scholarly journals Constraints and opportunities of raw jute production: a household level analysis in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
S Sheheli ◽  
B Roy

The study was conducted to investigate the existing status and practices of jute cultivation. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed by using a structured interview schedule from two villages (Damor and Nathpara) of Kishoregonj sadar upazila of Kishoregonj district at their houses and/or farm sites during April to June 2014. The study confirmed that most farmers have improved their socio-economic conditions through jute cultivation. The impact analysis of jute cultivation on livelihood of jute farmers shows that overall 61% jute farmers have increased overall livelihood from jute cultivation during the last four years (2011-2014). Deshi variety of jute has been widely grown across the region due to its wider adaptability and quality fiber. Jute area has been increased and some rice field has been replaced by jute due to its high demand in country. In addition, farmers are motivated to cultivate jute. But study revealed that productivity ranged from 750 kg to 1022 kg per hectare that are lower than other jute growing areas of Bangladesh. Average cost of production of fiber was estimated at Tk 15/kg. The study indicates that the maximum production cost has involved in fiber extraction (20%) and weeding (20%). The study also revealed that lack of quality seed, high cost of jute production, lack of training facilities, inadequate credit facilities, high disease infestation, high price of inputs, unstable jute price, shortage of labor at peak period, lack of retting water and weed problem were the main constraints in jute production and processing. For the sustain of jute cultivation in the study area, it would be better to provide subsidies on seeds and fertilizer to jute farmers thereby profit margin becomes high and will encourage growers in producing more raw jute within the country for the fulfillment of raw jute requirement of local jute industries. Cost effective technologies have to be developed in jute production and processing aspects for lowering the production cost and increasing the profit margin.Progress. Agric. 2014. 25: 38-46

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Md. Rejaul Karim ◽  
Muhammad Arshadul Hoque ◽  
Alamgir Chawdhury ◽  
Faruk-Ul-Islam ◽  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
...  

Jute is the golden fiber of Bangladesh, but its production is declining due to the involvement of higher production and processing costs, where a major portion of the cost is needed for fiber extraction. Labor unavailability and increasing labor cost have led to higher jute fiber production cost. To address these issues, this study looks at the development of a power-operated and cost-effective fiber extraction machine aiming at reducing the production cost. The study was conducted at the Rangpur regional office premises of Practical Action in Bangladesh, and the developed machine was branded as “Aashkol”, which had the following major parts: a feeding tray, a primary extraction roller, a secondary extraction roller, grabbing rollers, fiber collection stand, base frame, protection cover, and a spring-loaded tray under the primary extraction roller. The Aashkol can extract green ribbon from the jute stem, but jute sticks were broken down into smaller pieces (3–6 cm). The performance evaluation of the machine was conducted using different types of jute (Deshi, Kenaf, and Tossa) and compared with another jute extraction machine (KP model, introduced by Karupannya Rangpur Ltd.). The Aashkol-based extraction and improved retting systems were also evaluated and compared with traditional jute extraction systems. The jute stem input capacity (4.99 t h−1) of the Aashkol was 47.6% higher than the KP model (3.38 t h−1). Compared with the traditional system, across jute types, the Aashkol produced a 9% higher fiber yield and saved 46% retting time. Overall, the Aashkol reduced 90% of the labor requirement and saved 11.6 USD t−1 in jute fiber extraction and retting than the traditional method.


2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Andrade ◽  
Margarida Moreira ◽  
Mónica Sá ◽  
Duarte Pacheco ◽  
Vera Almeida ◽  
...  

Background and Aims: As there are known risks of retraumatization through bereavement crisis interventions, we tailored a new intervention lowering the degree of direct emotional activation. However, we need some evidence on the effects of depression and psychotraumatic symptoms between 1 and 6 months after a loss. Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with two groups: control group (n = 18) and experimental group (n = 11) in two assessments (1 and 6 months after loss); both included a semi-structured interview (Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised–IES-R). The experimental group had a cognitive-narrative program with four sessions: recalling; cognitive and emotional subjectivization; metaphorization; and projecting sessions. Results: Participants in the experimental and control groups have lower levels of depression and traumatic stress 6 months after a loss. Statistically significant results in emotional numbing IES-R sub-scale are observed. Conclusions: A brief narrative-based cost-effective intervention has a positive effect on depression, controlling the traumatic stress and time after a loss.


