scholarly journals A study on depression in people living with HIV/AIDS in South-West part of Uttar Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Rai ◽  
Babu L Verma
Keyword(s):  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS and depression are often thought to be interlinked. HIV positive cases may trigger symptoms of depression which, in turn, may result in risky sexual behavior and spread of HIV. Interviews were conducted in 104 patients of HIV/AIDS at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic of a teaching hospital in Uttar Pradesh (India) to study depression and examine its prevalence and association, if any, with some socio-demographic and clinical variables. The tools used to assess anxiety and depression and their severities were General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 28 and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) . The majority of patients were of age 35 years & above (62%), males (67%), married (85%), Hindus (88%), literate (73.1%), unemployed (35%) and of upper-lower socio-economic status (52%). Significant association of depression was found with religion, occupation and socio-economic status. Depression and anxiety were also found to be significantly associated with each other. There was, however, no association of depression with respondents’ age, gender, marital status, education, habitat, income, duration of illness from HIV/AIDS and the CD4 count. The high prevalence rate (67.3%) of depression amongst HIV patients in our study may be taken as marker to alert Counsellors of country’s ART Clinics for possible risk of depression in HIV patients. The above findings however, should be interpreted in the light of the fact that a parallel control group in the study was not included, studied sample was not large enough and the tools used to study the subjects for depression and anxiety were not adequately standardized.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.5(1) 2015: 12-17

scholarly journals Pressure cooker ownership and food security in Aurangabad, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine L van Elsland ◽  
Marinka van der Hoeven ◽  
Shubhangini Joshi ◽  
Colleen M Doak ◽  
Maiza Campos Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between household food security and home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership in low-income households affected by HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad, India.DesignCross-sectional pilot study which assessed household food security using the validated US Department of Agriculture's food security core-module questionnaire. Questions were added to explore household environment, education, occupation, home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership. Households with very lowv. low food security were compared using logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding by socio-economic status.SettingAurangabad is an urban setting situated in a primarily agricultural dependent area. The study was carried out in 2008, at the peak of the global food crisis.SubjectsAdult caregivers of children affiliated with the Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad.ResultsAll except for one of 133 households were identified as food insecure (99·2 %). Of these households, 35·6 % had to cut size or skip a meal in the past 30 d. Households that cut meal size due to cooking fuel shortages were more likely to have very low food security (OR = 4·67; 95 % CI 1·62, 13·44) compared with households having no cooking fuel shortages. Owning a pressure cooker was shown to be protective against very low food security after controlling for confounding by socio-economic status (OR = 0·27; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·64).ConclusionsOnly pressure cooker ownership showed a protective association with low household food security. Pressure cookers save household fuel costs. Therefore, future interventions should explore pressure cookers as a sustainable means of improving household food security.

scholarly journals Emotional triggering and low socio-economic status as determinants of depression following acute coronary syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steptoe ◽  
G. J. Molloy ◽  
N. Messerly-Bürgy ◽  
A. Wikman ◽  
G. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Acute Emotional Stress ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThe determinants of depression following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are poorly understood. Triggering of ACS by emotional stress and low socio-economic status (SES) are predictors of adverse outcomes. We therefore investigated whether emotional triggering and low SES predict depression and anxiety following ACS.MethodThis prospective observational clinical cohort study involved 298 patients with clinically verified ACS. Emotional stress was assessed for the 2 h before symptom onset and compared with the equivalent period 24 h earlier using case-crossover methods. SES was defined by household income and education. Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3 weeks after ACS and again at 6 and 12 months. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, duration of hospital stay and history of depression were included as covariates.ResultsEmotional stress during the 2-h hazard period was associated with increased risk of ACS (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.61). Both low income and emotional triggering predicted depression and anxiety at 3 weeks and 6/12 months independently of covariates. The two factors interacted, with the greatest depression and anxiety in lower income patients who experienced acute emotional stress. Education was not related to depression.ConclusionsPatients who experience acute emotional stress during their ACS and are lower SES as defined by current affluence and access to resources are particularly vulnerable to subsequent depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY, KANCHEEPRAM DISTRICT, INDIA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Hema Malini
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Aids Stigma ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Community-level stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV is found all over the world, with people forced to leave their home, change their daily activities such as shopping, socializing or schooling, face rejection and verbal and physical abuse. The objective of the study was to assess the HIV/AIDS stigma among the general public. Quantitative approach  and descriptive research design was adopted for the  present study. The study was conducted in Vallancherry a selected rural village of Kattankulathur . The sample size for the present study was 300. Three point rating scale  was used to assess the HIV/STIGMA and discrimination.The present study findings revealed that among 300 samples none of them reported severe stigma ,50 (16.7%)  participants reported moderate stigma and 250 (83.3%)  participants reported  low stigma. Stigma blocks access to HIV testing and treatment services, making onwards transmission more likely. The removal of barriers to these services is key to end the global HIV epidemic.Key Words : HIV, AIDS, Stigma, Discrimination, Rejection

