scholarly journals Investigation on antimicrobial activities of the plant Swertia chirata Ham.

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Jesmin Sultana ◽  
Md Tamzid Hossain Molla ◽  
MT Alam ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Neutral Alumina ◽  
Swertia Chirata

Biological activities of fresh stem of the plant Swertia chirata Ham. (F. Gentianaceae) extracted in rectified spirit is reported here. The crude rectified spirit extract was fractionated by using standard chromatographic techniques on alumina, which gave six fractions (A, B, C, D, E & F). When subjected to column chromatographic analysis on neutral alumina, fraction D yielded a pure compound tentatively known as AJ-1 that have melting point of 178° C. AJ-1 was screened for its antibacterial activities against 12 pathogenic bacteria, 6 Gram positive and 6 Gram negative, by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 200 μg/disc. The results obtained were compared with those for a standard antibiotic Kanamycin. AJ-1 showed significant activity against Bacillus megaterium (11 mm), Bacillus subtilis (9 mm), Salmonella typhi-A (10 mm), Shigella flexeneriae (10 mm) and Klebsiella sp (11 mm) but a little activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of AJ-1 determined against Bacillus megaterium and Salmonella typhi-A were 128 μg/ml and 128 μg/ml, respectively when tested in a nutrient broth medium. AJ-1 also showed significant activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii (LC50 value of 9.34 μg/ml), in which the mortality rate increased with the increasing concentration of the compound, suggesting a positive correlation between brine shrimp toxicity and cytotoxicity. Key words: Biological activity; Swertia chirata; Gentianaceae; pathogenic bacteria DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7494 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 31-34, 2007

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluation of Chloroflavones

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahim ◽  
M. M. H. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. M. Matin ◽  
M. R. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Two chloroflavones, 6 and 7 along with their corresponding chalcones, 4 and 5 have been tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against six human pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus cereus (G+), Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Escherichia coli (G-), Vibrio choloriae (G-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), and Salmonella typhi (G-), and four plant as well as mold fungi viz. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp.. The antibacterial and antifungal screens of the synthesized compounds were performed in vitro by the filter paper disc diffusion method and the poisoned food technique, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these synthesized compounds in comparison to ampicillin were also determined by broth micro-dilution method. Some of them were found to possess significant activity, when compared to standard drugs.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Leishmanicidal Activities of Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) Leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Adenike Adeyemo-Salami ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Biological Origin

Background: Paullinia pinnata leaves are employed traditionally for the treatment of various ailments which are of biological origin. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antileishmanial properties of the leaves of Paullinia pinnata using in vitro models. Methods: Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of the methanol leaf extract of Paullinia pinnata. The activity of the extract against the growth of cultured Leishmania major (DESTO) promastigotes was used to investigate the leishmanicidal activities. The agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Results: The methanol leaf extract of P. pinnata had no activity against Artemia salina (brine shrimp) and L. major. It showed a non-significant activity against E. coli and B. subtilis and no activity against P. aeruginosa, S. flexneri, S. typhi, and S. aureus. Conclusion: The methanol leaf extract of P. pinnata did not exhibit any cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial properties. Moreover, the activity against various species of bacteria was not significant.

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Docking Study of Novel Thiosemicarbazone clubbed with 1,2,3-Triazoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adinath D. Badar ◽  
Shubham M. Sulakhe ◽  
Mahesh B. Muluk ◽  
Naziya N. M. A. Rehman ◽  
Prashant P. Dixit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Thiosemicarbazone, 1,2,3-triazole and their derivatives received great pharmaceutical importance due to their prominent biological activities. In the present study, the molecular hybrid thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazoles derivatives were synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activities. Methods: A series of thiosemicarbazone clubbed with 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized via click chemistry approach in good yields. The structures of synthesized compounds were assigned by their spectral data. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by the agar well diffusion method. A molecular docking study was performed to identify the possible mode of action of synthesized derivatives. Results: The compounds 5d, 5h, 5i and 5k have exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against both antibacterial and antifungal pathogens. The active thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives have shown excellent binding affinity towards DNA gyrase. Conclusion: The molecular hybrid thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Few of the thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazoles derivatives have exhibited good antimicrobial activities. They have been shown excellent binding affinity towards DNA gyrase.

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antiplasmodial Activities of Three Sponges from Buton Islands, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Masteria Yunovilsa Putra ◽  
Tri Aryono Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Zones

GC-MS analysis of the crude extracts of three different species of Indonesian marine sponges has been carried out for identification of bioactive compounds. The GC-MS analysis from Haliclona (Gellius) sp., Lamellodysidea herbacea, and Spheciospongia inconstans revealed the presence of 23, 21, 19 various compounds, respectively and mainly sterols and fatty acids. All the sponge species has been evaluated for antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay for antiplasmodial activity. In this study, all the sponge species showed antimicrobial activities against at leastone of the test strains. Among them, the extract of sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea displayed activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and the Gram-negative bacteria V. cholerae, with inhibition zones of 10.3, 9.2 and 9.5 mm, respectively. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., showed significant activity against fungal pathogen C. albicans. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., displayed the ability to inhibit heme polymerization indicating an anti-Plasmodium function and also showed potent cytotoxic activity against the brine shrimp Artemia sp. Keywords: GC-MS analysis, antimicrobial, sponges,bioactive

