Comparative antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and thiosemicarbazones derived from this oil

Introduction: The presence of microbes in our environment is always a permanent public health problem. In this context, research on natural treatment, less expensive and accessible to fight these microbial germs would be beneficial. Methods: During this work, molecules of thiosemicarbazones due to their numerous biological activities were hemi-synthesized in situ in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Results: Analysis of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation revealed the presence of 72.91% of citral. Citralthiosemicarbazone (CThio) and citral 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (CPthio) were hemi-synthesized in this oil with interesting yields of 83% and 91%, respectively. After purification and confirmation of the structures of these molecules, the three substances were tested on eleven strains of microbes. Determination of the inhibition diameters showed that the activity of the essential oil is best in over 80% of strains. However, the largest diameter of inhibition (26 mm) was noted with CPthio against Salmonella typhi R 30951401. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations showed that the oil remains more active with the smallest value of 0.3125 mg / ml against Micrococcus luteus. The lower value of minimum bactericidal concentrations was also obtained with the essential oil against Enterococcus foecalis ATCC 29212. Conclusion: The essential oil of C. citratus remains more active in the majority cases. It could be a great alternative in the fight against bacteria, and the advantage is that it remains a natural substance.

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Composition and biological assays of the leaf essential oil of Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Bak

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-020-00245-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwakayode O. Odeja ◽

Michael Gabriel Ibok ◽

Ejike O. Okpala

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Leaf Essential Oil

Abstract Background Asparagus flagellaris leaves are ethnomedicinally used to treat syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with no reports on the volatile constituents. This study was aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively characterise the composition of essential oil, evaluates the free radical scavenging and antimicrobial capacity of the essential oil. Methods The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation method using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus, while the identification and quantification of constituents were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antioxidant activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was evaluated and the oil was also tested against 10 strains of microorganisms consisting of 6 bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and 4 fungi: Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp. using broth dilution and surface plate methods, respectively. Results A pale yellow essential oil with a characteristic scent was obtained, with a yield of 0.80% (w/w). A total of 28 compounds accounting for 97.41% of the total oil contents were identified. The oil was predominated by Thymol and its derivatives, accounting for 57.48%. The most abundance (% area) constituents of the essential oil were 5-Thymyl tiglate (18.49%), Thymyl-2-methyl butyrate (17.34%), Thymol hydroquinone dimethyl ether (10.52%), Thymol methyl ether (9.42%) and 5-Propyl-1, 3-benzodioxole (4.59%). The essential oil showed a significant free radical scavenging activity compared to the standard antioxidant drugs used in this study, with % inhibition varying from 88.06 ± 0.0001 to 93.05 ± 0.0006. The leaf essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity on all the tested organisms at 500–125 μg/mL, with an 18–10 mm inhibitory zone. Conclusion The leaf essential oil of A. flagellaris contains notable chemical compounds responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/804658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kamel Msaada ◽

Nidhal Salem ◽

Olfa Bachrouch ◽

Slim Bousselmi ◽

Sonia Tammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

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Determination of Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Constituents and Biological Activities on Ranunculus pedatus Subsp. pedatus

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2014.16762 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2156-2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Erdogan ◽

T. Gonenc ◽

B. Demirci ◽

B. Kivçak ◽

K.H.C. Baser

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities

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Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima Against Many Pathogenic Microorganisms

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352517666190227161811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 72-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatima Benyoucef ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Arrar Zoheir ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Ammoides Verticillata

Background: Antibiotic resistance is today one of the most serious threats to global health, food security and development. Due to the growing number of infections, treatment becomes more difficult, if not impossible, because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. Objective: In the present investigation, the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated using dilution-agar method against nine bacterial strains three Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and six Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300,) Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 7314), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized principally by carvacrol (44,3%), Limonene (19,3%) and p-cymene (19,2%). The constituents identified of S. candidissima essential oil were principally oxygenated monoterpenes represented by pulegone (70,4%). The essential oil of A. verticillata had a good antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus cereus) with MIC and MBC values between 0.2-0.4 µl/ml and 0.2-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. While, S. candidissima essential oil had moderate antimicrobial activities against all strains with MIC and MBC values between 1.5-6.2 µl/ml and 6.2-12.5 µl/ml, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity of essential oils blend presented higher antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria with MIC and MBC values between 0.3-1.5 µl/ml and 0.4-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oils blend presented high antimicrobial activity compared to virgin oils. This activity can be due to the association of active compounds such as carvacrol and pulegone. These findings provide a new source of drugs that may help in therapy to lead to the development of a new treatment based on a combination of these essential oils against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that continue to pose a threat to public health.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Fractions Obtained by Vacuum Distillation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24101904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1904 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magdalena de J. Rostro-Alanis ◽

Juan Báez-González ◽

Cynthia Torres-Alvarez ◽

Roberto Parra-Saldívar ◽

José Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Vacuum Distillation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Almost All

Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1–F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51–68.08, 3.31–25.12 and 1.91–97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them.