2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Ankit Tiwari ◽  
Sunil K. Singh ◽  
Ajitabh Bora ◽  
Baikuntha J. Gogoi ◽  
Sanjai K. Dwivedi

A survey was made during ‘Kisan Jawan Vigyan Mela’ at Defence Research LaboratoryResearch and Development Centre (DRL R&D Centre), Salari, West Kameng district ofArunachal Pradesh with an aim of getting insight of issues, challenges and opportunitiesof agriculture sector. The relevant data was collected during Mela from 67 farmers of 11villages of the district using semi-structured interview (SSI) and a rank-based quotient (RBQ)was worked out to rank the farmers issues and challenges. Based on ranking of problemsby the group of farmers, outbreak of insect-pest and diseases, paucity of quality seedmaterial of field and vegetable crops and lack of technical knowhow were found to be themajor issues and challenges of the region. The problem solution trees for three of the majorproblems were constructed and the opportunities in hill farming were suggested to thefarmers as per the impact analysis and RBQ.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Doocy ◽  
Hannah Tappis ◽  
Emily Lyles ◽  
Joseph Witiw ◽  
Vicki Aken

Background: The war in Syria has left millions struggling to survive amidst violent conflict, pervasive unemployment, and food insecurity. Although international assistance funding is also at an all-time high, it is insufficient to meet the needs of conflict-affected populations, and there is increasing pressure on humanitarian stakeholders to find more efficient, effective ways to provide assistance. Objective: To evaluate 3 different assistance programs (in-kind food commodities, food vouchers, and unrestricted vouchers) in Idleb Governorate of Syria from December 2014 and March 2015. Methods: The evaluation used repeated survey data from beneficiary households to determine whether assistance was successful in maintaining food security at the household level. Shopkeeper surveys and program monitoring data were used to assess the impact on markets at the district/governorate levels and compare the cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transfer modalities. Results: Both in-kind food assistance and voucher programs showed positive effects on household food security and economic measures in Idleb; however, no intervention was successful in improving all outcomes measured. Food transfers were more likely to improve food access and food security than vouchers and unrestricted vouchers. Voucher programs were found to be more cost-efficient than in-kind food assistance, and more cost-effective for increasing household food consumption. Conclusion: Continuation of multiple types of transfer programs, including both in-kind assistance and vouchers, will allow humanitarian actors to remain responsive to evolving access and security considerations, local needs, and market dynamics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir Khan ◽  
Qaisar Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Zakaria ◽  
Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain

Pakistan and Malaysia have a significant bilateral economic relationship. The Pakistan–Malaysia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was signed in 2007, and was implemented in 2008. Pakistan’s volatile exports to Malaysia never achieved a sustainable period of growth. Trade balance has not achieved significant changes even after 9 years of implementation of the agreement. With this backdrop, this study first quantifies the current FTA between Pakistan and Malaysia and then suggests changes that could be made to improve the outcome for Pakistan. A new global economic trade model is adapted to include more detailed information on Pakistan’s labor and household groups into the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. This allows for a more detailed analysis of the impact of the FTA on Pakistan at the household level. The results show that there is win–win scenario for both Pakistan and Malaysia if both are able to renegotiate the current FTA to get the same tariff concession as awarded to each other’s trading partners.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Shaweta Singla ◽  
Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo ◽  
Karen Shields ◽  
Lorah Dorn ◽  
Diane Thiboutot

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Penn State KL2 Career Development Program provides a comprehensive structured training and mentorship to junior faculty scientists (KL2 scholars). The goal of this study is to describe the perceptions of scholars after completion of the training and determine self-perceived impact of the program using exit interviews as a unique method. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Ten KL2 scholars (5 from each cohort of 2014 and 2017) participated in the evaluation. We used a descriptive qualitative design supplemented with quantitative data, to conduct an individual in-depth exit interview with each scholar to understand their perceptions on the impact of the KL2 program. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide developed by the program directors including scholars and a Likert scale survey. Thematic analysis of the data involved: reading and re-reading transcripts, identifying and categorizing keywords and phrases and developing overall themes that explained the processes within categories. In establishing rigor, two authors carefully coded, categorized and identified patterns and emerged themes which were also reviewed and confirmed by the other authors. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Two sets of themes emerged. The main themes that described positive aspects of the KL2 program by scholars included: Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Mentoring, and Protected Time for Independent Research. Scholars also identified some contrary themes that included: Limited Access to Expenditures, Changes in Individual Mentorship Needs and Areas for Improvement. On a Likert scale (1- not at all, 10-extremely likely), scholars reported high positive influence of the KL2 program on their scope of research (8.7±0.52) and future career (8.5±0.70). They also found mentorship experience with primary mentor (9.6±0.22) and team (8.5±0.54) as well as peer collaboration (8.5±0.67) opportunities highly beneficial to their career and professional development. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The qualitative study strengthens the reliability of data and scholar recommendations collected via other evaluation measures. Findings broaden understanding of the processes through which program outcomes are achieved effectively and where modifications are needed. An updated program for cohort 3 was guided by cohort 1 and 2 interview responses.