scholarly journals Screening of Anxiety and Depression Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral in Medan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2590-2594
Author(s):  
Dona Farila Agus ◽  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
Vita Camellia
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Strength ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: HIV, which causes AIDS, infects the immune system cells, by destroying or damaging the function of the CD4. PLWHA will have twice the risk of experiencing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety compared with the general population, thereby suppressing immune function, decreasing their quality of life, decreasing the level of adherence to treatment, and contributing significantly to the occurrence of premature death. AIM: To determine the correlation Anxiety and Depression symptoms and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are undergoing Anti-Retroviral treatment at the HIV/AIDS METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, which assesses the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (HADS) and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are receiving ARV in the HIV/AIDS Special Services Polyclinic Medan Haji general hospital. RESULTS: It was found that the average HADS-A score, PLWHA was 15.286 and the SD ± 2.244. This shows that PLWHA is in moderate to severe anxiety and moderate to severe depression. The mean CD4 level of people with HIV/AIDS/PLWHA was 288.171 and SD ± 88.955. According to WHO criteria, regarding the classification of HIV immunodeficiency in adults, are classified as moderate immunodeficiency. There was a significant correlation between the HADS-A score and CD4 level with a correlation value of r = -0.592 indicating a negative correlation with a moderate correlation strength, and the correlation between HADS-D score and CD4 level. The strength of the relationship between HADS-D score and CD4 level is r = -0.650, shows a negative correlation with strong correlation strength. CONCLUSION: from this study, it was found that there is a relationship between depression and anxiety symptom and CD4 level.

scholarly journals Association between Compliance Level on Fixed-Dose Combination Antiretroviral Drug and CD4 Level among HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhil Ilham Mustafa ◽  
◽  
Nurfitri Bustamam ◽  
Andri Pramesyanti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: People living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) have weak immune systems and are prone to infection. Therefore, PLWHA must take antiretroviral (ARV) to maintain their immunity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of adherence to taking ARV fixed-dose combination (FDC) drugs and CD4 levels of HIV patients. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Pengayoman Cipinang Hospital, Indonesia, in 2018. Total of 91 HIV patient over 17 years of age, had or had received FDC ARV therapy for at least 1 year, and did not experience drug-induced hepatitis were enrolled in this study. The dependent variable was CD4 level. The independent variable was level of adherence to taking ARV fixed-dose combination (FDC). The data were taken from the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Poli Pengayoman Cipinang Hospital. This study used secondary data from the Overview of HIV Care and ARV Therapy. The data were analyzed using Chi-square. Results: A total of 65.93% HIV patients had a good level of medication adherence and 79.12% had an increase of CD4 levels. There was a significant relationship between adherence to taking FDC ARV drugs and CD4 levels (OR = 6.50; 95% CI = 2.15 to 19.62; p<0.001), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the level of adherence to taking FDC ARV drugs and CD4 levels. Therefore, patients must receive education and support to improve adherence to taking ARV drugs. Keywords: antiretroviral, CD4, fixed-dose combination, adherence to taking medication, people with HIV / AIDS Correspondence: Fadhil Ilham Mustafa. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran, Jakarta. Jl. RS Fatmawati, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081283681755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.03

Socio-economic status and HIV/AIDS stigma in Tanzania

AIDS Care ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbaraka Amuri ◽  
Steve Mitchell ◽  
Anne Cockcroft ◽  
Neil Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Aids Stigma ◽  
Hiv Aids

Mortality due to HIV/AIDS in Viet Nam: time trend and related socio-economic status in some populations and periods from 2005 to 2014

AIDS Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-849
Author(s):  
Ngoan Tran Le ◽  
Thuong Van Nguyen ◽  
Huong Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Shunya Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Time Trend ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Hiv Aids

Who pays the price for high neuroticism? Moderators of longitudinal risks for depression and anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1794-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vittengl
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Symptom Intensity ◽  
Physical Limitations

BackgroundHigh neuroticism is a well-established risk for present and future depression and anxiety, as well as an emerging target for treatment and prevention. The current analyses tested the hypothesis that physical, social and socio-economic disadvantages each amplify risks from high neuroticism for longitudinal increases in depression and anxiety symptoms.MethodA national sample of adults (n = 7108) provided structured interview and questionnaire data in the Midlife Development in the United States Survey. Subsamples were reassessed roughly 9 and 18 years later. Time-lagged multilevel models predicted changes in depression and anxiety symptom intensity across survey waves.ResultsHigh neuroticism predicted increases in a depression/anxiety symptom composite across retest intervals. Three disadvantage dimensions – physical limitations (e.g. chronic illness, impaired functioning), social problems (e.g. less social support, more social strain) and low socio-economic status (e.g. less education, lower income) – each moderated risks from high neuroticism for increases in depression and anxiety symptoms. Collectively, high scores on the three disadvantage dimensions amplified symptom increases attributable to high neuroticism by 0.67 standard deviations. In contrast, neuroticism was not a significant risk for increases in symptoms among participants with few physical limitations, few social problems or high socio-economic status.ConclusionsRisks from high neuroticism are not shared equally among adults in the USA. Interventions preventing or treating depression or anxiety via neuroticism could be targeted toward vulnerable subpopulations with physical, social or socio-economic disadvantages. Moreover, decreasing these disadvantages may reduce mental health risks from neuroticism.

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