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Determination of the in situ bactericidal activity of an essential oil mouthrinse using a vital stain method

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027004256.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

P. Pan ◽

M. L. Barnett ◽

J. Coelho ◽

C. Brogdon ◽

M. B. Finnegan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Vital Stain

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Co (III) and Fe (III) Complexes of Imino-N-heterocyclic Carbenes Ligands

Chemical Science International Journal ◽

10.9734/csji/2021/v30i630238 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Samaila Abubakar ◽

Musa Muktari ◽

Rejoice Atiko

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

The synthesis and antimicrobial application of Co (III) and Fe (III) complexes of imine functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (Imino-NHC) ligands is reported. The ligand precursors 1-(2-[(hydroxyl-benzylidene)-amino]-ethyl)-3-R-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide where R = pyridyl (1a) and benzyl (1b) have been reported in our previous work. The in-situ generated ligands of 1a and 1b have been successfully coordinated to CoBr2 and [FeI(Cp)(CO)2] leading to the isolation of air-stable N^C^N^O four coordinate Co(III) complex 2 and a six-coordinate Fe(III) complex 3. The synthesised complexes were both found to be NMR inactive hence were characterize using FTIR and LRMS. The complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against four gram-negative bacteria Escherichia Coli (E-coli), Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and a gram positive bacteria Staphylocossus aureus (S. aureus). The antimicrobial test was conducted using disc diffusion methods and based on the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 µg/ mL, significant activities were recorded for both cobalt and the iron complexes.

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Investigation on antimicrobial activities of the plant Swertia chirata Ham.

Journal of Life and Earth Science ◽

10.3329/jles.v2i2.7494 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 31-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mst Jesmin Sultana ◽

Md Tamzid Hossain Molla ◽

MT Alam ◽

Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Megaterium ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Neutral Alumina ◽

Swertia Chirata

Biological activities of fresh stem of the plant Swertia chirata Ham. (F. Gentianaceae) extracted in rectified spirit is reported here. The crude rectified spirit extract was fractionated by using standard chromatographic techniques on alumina, which gave six fractions (A, B, C, D, E & F). When subjected to column chromatographic analysis on neutral alumina, fraction D yielded a pure compound tentatively known as AJ-1 that have melting point of 178° C. AJ-1 was screened for its antibacterial activities against 12 pathogenic bacteria, 6 Gram positive and 6 Gram negative, by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 200 μg/disc. The results obtained were compared with those for a standard antibiotic Kanamycin. AJ-1 showed significant activity against Bacillus megaterium (11 mm), Bacillus subtilis (9 mm), Salmonella typhi-A (10 mm), Shigella flexeneriae (10 mm) and Klebsiella sp (11 mm) but a little activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of AJ-1 determined against Bacillus megaterium and Salmonella typhi-A were 128 μg/ml and 128 μg/ml, respectively when tested in a nutrient broth medium. AJ-1 also showed significant activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii (LC50 value of 9.34 μg/ml), in which the mortality rate increased with the increasing concentration of the compound, suggesting a positive correlation between brine shrimp toxicity and cytotoxicity. Key words: Biological activity; Swertia chirata; Gentianaceae; pathogenic bacteria DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7494 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 31-34, 2007

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Artemisia herba-alba Growing Wild in Tunisia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800333 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ismail Amri ◽

Laura De Martino ◽

Aurelio Marandino ◽

Hamrouni Lamia ◽

Hanana Mohsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Main Components

Aromatic plants can interfere in the Mediterranean ecosystem, mainly by the introduction in the environment of volatile compounds. For this reason, we studied the chemical composition and the possible phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Tunisian Artemisia herba-alba Asso. The chemical composition of the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In all, 24 compounds were identified. The main components were camphor (39.1.%), chrysanthenone (15.0%) and cis-thujone (7.8%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radical growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Sinapis arvensis L., Triticum durum L. and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. The radicle elongation of the five seeds was affected to different extents by the oil, while germination was not affected. The oil, when tested against eight selected bacterial strains, showed low antimicrobial activity. The chemical composition of the oil of A. herba-alba can help in the chemosystematics of this complex genus. However, the recorded biological activities seem to be neither ecologically nor medicinally significant.

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Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil: Its Application as an Antimicrobial Agent in Food Preservation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010155 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Veronika Valková ◽

Hana Ďúranová ◽

Lucia Galovičová ◽

Petra Borotová ◽

Nenad L. Vukovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus

Antimicrobial in vitro and in situ efficacies of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (lemongrass, LGEO) against 17 spoilage microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) were evaluated. Additionally, its chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibiofilm activities were investigated. The LGEO exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (84.0 ± 0.1%), and its main constituents were citral (61.5%), geraniol (6.6%) and 1,8-cineole (6.4%). An in vitro antimicrobial evaluation revealed the lowest inhibition zone (1.00 ± 0.00 mm) in Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the highest inhibition zone (18.00 ± 2.46 mm) in Candida krusei. The values for the minimal inhibitory concentration were determined to be the lowest for Salmonella enteritidis and the highest for C. albicans. Furthermore, the concentration of ≥250 µL/L of LGEO suppressed the growth of Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium italicum. The changes in the molecular structure of the biofilms produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella enteritidis, after their treatment with LGEO, confirmed its action on both biofilm-forming bacteria. Moreover, an in situ antimicrobial activity evaluation displayed the most effective inhibitory effectiveness of LGEO against Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens (250 µL/L) and Penicillium expansum (125, 250 and 500 µL/L) growing on a carrot. Our results suggest that LGEO, as a promising natural antimicrobial agent, can be applied in the innovative packaging of bakery products and different types of vegetables, which combines commonly used packing materials with the addition of LGEO.

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