scholarly journals Studies on microscopic technique and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium for diagnosis of dermatophytes infection

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abul Abul Hossain Khan ◽  
S M Atique Hasan Khan ◽  
Mahbub Rashid Sarker ◽  
Rubiyat Farzana Hussain ◽  
Mejbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microscopic Technique ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Microscopic Demonstration ◽  
Life Threatening

Dermatophytoses (a fungal infection of the skin, hair and nail, usually caused by dermatophytes) constitutes an important public health problem because of its high prevalence and associated morbidity but not life-threatening. Three genera of dermatophytes are recognized based on the site and pattern of fungal invasion. Dermatophytes are the predominant pathogenic mould, but yeasts (especially Candida albicans) and non-dermatophytic moulds may also be implicated. For accurate diagnosis of dermatophytoses requires microscopic demonstration and isolation and identification by culture. This study evaluates the usefulness of microscopic technique and culture for the isolation and identification of dermatophytes from clinical samples. Thirty samples were included in this study for detection of fungal elements by both methods but sensitivity of microscopic demonstration and culture were 60.0% and 66.7% respectively. As the sensitivity of microscopic demonstration (60.0%) is almost equal to the isolation and identification rate (66.7%), requires further evaluation in large scale as its ready to use format makes the application and microscopy much easier and faster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13658 KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-1, June 2012 pp.235-238

scholarly journals Onychomycosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boni E. Elewski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Poor Efficacy

SUMMARY Although not life-threatening, onychomycosis (a fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by a dermatophyte) constitutes an important public health problem because of its high prevalence (about 10% of the U.S. population) and associated morbidity. The disease can have certain negative consequences for patients, such as pain, and can potentially undermine work and social lives. This review discusses the etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of onychomycosis. Four types of onychomycosis are recognized based on the site and pattern of fungal invasion. Dermatophyte fungi are the predominant pathogens, but yeasts (especially Candida albicans) and nondermatophyte molds may also be implicated. Accurate diagnosis requires direct microscopy and fungal culture. The differential diagnosis includes psoriasis, lichen planus, onychogryphosis, and nail trauma. Onychomycosis is more difficult to treat than most dermatophytoses because of the inherent slow growth of the nail. Older antifungal agents (ketoconazole and griseofulvin) are unsuitable for onychomycosis because of their relatively poor efficacy and potential adverse effects. Three recently developed antimycotic agents (fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine) offer high cure rates and good safety profiles. In addition, the short treatment times (<3 months) and intermittent dosing schedules are likely to enhance compliance and reduce the costs of therapy.

A novel duplex ddPCR assay for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica: proof of concept in an experimental mouse model

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOSALA G. WEERAKOON ◽  
CATHERINE A. GORDON ◽  
PENGFEI CAI ◽  
GEOFFREY N. GOBERT ◽  
MARY DUKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Schistosomiasis Japonica ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Additional Tool

SUMMARYThe current World Health Organization strategic plan targets the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025 and accurate diagnostics will play a pivotal role in achieving this goal. DNA-based detection methods provide a viable alternative to some of the commonly used tests, notably microscopy and serology, for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. The detection of parasite cell-free DNA in different clinical samples is a recent valuable advance, which provides significant benefits for accurate disease diagnosis. Here we validated a novel duplex droplet digital PCR assay for the diagnosis of Chinese (SjC) and Philippine (SjP) strains of Schistosoma japonicum infection in a mouse model. The assay proved applicable for both SjC and SjP infections and capable of detecting infection at a very early intra-mammalian stage in conveniently obtainable samples (urine and saliva) as well as in serum and feces. The target DNA copy numbers obtained in the assay showed a positive correlation with the infection burden assessed by direct traditional parasitology. The potential to detect parasite DNA in urine and saliva has important practical implications for large-scale epidemiological screening programmes in the future, particularly in terms of logistical convenience, and the assay has the potential to be a valuable additional tool for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. isolated from aborted bovine clinical samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Momtaz ◽  
Saadat Moshkelani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Bovine Abortion

