scholarly journals High moisture acid sulphate soil effects on reed canary grass

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Epie Kenedy Etone ◽  
Seija Virtanen ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
Frederick Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Canary Grass

To examine the suitability of acid sulphate soils for perennial energy cropping and specifically to provide information on the responses of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) to raised water levels, a management option for these problematic soils, large core lysimeters of undisturbed field acid sulphate soil were taken into PVC tubes equipped with ground water level control and measurement instruments, planted with reed canary grass, and studied during the period 2008 - 2011. Two treatments; high water content (HWC, 20 cm below soil surface) and low water content (LWC, 70 cm below soil surface, considered normal for acid sulphate soils) were considered and there were 4 replicates. Tiller height, net photosynthesis, and above ground biomass at harvest were measured and Al, Fe, K, Si and S were analysed using ICP-OES. Tillers in HWC lysimeters were 30 and 23% taller than those in LWC lysimeters (P = 0.003, P = 0.002) in September 2009 and 2010 respectively. Net photosynthesis was higher in LWC grasses, although the margin was significant only in year 2009 (P = 0.04). Spring 2009, dry matter yields were almost the same in both treatments, but in 2010 and 2011, HWC grasses yielded 43% and 37 % more than LWC (P = 0.001 in both years), respectively. Dry matter harvested in spring of both 2010 and 2011 contained more Al, K, S and Si in the LWC treatment than in HWC treatment, whereas the concentration of Fe was higher in HWC treatment in 2009 and 2010. It was concluded that reed canary grass, an established bioenergy crop, grows well in acid sulphate soils and can perform better when the water table is raised to reduce acidity and prevent environmental hazards. This could serve as management option and a solution to the problems cause by acid sulphate soils and same time reduce the controversy about the use of bioenergy crops on arable land.

The effects of a permanently elevated water table in an acid sulphate soil on reed canary grass for combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 375 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenedy E. Epie ◽  
Seija Virtanen ◽  
Arja Santanen ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
Frederick L. Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Elevated Water Table ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Elevated Water

scholarly journals The reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated for energy utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil ◽  
V. Váňa ◽  
M. Káš
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Canary Grass

The reed canary grass as a source of energy was tested in field experiments on small plots at three different sites in 1996–2003. The effects of soil and weather conditions, different times of harvest (July, November, March) and different doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg/ha) on yields of phytomass were investigated. The effects of the harvest time on the water content in harvested phytomass, loss of phytomass in different harvest period and the content of basic nutrients and heavy metals in plants were all specified. The influence of the year, site and N fertilization on yields of phytomass of the reed canary grass was highly significant. The reed canary grass responded positively to increasing doses of nitrogen by the increase of yields of phytomass. On the averages of years and sites, the N application dose of 30 kg/ha increased dry phytomass yields of the reed canary grass harvested in November by 14.6% (1.08 t/ha). The higher dosage of N 60 kg/ha increased yields of phytomass of the reed canary grass at all sites by 32.8% (2.08 t/ha) on average in contrast with variants without fertilization. By the dose of N 60 kg/ha, the dry above-ground phytomass harvested in autumn was 10.04 t/ha in Ruzyně, 8.27 t/ha in Lukavec and 6.94 t/hain Chomutov on average over the whole period. The later times of harvest resulted in a decrease of the average yield of phytomass (8.41 t/ha in July, 8.00 t/ha in November and 6.04 t/ha in March) and the average water content (64.3% – 45.2% – 21.5%); on the contrary, energy value of phytomass increased (16.93 GJ/t – 17.02 GJ/t – 17.19 GJ/t). The average content of ash in plants varied from 6.5% in Lukavec to 9.31% in Chomutov. The content of heavy metals in plants never exceeded the highest permissible values set in the Czech Republic for food and feed purposes.

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LONG-TERM MID-SEASON CEREAL GRASS STANDS AT DIFFERENT MODES OF MOWING USE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Canary Grass

The use of the biological potential of self-renewal of the awnless brome and reed canary grass makes it possible to preserve the valuable species composition of long-term (23–25th years of use) mid-season agrocenoses. The productivity of grass stands against the background of the recommended doses of N90-180P20-40K100-150 fertilizers is 8.3–8.4 t/ha dry matter with two cuts and 9.1–9.6 t/ha with three cuts.

Feeding behavior and dry matter digestibility in sheep fed first and second cut reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tokita, ◽  
I. Yoshimura ◽  
T. Tokita
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Female Sheep

We investigated the intake and digestibility of different reed canarygrass (RCG) growth stages by sheep. RCG was cultivated in an experimental field and harvested at the first and second cuts at each pre-blooming stage. Feeding behavior was monitored on adult female sheep, fed 3 kg each of fresh RCG three times daily. While the crude protein content and dry matter digestibility of RCG were significantly higher in leaf than in stem tissue of both first and second cut in harvesting times, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents were higher in stem than in leaf. The dry matter intake of RCG at the second cut (296.1g) was significantly higher than at the first cut (214.1 g). The eating time for consumption of RCG on dry matter at the second cut (54.9 min) was shorter than at the first cut (69.4 min). Consequently, at the second cut, the rate of biting (54.6 bites/min) was lower than at the first cut (64.8 bites/min). Bite size, expressed as dry matter intake per bite, ranged from 0.05 g at first cut to 0.10 g at second cut.

