An Experimental Investigation of Relationship between surface Hardness and Strength of Locally produced TMT 500W bar in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Sazzad Ahmad ◽  
Wahidur Rahman Sajal
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Core Hardness ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Deformed Bar

The high-strength mild steel bars (usually low carbon steel) are widely used for structural purposes throughout the world including Bangladesh. The strength of these deformed barsis measured through a sample decimation process via Universal Testing Machine (UTM), after which the broken pieces are discarded as scrap for recycling. Therefore, measuring the hardness of steel could be a good indication of strength and will involve less sample and short time for testing. The strength–hardness relationship for steel and cast iron is well defined. However, the TMT 500W deformed bar using in Bangladesh has different structural phenomena due to its unique fabrication technique. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the strength varies with hardness for this grade of steel. The current research aims to explore the hardness–strength relationship for TMT (Thermomechanical Treatment) 500W bar as an alternate of the tensile test to minimize the wastage, cost and time of testing. Several TMT 500W bars were collected from the local market and measured the Rockwell Hardness B (HRB), strength and other relevant macroscopic/microscopic parameters. Finally, two empirical relationships of yield and tensile strength have been established using rim hardness, core hardness, and rim thickness data. The actual strength data shows a good agreement with present findings and the result variation is found less than 2% and 3% in the case of yield strength and tensile strength respectively. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 113-122

scholarly journals The Effect of Current Strength Towards ABREX Steel 400 Pulling Strength by Using SMAW Welding with Electrode E7018

Teknomekanik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizki ◽  
Nelvi Erizon ◽  
Budi Syahri ◽  
Rodger Eliab Jr
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Metal Welding ◽  
A Current

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of variations in welding current strength on the tensile strength of ABREX 400 steel weld joints. The results of this study are expected to give contribution toward the world of metal welding, especially low carbon steel metal welding which will later be beneficial for the development of the metal industry and technology. The method used in this research was the experimental method. In addition, the process of welding the material used SMAW welding and the type of seam V connection and the variations in the current strength used are 90 A, 100 A, and 110 A. The specimen used was a TRS 400 low carbon steel plate with a thickness of 10 mm and the electrode used was the E7018 electrode Ø 3.2 mm. The standard specimen used was ASTM-8 and the test was carried out using the Universal Testing Machine tensile test device. As a result, the research showed that the tensile strength at a current of 90 A was 588.91 N / mm2, a current of 100 A was 570.56 N / mm2, and a current of 100 A was 545.17 N / mm2. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that welding using a current strength of 90 A produces the highest tensile strength value, namely 588.91 N / mm2 compared to currents of 100 A and 110 A.

scholarly journals Effect of Aluminum on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weld Metal of Q960 Steel

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zongxuan Zou ◽  
Zhengjun Liu ◽  
Xingyu Ai ◽  
Dan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Al Content ◽  
The Impact

High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel is used in important steel structural members because of its strength and plastic toughness. Q960 steel is HSLA steel obtained by adding an appropriate amount of alloy elements and quenching and tempering treatment on the basis of ordinary low-carbon steel. This kind of steel has strong hardenability due to the alloy elements added. Cold cracks, embrittlement and softening of the heat-affected zone easily occur after welding. In particular, the low-temperature impact toughness cannot meet the requirements and limits its use. In this paper, self-shielded welding is used to adjust the content of aluminum in flux-cored wire. The relationship between weld metal (WM) microstructure and strength and properties was studied by tensile test and impact test, and the influence mechanism of Al content on weld metal microstructure and properties was analyzed. The results show that when the content of Al is 0.21%, the impact energy at 0 °C~−60 °C is the best, the tensile strength can reach 1035 MPA and the number of pores is small. The size of inclusions in WM is mostly less than 1.0 μm Al2O3 spherical oxide. It can become the center of acicular ferrite (AF) and increase the nucleation probability. However, with the increase of Al content, large irregular AlN inclusions are produced, which reduces the tensile strength and impact energy of the welded joint.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Isothermal Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of the Low-Carbon Steel Treated by Dual-Stable C-Mn Partitioning Process

Scanning ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cainian Jing ◽  
Xiaoyun Ding ◽  
Daomin Ye ◽  
Jingrui Zhao ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stabilization Time ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mn Steel ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Property

The stability of retained austenite was improved by the dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process. The phase transformation and element diffusion of dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process of tested steel were investigated by means of EPMA, SEM, OM, tensile testing machine, and other analysis methods. The effects of the first and second austenite stabilization time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-C-Si-Mn steel were studied, respectively. The enrichment of C and Mn elements is obvious after the dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process, and the microstructure of the tested steel is constituted of martensite, ferrite, and retained austenite. Compared with the conventional Q&P steel, the tensile strength of the steel treated by the dual-stable C-Mn partitioning process is slightly lower, but the plasticity is improved significantly. The tensile strength is 875-910 MPa, the elongation is 20-24%, and the product of strength and elongation can reach 21 GPa·%.