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽  
Riteshma Devi ◽  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals Benzimidazole: A short review of their antimicrobial activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Singh ◽  
Annamalai Pandurangan ◽  
Kavita Rana ◽  
Preeti Anand ◽  
Arsad Ahamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Selectivity Ratio ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Benzimidazole is the heterocyclic compound formed from benzene and imidazole ring containing nitrogen, oxygen sulphor and its derivatives are of wide interest because of their diverse biological activity and clinical applications, they are remarkably effective compounds both with respect to their inhibitory activity and their favourable selectivity ratio. Reported nucleus is a constituent of vitamin-B12. Benzimidazoles are regarded as a promising class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a range of biological activities like anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer activity, numerous anti-oxidant, anti-parasitic, anti-helmintics, anti-proliferative, anti-HIV, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-neoplastic, proton pump inhibitor and anti-trichinellosis. Benzimidazoles exhibit significant activity as potential antitumor agents, smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibitors, a treatment for intestinal cystitis, and in diverse area of chemistry. Some of the important benzimidazole derivatives have been reported as thyroid receptor agonist gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonists, non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and interestingly alkynylbenzimidazoles as modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors. The imidazole core is a common moiety in a large number of natural products and pharmacologically active compounds. The synthesis of novel benzimidazole derivatives remains a main focus of medicinal research. This comprehensive overview summarizes the chemistry of different derivative of substituted benzimidazole along with their anti-microbial activity containing anti-malarial anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral activities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i5.10284International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(5): 119-127

Antimicrobial Effect of Brazillian Propolis/Polycaprolactone Polymer on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanpa ◽  
Krit Sutjarittangtham ◽  
Tawee Tunkasiri ◽  
Sukum Eitssayeam ◽  
P. Chantawannakul
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polymer Nanofiber ◽  
History Of Use

The antimicrobial activities of propolis against some bacterial strains have been studied. However, there are few reports on biopolymers from propolis. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer that has a long history of use in the biomedical field. In this work, the polymer nanofiber was grown from a Brazillian propolis extract solution on PCL using an electrospinning technique. Antimicrobial activities were investigated by the disc diffusion method. The propolis extract and polymer nanofiber could inhibit some human pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects on tested microorganism depended on the concentration of propolis extract mixed with the polymer nanofiber. Such properties of the propolis/PCL nanofiners can be further developed for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Comparative antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and thiosemicarbazones derived from this oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 084-092
Author(s):  
Amoussatou Sakirigui ◽  
Kabirou Chabi Sika ◽  
Allali Eugène Koffi ◽  
Raymond Houssou Fatondji ◽  
Louis Fagbohoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Natural Treatment

Introduction: The presence of microbes in our environment is always a permanent public health problem. In this context, research on natural treatment, less expensive and accessible to fight these microbial germs would be beneficial. Methods: During this work, molecules of thiosemicarbazones due to their numerous biological activities were hemi-synthesized in situ in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Results: Analysis of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation revealed the presence of 72.91% of citral. Citralthiosemicarbazone (CThio) and citral 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (CPthio) were hemi-synthesized in this oil with interesting yields of 83% and 91%, respectively. After purification and confirmation of the structures of these molecules, the three substances were tested on eleven strains of microbes. Determination of the inhibition diameters showed that the activity of the essential oil is best in over 80% of strains. However, the largest diameter of inhibition (26 mm) was noted with CPthio against Salmonella typhi R 30951401. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations showed that the oil remains more active with the smallest value of 0.3125 mg / ml against Micrococcus luteus. The lower value of minimum bactericidal concentrations was also obtained with the essential oil against Enterococcus foecalis ATCC 29212. Conclusion: The essential oil of C. citratus remains more active in the majority cases. It could be a great alternative in the fight against bacteria, and the advantage is that it remains a natural substance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotics and Fluoride Toothpastes against Pathogenic Bacteria associated with Dental Caries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Dental caries is the most contagious disease throughout the world. In the present study, a total of 100 dental caries patients were selected and samples from these patients were collected through sterile pincers for microbiological examination. A total of 9 different pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified through conventional culturing technique and among them maximum number of occurrence was by Salmonella spp (26.13%), followed by E. coli (17.39%), Proteus spp (17.39%), Shigella spp (8.69%), Pseudomonas spp (8.69%), Vibrio spp (8.69%), Enterobacter spp (4.34%), Yersinia spp (4.34%) and S. mutans (4.34%). Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by 9 different commercially available antibiotics i.e. vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, ampicillin, ticarcillin and metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used against test organisms and it was observed that all these antibiotics expressed significant activity against greater part of test organisms but few of them showed resistance to metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. In addition to this, different toothpastes encoded as TP-1, TP-2, TP-3, TP-4 and TP-5 were used at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in order to evaluate their activity against test organisms and it was observed that all these toothpastes showed significant activity against isolated bacteria. It was concluded that all these toothpastes contained fluoride which supports to avoid tooth decay and promote minty fresh breath. Furthermore, it was recommended that avoid usage of too much sweets, chocolates, candies especially in children/adults, and there must be a proper use of toothpastes twice a day at every stage of life. Keywords: Dental Caries, Pathogenic Bacteria, Antibiotics, Fluoride Toothpastes

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document