2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sheheli ◽  
K Fatema ◽  
SM Haque

The study was conducted to investigate the existing status and practices of fish farming. A total of 100 farmers were interviewed by using a structured interview schedule from three villages (Porabari, Mathabari and Vabanipur) of Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district at their houses and/or farm sites during January to May 2013. Most of the farmers (89%) made profit from fish production. The study confirmed that most farmers have improved their socio-economic conditions through fish production which plays an important role in increasing income, food production and employment opportunities. Five major areas are identified to improve the existing fish farming situation, which are quality fry, credit facilities, low-cost quality feed, training, and marketing channel. The impact analysis of fish farming on livelihood of fish farmers shows that overall 64% fish farmers have increased overall livelihood from fish farming during the last four years (2010-2013). Access to micro-credit, provide good quality input such as fry, feed, vaccines, etc., market facilities, supply of improve technologies, and provide training all lead to increased fish production. The constraints index (CI) analysis shows that overall 74% fish farmers faced medium constraints for fish farming. A total of nine (9) main constraints identified hindering their fish farming, and major constraints are high production cost, lack of technical knowledge and inadequate supply of good quality fry etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19172 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 191 - 201, 2013


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari ◽  
Rima Setiani ◽  
Sulusi Prabawati ◽  
NFN Turyono ◽  
NFN Hardiyanto

<p>Program Gerakan Tanam Cabai (Gertam Cabai) dilatarbelakangi oleh fluktuasi harga cabai yang berlangsung tiap tahun. Program ini bertujuan membantu penyediaan cabai secara berkelanjutan pada tingkat rumah tangga. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejauh mana pengaruh Gertam Cabai terhadap kemandirian pemenuhan kebutuhan cabai tingkat rumah tangga di Kota Bogor dan Jakarta. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dan impact analysis. Pada metode impact analysis dilakukan pengukuran nilai indikator sebelum dan setelah intervensi program pada dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat intervensi program (Kelompok Aksi) dan kelompok yang tidak mendapat intervensi program (Kelompok Kontrol). Pada masing-masing kelompok dilakukan penghitungan selisih nilai indikator pada saat impact dan baseline. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Gertam Cabai belum memberikan pengaruh terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan cabai tingkat rumah tangga. Hal ini terlihat dari: (1) tidak adanya perbedaan volume pembelian cabai antara sebelum dan sesudah Gertam Cabai pada kelompok penerima, dan (2) tidak adanya perbedaan volume pembelian cabai sesudah periode program tersebut antara kelompok penerima dan non penerima. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak tanaman cabai yang mati, cabai yang dibagikan tidak sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen, dan cabai merupakan komoditas yang bersifat inelastis. Terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan apabila program itu masih akan dilaksanakan, yaitu: (1) jenis cabai dalam program itu agar disesuaikan dengan preferensi konsumen, dan (2) pembangunan sistem dan tatanan kelembagaan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan program meliputi sistem pembagian benih, penentuan kelompok penerima, pendampingan pra dan pasca pembagian benih, serta pembekalan teknis budidaya kepada kelompok penerima.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Gerakan tanam cabai; Rumah tangga; Impact analysis</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Chilli planting program was motivated by the fluctuation of chili price every year. The objective of this program was to assist the household level for having sustainable supply of chilli. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of chilli Planting Program on the self sufficiency of household chilli needs in Bogor and Jakarta. The method of analysis used is descriptive statistics and impact analysis. In the impact analysis method, the indicator measurement before and after the program intervention was done in two groups: the group receiving the program (Action Group) and the group that did not participate in the program (Control Group). The next step is to calculate the difference between the indicators value at impact and baseline on each group. The results showed that chilli planting program has not affected chilli self sufficiency at household level. This can be seen from: (1) there is no difference in the volume of chilli purchasing before and after chilli planting program in the action group, and (2) there is no difference in the volume of chilli purchasing after chilli planting program period between action and control group. This is because a lot of chilli plants were dead, the chili was distributed not in accordance with consumer preferences, and chilli is an inelastic commodity. Some suggestions that should be considered if there is a continuation of the chilli planting program are (1) distributed chilli type has to satisfy household preferences, and (2) the program should be equipped by simultaneous development of system and institutional arrangement to ensure its sustainability, includes a system for distributing seeds, determining beneficiary groups, providing pre and post seed distribution, and providing technical training to the recipient groups.</p><p> </p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Severina Šeštokaitė ◽  
Justinas Kisieliauskas