Leptospira is recognized as an important public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical countries, and is a common cause of abortion in dairy and beef herds. The aim of the present study was to detect and characterize Leptospira as the causative agent of abortion in cattle using a PCR-RFLP in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Isfahan provinces, Iran. A total of 220 bovine aborted foetuses and 120 vaginal discharges from an aborted calf were collected from 64 commercial dairy herds. After isolation of 60 Leptospira spp. from samples, RFLP analysis was carried out with HindIII and HaeIII restriction enzymes in reference strains and isolated for characterization. In a total of 340 specimens, 46 (20.9%) and 14 (11.66%) were identified positive for Leptospira spp. from aborted bovine foetuses and vaginal discharges, respectively. The present results also suggest that L. interrogans serovar hardjo has the highest prevalence in the region under study and L. hardjo is a major pathogen causing bovine abortion in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Isfahan provinces of Iran.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Physiological, Pathological and Behavioral Risk Factors in Patients Treated with Antidiabetic Sulfonylureas

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
Confederat Luminita ◽  
Stefan Roxana ◽  
Constantin Sandra ◽  
Hăncianu Monica ◽  
Profire Lenuta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Obesity Class ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is an important public health problem because of its increased incidence and its devastating complications. In addition to this, it was observed an increase in prevalence for diabetes risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the pathophysiological and behavioral risk factors among patients treated with oral hypoglycemic sulfonylureas.Material and methods: It were analyzed the observation sheets of 200 patients ambulatory treated at the “Providența” Medical Center.Results and discussions: Most of the patients were aged over 65 years, being 48.5% women and 51.5% men. The obesity was the most frequent (88%) risk factor in patients; the majority of them were included in the “overweight” and “first- degree obesity” class (72%). Regarding associated comorbidities, hypertension was found in 77% of cases, followed by dyslipidemia. In terms of physiological and behavioral aspects, age and alcohol consumption were predominant.Conclusions: A significant percentage of diabetic patients treated with hypoglycemic sulfonylureas present a high prevalence of the risk factors and even two or three factors associated.

scholarly journals Non dermatophytic molds causing onychomycosis: a rising trend in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4532
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Pragyan Swagatika Panda ◽  
Shahnawaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
North India ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Toe Nails

Background: Onychomycosis is rarely life threatening but can affect patient’s quality of life by its associated morbidity and cosmetic disfigurement that makes it an important public health problem. So the current study was undertaken to look for causes of onychomycosis including the non-dermatophytic molds that are normally considered as contaminants. Methods: A total of 100 nail samples from clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis, were processed by direct microscopy of the KOH mount followed by two sets of culture on Sabourauds’ Dextrose Agar and incubated at 25ºC and 37ºC and were examined once a week for a period of 4-6 weeks, to look for the fungal causative agent. Results: Infection was more common among males and amongst age group 21-30 years (31%). The finger nails (57%) were more commonly involved than toe nails (43%). Onychomycosis was mostly caused by molds (55%), followed by dermatophytes (15.8%) and yeasts (9.3%). Aspergillus niger and A. flavus (13% each) were the most common molds, T. verrucossum (4.6%) was the most common dermatophyte, while Candida albicans (6.5%) was the most common yeast isolated. Conclusions: There is a rising trend of non dermatophytic molds causing onychomycoses, Thus microbiologists should look for all the possible causes of superficial fungal infection. 

scholarly journals The contemporary management of neck pain in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Junior V Fandim ◽  
Renato Nitzsche ◽  
Zoe A Michaleff ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa ◽  
Bruno Saragiotto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Contemporary Management

Neck pain is a common condition with a high prevalence worldwide. Neck pain is associated with significant levels of disability and is widely considered an important public health problem. Neck pain is defined as pain perceived between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. In some types of neck conditions, the pain can be referred to the head, trunk and upper limbs. This article aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on prevalence, costs, diagnosis, prognosis, risk factors, prevention and management of patients with neck pain.

scholarly journals A New Methodology for Evaluation of Nematode Viability

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽  
Tiago Antônio Oliveira Mendes ◽  
Lilian Lacerda Bueno ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
High Prevalence

