Bacteriological Profiles with Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Different Clinical Specimens of Specialized Neuroscience Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Uzzwal Kumar Mallick ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Md Sirajul Islam ◽  
Abu Nayeem ◽  
Gurudas Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
General Wards

Background: Throughout the world multi-drug resistant hospital acquired infections (HAI) are one of the leading causes of deaths and morbidity amongst hospitalized patients. Objective: The aim of study was to identify prevalence and variations of predominant microorganisms and their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern in a tertiary care public hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: The study was conducted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), High Dependency Unit (HDU), Post-operative ward and general wards of a tertiary care publicNeuro- hospital in Dhaka during 1st January, 2017 to 31st December, 2018. Patients admitted in any of the four units (ICU, HDU, Post-operative and general wards) of the hospital who were clinically suspected of having acquired any infection after 48 hours of admission to the ICUs were included. Depending on the clinical suspicion laboratory samples were collected from the patients. Samples were subjected to the testing and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: A total number of total 1672 samples from these patients yielded clinically relevant microorganisms. Of these samples, 273 were respiratory specimens were tracheal aspirate; 537 were urine; 377 were blood; 396 were cerebrospinal fluids; and 82 were other clinical samples. More than two-third samples were growth negative (71.4%) and only one-thirdsamples (28.6%) were growth positive. Maximum growth negative in blood samples and about half of samples of urine and tracheal aspirates were growth negative. About 80% were Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella whereas gram-positive organisms were about 20%. Most of the pathogens were Multi-drug resistance. Conclusion: Among HAIs Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are the main challenge. Regular updating resistance of microbial are needed to develop antibiotic guideline to combat these infections and reduce morbidity and mortality. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 82-86

scholarly journals Microbiological and antibiotic profile of osteomyelitis in tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar A. B. ◽  
Yerriswamy Parvatha Reddy ◽  
Suphala B. ◽  
Ananya Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Vinod Kumar C. S.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Osteomyelitis has been continuing as the most important cause of morbidity among patients with bone infections. Constant change in the trend of organisms involved and resistance pattern has made management of osteomyelitis cases difficult. With this background present study aimed to look for the changing trends of microorganisms involved in osteomyelitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.  Methods: A total of 100 cases studied over a period of two years. Samples collected were processed by standard microbiological techniques and antimicrobial testing was done as per the clinical and laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Among 100 cases, 62 were males and 38 were females, with the mean age of all the patient was 51.6±12.32 years. 64% of the patient were diabetic patients. Long bones are most involved with trauma (45%) as risk factor. Staphylococcus aureus (24.2%) predominant pathogen isolated followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.2%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (16.7%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing of gram positive organisms showed hundred percent sensitivity to vancomycin and gram negative bacteria showed highest sensitivity to cefoperazone+sulbactam, piperacillin+tazobactam, meropenem and imipenem.  Conclusions: Osteomyelitis caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem resistance gram negative bacteria is a serious concern. Since multidrug resistant strains have emerged in osteomyelitis cases, emphasis should be given for hygiene and targeted antibiotherapy.   

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals A high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a Nepali tertiary care hospital and associated widespread distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-encoding genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulochana Manandhar ◽  
Raphael M. Zellweger ◽  
Nhukesh Maharjan ◽  
Sabina Dongol ◽  
Krishna G. Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive-drug resistance (XDR) associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria are global public health concerns. Data on circulating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Gram-negative bacteria and their correlation with MDR and ESBL phenotypes from Nepal is scarce. Methods A retrospective study was performed investigating the distribution of ESBL and carbapenemase genes and their potential association with ESBL and MDR phenotypes in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in a major tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, between 2012 and 2018. Results During this period, the hospital isolated 719 E. coli, 532 Klebsiella spp., 520 Enterobacter spp. and 382 Acinetobacter spp.; 1955/2153 (90.1%) of isolates were MDR and half (1080/2153) were ESBL producers. Upon PCR amplification, blaTEM (1281/1771; 72%), blaCTXM-1 (930/1771; 53%) and blaCTXM-8 (419/1771; 24%) were the most prevalent ESBL genes in the enteric bacilli. BlaOXA and blaOXA-51 were the most common blaOXA family genes in the enteric bacilli (918/1771; 25%) and Acinetobacter spp. (218/382; 57%) respectively. Sixteen percent (342/2153) of all isolates and 20% (357/1771) of enteric bacilli harboured blaNDM-1 and blaKPC carbapenemase genes respectively. Of enteric bacilli, Enterobacter spp. was the most frequently positive for blaKPC gene (201/337; 60%). The presence of each blaCTX-M and blaOXA were significantly associated with non-susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins (OR 14.7, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.05, respectively).The presence of each blaTEM, blaCTXM and blaOXA family genes were significantly associated with ESBL positivity (OR 2.96, p < 0.001; OR 14.2, p < 0.001 and OR 1.3, p < 0.05 respectively) and being MDR (OR 1.96, p < 0.001; OR 5.9, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions This study documents an alarming level of AMR with high prevalence of MDR ESBL- and carbapenemase-positive ESKAPE microorganisms in our clinical setting. These data suggest a scenario where the clinical management of infected patients is increasingly difficult and requires the use of last-resort antimicrobials, which in turn is likely to intensify the magnitude of global AMR crisis.