This paper presents an analysis of the impact that cultural activities have on community building. Recently, more and more people begin to understand the importance of community: they bring about local communities, and they begin to get involved in its activities. Cultural activities, in this case, offer a significant assistance. They are regarded as part of a typical community building stage. In this paper, the local community is perceived as a localized, cohesive social group with its own traditions, established norms, values, share the same interests, place of residence or attendance, and the most important – emotional connection. Community building begins with a motivated human leader, then leader create a group of people, that is next step on community building, and then community influenced by cultural activities and other motives is building. Cultural activities, joint celebrations have a huge impact on community building; therefore, there is a legitimate reason for further considerations. Different art projects worldwide are flexible and bring results, furthermore, they are economically effective ways to solve community building problems. The experts substantiate the cultural activity benefits for the community and confirm the importance of a leader at the primary stage of community building.The object of this thesis is a the impact of cultural activities on community building.The goal of this thesis is after a theoretical analysis of the relationship between cultural activities and the community, to carry out a study to assess the formation of the community through cultural activities.Cultural regions of Lithuania are experiencing the decline in population which results in the decline of supply of cultural activities and activities related to arts. In the context of dwindling communities and eroding communality a research question of this thesis arises: how to build a community based on cultural activities?Research methods of this thesis include different types of methods. In the first chapter a comparative theoretical analysis and synthesis of sources of literature method is used. In this part of thesis, the concepts of culture and community, the impact of cultural activities on society and community building are examined.In the second chapter of this thesis, having the intention to receive practical advice, and to acquire know-how on event planning for communities, a qualitative method has been chosen in a form of semi-structured interview with representatives of communities in Šilainiai (Kaunas microdistrict), Balsiai (in Šilalė distr.) and Akademija (in Kaunas distr.). After finishing the process of analysis of and structuring all the results of quantitative research indicate: has revealed such results: communities form for different reasons, and they face similar challenges (lack of human and financial resources), communality is expressed differently in each community, and the events are being held in accordance with the needs of the respective community.The following conclusions are published after analyzing the impact of cultural activities on the community building theoretically and qualitative studies with community presidents-experts:• The community is a group of people connected by common interests, places, communications, but the most important thing is the feeling. When we talk about the local community, we need to perceive it as a localised group of people.• In community building activities, the classic path takes place through cultural activities. Artistic cultural phenomena create more cohesive and sustainable communities, making it easier to involve people in the community. There are many art projects around the world that seek to bring divisive societies into communities through cultural activities. Such projects are flexible, proven and cost-effective ways to address community development problems.After reviewing the collected interview material, the following recommendations can be made for those who want to build a community in their place:• At the beginning of the community building, it is important person-leader with enthusiasm, energy and charisma. The leader can‘t be to strong – have just his ideas, his vision. The good leader for community is person, who can accept other ideas, who can listen community wishes, needs and say thank you to community members. It is small thing that humans needs.• It is important for people that their wishes, needs, ideas are heard and to be allowed to implement them;• It is worth involving members of the community in the process of organizing events – it is important for them to feel necessary and useful, but after involving the community, the process of organizing takes longer. And here comes challenge for leader to be able to properly moderate and distribute the work for community;• It is very important to co-create the process with community, to communicate, let them to feel like the creators of the celebration;• The number of cultural activities to be organised varies according to the needs of the community, but it is important to maintain a cyclicality, quantity and quality ratio. It is worth having a few bigger celebrations for the whole community with a variety of activities, while other events are organized for smaller and target audiences. Activities must be non-binding, but innovative, modern and;• The community is made up of people of all ages and none of them should be forgotten – everyone has to find the right activities for themselves, but young mothers and seniors usually join communities, so at the beginning of the community it is the target audience to which cultural activities must be adapted;• News about community events works best in a word-of-mouth format, but all possible channels need to be used to invite people to events: networks, local newspapers, libraries or even churches.Every community is unique and you need to know or make research to getting know what is community wishes, needs, what ideas have community members. The leader must be person that community trust.


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