Nematodes infections are responsible for debilitating conditions and economic losses in domestic animals as well as livestock and are considered an important public health problem due to the high prevalence in humans. The nematode resistance for drugs has been reported for livestock, highlighting the importance for development of new anthelmintic compounds. The aim of the current study was to apply and compare fluorimetric techniques using Sytox and propidium iodide for evaluating the viability ofC. eleganslarvae after treatment with anthelmintic drugs. These fluorescent markers were efficient to stain larvae treated with ivermectin and albendazole sulfoxide. We observed that densitometric values were proportional to the concentration of dead larvae stained with both markers. Furthermore, data on motility test presented an inverse correlation with fluorimetric data when ivermectin was used. Our results showed that lower concentrations of drugs were effective to interfere in the processes of cellular transport while higher drugs concentrations were necessary in order to result in any damage to cell integrity. The methodology described in this work might be useful for studies that aim to evaluate the viability of nematodes, particularly for testing of new anthelminthic compounds using an easy, economic, reproducible, and no time-consuming technique.

scholarly journals Characterization of emerging predominant HFMD pathogen, coxsackievirus A6 in mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Song ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
W B Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6

Abstract Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) had the highest yearly incidence, with over 10 million cases of HFMD annually reported in China. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) have been regarded as the leading pathogens of HFMD outbreaks worldwide and in China; however, in recent years, the leading pathogens have been changing, as large outbreaks of CV-A6-associated HFMD have been reported worldwide. Since 2013, repeated large-scale HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-A6 happened in mainland China, where, as a result, CV-A6 has surpassed EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the leading HFMD pathogen in most Chinese provinces. We sequenced the whole genomes of 158 CV-A6 clinical samples that were isolated between 2010 and 2018 from the HFMD Surveillance Network established in our laboratory. Our results showed that: seven recombination forms (RFs) of Chinese CV-A6 were detected; different CV-A6 RFs showed distinct virulence and transmissibility; VP1283T may play an important role in the virulence of Chinese CV-A6. HFMD epidemics in China have become a serious public health problem over the past decade. In this research, we have attempted to explore the causes of the high transmissibility of the emerging CV-A6 in mainland China on the basis of CV-A6 evolution based on 336 whole-genome sequences, and we have yielded some fruitful results for the future research and surveillance of HFMD in China. Key messages HFMD epidemics in China have become a serious public health problem over the past decade. CV-A6 has surpassed EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the leading HFMD pathogen in most Chinese provinces.

scholarly journals Carriage prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in gallbladders of adult autopsy cases from Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilia Lovane ◽  
Miguel J Martinez ◽  
Sergio Massora ◽  
Inacio Mandomando ◽  
Esperança Ussene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Introduction: Typhoid fever is an important public health problem in many low-income countries where asymptomatic carriers play an important role in its dissemination. The bacterium causing typhoid fever can live in the gallstones of asymptomatic persons after the infection. These carriers are reservoirs of S. Typhi, are highly contagious, and spread the disease through the secretion of bacteria in feces and urine. The aim of this study was to determine the carrier rate in an area of Mozambique. Methodology: The presence of S. Typhi was analyzed in gallbladder samples obtained from 99 adult corpses (in-hospital deaths) from Mozambique by gold-standard culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Only one sample was positive with the culture. However, nine additional samples were positive by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Thus, the prevalence of S. Typhi was 10.1% (10/99). Conclusions: We report a high prevalence of S. Typhi in gallbladders among adult autopsy cases from Mozambique.

scholarly journals Depressive symptomatology among residents of the rural area of a city in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 11s
Author(s):  
Roberta Hirschmann ◽  
Ana Paula Gomes ◽  
Helen Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and health factors associated with depressive symptomatology in rural residents. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 1,453 residents aged 18 years or over of the rural area of the city of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to evaluate depressive symptomatology, considering the cutoff point ≥ 8 points. We evaluated the association between the outcome and the independent variables using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 35.4% (95%CI 31.5–39.3). After adjustment, the depressive symptomatology was higher among women (PR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.46–2.15), individuals with low education level (0–4 years of study) (PR = 1.62, 95%CI 1.22–2.16), worse socioeconomic conditions (classes D or E) (PR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.22–1.83), and with chronic diseases (PR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.24–2.45). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of depressive symptomatology in rural residents indicates the relevance of depression as an important public health problem in this population. Specific attention should be aimed at the subgroups that presented the highest prevalence of symptomatology

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