scholarly journals Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Its Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Abdul Hameed Tunio ◽  
Delijan Mugheri ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Wasim Sarwar Bhatti ◽  
Abdul Majeed Soomro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: The drug resistance and pathogens are different in various Hospitals of any country. Very high resistance pattern is observed nowadays to the frequently used antibiotics. The important observation has been noted that most of the doctors do not obtain blood cultures before start of the antibiotics, which becomes competent source of resistance. For the same purpose, this study has been done to find out the responsible microbes causing ailment and their susceptibility towards antibiotics to plan early and effective management. Materials and Methods: A number of 100 new borns admitted in the NICU CMC Children Hospital Larkana with signs and symptoms of sepsis were included in this research work. The study will help in provision of a comprehensive record on microorganisms causing sepsis in the neonates and their antibiotic sensitivity. The epidemiology and presence of neonatal sepsis in particular area makes it more easy and convenient to implement the rationale of empirical antibiotic strategy. Results: From100 neonatal blood samples taken for culture, only 21 proved to be positive which stands 21%. In majority gram positive bacteria were found in (85.71%=18 cases) and gram negative bacteria stood (14.28%=3 cases).Staphylococcus species were found on the large scale (52.38%=11 cases) secondly Streptococcus species (33.33%=7 cases) and the remaining were Escherichia species being least common (14.28%=3 cases). Conclusion: Staphylococcus species provided major share as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia species were found to be major gram negative bacterial population responsible for neonatal sepsis. Profound resistance pattern is seen against widely used antibiotics. It is mandatory to have a routine check over the antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals COMMONLY ISOLATED ORGANISM IN DIABETIC FOOT AND ITS ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY, AN EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Khan ◽  
Riffat Arbab. ◽  
Abdullah Khan ◽  
Maria Mehmood ◽  
Aisha Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Sensitivity ◽  
Ethical Criteria ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

Abstract BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To determine the commonly isolated organism in ulcers of diabetic foot and its sensitivity to antibiotics. METHODOLOGY: A total of 167 patients of diabetic foot were included in this descriptive Crosssectional study. All the patients were informed and consent was obtained according to ethical criteria approved by the ethical committee. The use of antibiotics in last 72 hours was strictly observed. The samples were obtained under aseptic conditions by applying the swap slightly to the exudate or base of the ulcer and were then carefully transferred in to the container and were then sent to the laboratory on the same date. The culture sensitivity was performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 20. RESULTS: A total of 140 samples were positive for 8 types of bacteria out of 167. 94 samples were monomicrobial were as 46 were polymicrobial. Over all Staphylococcus aureus 63(40.3%) was the most commonly isolated bacteria followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 40 (25.6%). S. aureus was most sensitive to imipenem/ meropenem (79.3%) followed by vancomycin (71%), linezolid (69.8%) and moxifloxacin (69.8%). P. aeruginosa was sensitive to impenem/ meropeneum (90%) followed by Ticarcilline/ clavulante (92.5%), amikacin (87.5%) and pipracilline / tazobactom (80%). Most of the gram positive and negative bacteria were resistant to commonly available antibiotic like ampiciline/ cloxacillin, amoxicilline/ clavulante and cephradine.  CONCLUSION: Most of the commonly used antibiotics had developed resistance. was S. aureus most common bacteria from the isolates and was sensitive to impenem/meropenem, vancomycin and linezolid. Gram-negative bacteria showed sensitivity to impenem/meropeneum, pipracilline/ tazobactom, Ticarcilline/ clavulante and amikacin.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance pattern of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Dhaka City

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Durdana Chowdhury ◽  
Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽  
Mili Rani Saha ◽  
Najmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from  pus, wound swab, urine, blood and throat swab. A total  of 300 samples were collected from Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH), BIRDEM and National Medical College (NMCH) and processed following standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on pure culture isolates by employing Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method for the commonly used antibiotics. 326 (93.33%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 300 patients. Single bacterial pathogen was present in 78% cases and mixed bacterial pathogens were in 15.40% cases.  Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species (38.66%) followed by Escherichia coli (38%), Pseudomonas spp. (13.33%), Proteus spp. (8.33%), CoNS (7.66%), Serratia spp (2.85%), Klebsiella spp. (2.00%) and  Acinetobacter spp. (0.97%). Resistance rate towards amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and  ceftriaxone were high among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. However, both groups showed good susceptibility to gentamicin and levofloxacin. S. aureus and CoNS showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and all isolated Gram negative organisms showed 98-100% sensitivity to imipenem.These results indicate that gentamicin and levofloxacin may be convenient alternative antimicrobial agent for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin for Gram positive and imipenem for Gram negative bacteria as well.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19327 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 13-16

scholarly journals Prevalence of imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Rabeya Nahar Ferdous ◽  
Md Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Anowar Hussain ◽  
Nasrin Akhter ◽  
Palash Chandra Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective: Imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have become a major public health concern worldwide, including Bangladesh. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB), their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred and fifty clinical samples were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences hospital (BIHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of 12 months. Among 350 samples, 171 (48.86%) were from indoor patients, and 179 (51.14%) were from outdoor patients. The pathogens were isolated and identified by conventional methods and were screened for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, including imipenem discs. A Chi-square test was employed for statistical analysis. Results and Discussion: Out of 350 clinical isolates, 246 showed resistance to imipenem (70.28%). Almost all of the imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria showed the highest resistant pattern to cefepime (88.57%), amoxicillin (88.29%), cephalosporin (88.14%), cefoxitin (86%), tetracycline (84.42%), and the majority were resistant to levofloxacin (70.85%), doxycycline (70.57%), netilmicin (59.71%). But cotrimoxazole (13.42%) and tigecycline (11.43%) showed a lower resistance pattern. Statistical analysis exhibited imipenem resistant gram-negative isolates most commonly found in pus and urine samples, while Klebsiella spp (30.49%), Pseudomonas spp (26.83%) and E. coli (23.17%) were the most predominant pathogens. Conclusion: This is a retrospective study which study indicates a noteworthy rate of clinical isolates were imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria in a well-defined tertiary care hospital, and most of these bacteria were also multidrug-resistant. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 145-150

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