytogenetic subtype. Disclosures: Kumar: Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria; Millennium: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document