scholarly journals The Effect on Using Different Types of Electrodes toward the Tensile Strength of the Welding Joints Groove V Low Carbon Steel Type DIN 1.0038

Teknomekanik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yogi Fernando ◽  
Rodesri Mulyadi ◽  
Ambiyar Ambiyar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Welding Joints ◽  
The One ◽  
Plate Type

The choice of electrode type in welding will affect the strength of the welding result. The aim of this study was to determine the effect on using different type of electrode on the tensile strength of low carbon steel type 1.0038 by using experimental method. The welding was conducted using Groove V. In addition, the specimens used in this research were the low carbon steel plate type 1.0038 with a thickness of 8 mm and were given SMAW treatment using 2 different types of electrodes, namely E 6013 and E 7016 whose diameters were 2.6 and 3.2 mm. The standard specimen used was ASTM-E8 and being tested using a Universal Testing Machine. Based on the research that had been conducted, it was obtained that the steel type 1.0038 welded using E 7016 electrodes had a higher tensile strength than the one using E 6013.

MITTAL DI-FORM T590, T600

Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Ferrite Phase ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steel ◽  
Soft Ferrite

Abstract MITTAL DI-FORM T590 and T600 are low-carbon dual-phase steels containing manganese and silicon. Dual-phase (DP) steels are important advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) products developed for the automotive industry. Their microstructure typically consists of a soft ferrite phase with dispersed islands of a hard martensite phase. The martensite phase is substantially stronger than the ferrite phase. The DI-FORM grades exhibit low yield-to-tensile strength ratios. The numeric designation in the grade name corresponds to the tensile strength in MPa. This datasheet provides information on microstructure, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming. Filing Code: SA-558. Producer or source: Mittal Steel USA Flat Products.

scholarly journals Materials for Automotive Lightweighting

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Taub ◽  
Emmanuel De Moor ◽  
Alan Luo ◽  
David K. Matlock ◽  
John G. Speer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the weight of automobiles is a major contributor to increased fuel economy. The baseline materials for vehicle construction, low-carbon steel and cast iron, are being replaced by materials with higher specific strength and stiffness: advanced high-strength steels, aluminum, magnesium, and polymer composites. The key challenge is to reduce the cost of manufacturing structures with these new materials. Maximizing the weight reduction requires optimized designs utilizing multimaterials in various forms. This use of mixed materials presents additional challenges in joining and preventing galvanic corrosion.

Laser Forming for Flexible Fabrication

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Koichi Masubuchi ◽  
Jerry E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Network Models ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Neural Network Models

A 36-month program supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility to predictably laser form a variety of ferrous and non-ferrous metals of different thickness. Laser forming provides a method of producing complex shapes in sheet, plate, and tubing without the use of tooling, molds, or dies. By heating a localized area with a laser beam, it is possible to create stress states that result in predictable deformation. This research program has developed, refined and demonstrated constitutive and empirical, and neural network models to predict deformation as a function of critical parametric variables and established an understanding of the effect of laser forming on some metallurgical properties of materials. The program was organized into two, time-phased tasks. The first task involved forming flat plates to one-dimensional (I -D) shapes, such as, hinge bends in various materials including low-carbon steel, high-strength steels, nickel-based super alloys, and aluminum alloys. The second task expanded the work conducted in the first task to investigate three-dimensional (3-D) configurations. The models were updated, 3-D specimens fabricated and evaluated, and cost benefit analyses were performed.

An Exceptional Synergy of High Strength, Ductility and Toughness in a Gradient-Structured Low-Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 5788-5793
Author(s):  
Yindong Shi ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Hailong Xie ◽  
Yajun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon

Relations of Low-Carbon Steel Surface Layer Hardness of Hard Facing and Welding Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 1338-1342
Author(s):  
Zheng Guan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Electrode ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface

through super-hard wear-resistant surface electrode surfacing D707 in Low-carbon steel. We have analysis the effect of welding process parameters and post-weld heat treatment process on low carbon steel surface hardness of cladding layer. The experimental results show that: after quenching hardness value no significant change; But after annealing the hardness value decreased and after annealing the crystal grain of the underlying tissues uniformization become tiny. micro-hardness testing is carried out in the weld cross-section, we have find out that from the base metal to the cladding layer the surface hardness values is getting higher and higher, while the indentation is getting smaller and smaller. Because hardness is a measure of wear resistance materials, thus it can indirectly show that when low-carbon steel surface electrode in the super-hard wear-resistant surfacing welding layer, it can improve the surface hardness of low carbon steel and improve wear resistance of low carbon steel surface.

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