IRRIGATED GRASS–LEGUME MIXTURES AS SUMMER PASTURE FOR YEARLING STEERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Potential Rate

Average annual gains of 748 and 853 lb were made by long-yearling steers on irrigated pastures at Kamloops, B.C., in 1958 to 1960, during grazing seasons of 121 and 131 days’ duration. A comparison was made using three grass–legume mixtures, namely, bromegrass–orchardgrass and ladino clover, bromegrass–orchardgrass and alfalfa, and Reed canary grass – orchardgrass and ladino clover. The feed efficiency based on pounds of dry matter consumed per pound of gain was superior for the bromegrass – orchardgrass – ladino clover mixture. There were no significant differences between daily animal gains on the three mixtures. Neither forage production calculated for TDN nor calculated animal TDN showed satisfactory comparative relationship to beef productivity of the three pasture mixtures.From the data it appears that beef production is limited by the forage potential. Rate of stocking, whereby the forage and animal potentials may be equated, deserve further study.

scholarly journals Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ÅSTRÖM ◽  
B. SPIRO
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Sulphur Isotope ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Isotope Study ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

The main aim of this study was to determine, during extreme hydrological conditions, the source(s) of acids, sulphate and metals (alkali and alkaline earths) in the Munsala stream (western Finland) draining mainly acid sulphate soil, peat and till. Samples were collected at 6 sites along the main stem on 3 high-flow and 3 low-flow events, and were analysed for the required chemical and isotopic variables. The acid sulphate soils (located under farmland) had a large impact on the stream as indicated by pH values occasionally down to 4.0, moderately to strongly increased concentrations of inorganic solutes, and a high acid SO4 2- load characterised by negative d34S(sulphate) values. In addition, the forested areas underlain mainly with till and peat released low SO4 2- but low pH waters (down to at least 4.6) during high flows, indicating the importance of humic acids in controlling the pH. These humic acids flocculated abundantly in the middle/ lower reaches as a result of interaction with acid sulphate water. Therefore, not only the farmland acid sulphate soils but also the organic-rich soils/horizons in the forested areas contribute to water-quality deterioration.;

scholarly journals The Leaching of Iron and Loss of Phosphate in Acid Sulphate Soil Due to Rice Straw and Phosphate Fertilizer Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Arifin Fahmi ◽  
Bostang Radjagukguk ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils

Low phosphorus (P) availability and high iron (Fe) concentration are the dominant characteristics of acid sulphate soils (ASS).  Optimum agricultural management practices are required to leach the excess Fe2+  and to prevent or minimize loss of P from the soil in order to obtain conditions favorable for rice growth. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of organic matter (OM) application in the form of rice straw (RS) on leaching of Fe and loss of P in an acid sulphate soil. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse consisting of three treatment factors utilizing the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil condition consisting of continuous application of RS and without RS during the past five years. The second factor was application of fresh RS consisting of fresh RS application and without fresh RS application, whereas the third factor was P application consisting of three rates of SP-36 fertilizer (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 times of the recommended rate). The results showed that RS application was effective in preventing P loss from the soil at 6 weeks after planting (WAP) and decreased the pH of leachate at all observations time but it increased Fe2+ concentration in leachate (0.07-0.42% Fe2+ in the soil were leached or 2-5 folds higher than without RS application).

scholarly journals Measured and simulated effects of sophisticated drainage techniques on groundwater level and runoff hydrochemistry in areas of boreal acid sulphate soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
I. BÄRLUND ◽  
S. TATTARI ◽  
M. YLI-HALLA
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Ph Level

To abate the environmental problems caused by the severe acidity and high metal concentrations in rivers draining acid sulphate (AS) soils of Western Finland, control drainage (CD) and lime filter drainage (LFD), and their combination, were investigated. The effectiveness of these best management practices (BMP’s) on drainage water quality was studied on plot scale in two locations. In Ilmajoki, where the sulphidic materials are more than 2 m below the soil surface, CD efficiently reduced the concentrations of sulphate, aluminium, manganese and iron concentrations and to some extent also increased the pH of the drainage waters. LFD, in contrast, effectively reduced the drainage water acidity and raised the pH level. Decrease of the groundwater level owing to strong evapotranspiration in summer could, however, not be properly prevented by CD. In Mustasaari where sulphidic materials were as shallow as 1 m below soil surface, the positive effects of LFD recognised in Ilmajoki were hardly seen. This shows, that the tested BMP’s work properly, and can thus be recommended, for intensively artificially drained AS soils like in Ilmajoki where most of the acidity has already been transported to watercourses. LFD can, however, not be recommended for as yet poorly leached and thus particularly problematic AS soils like in Mustasaari. This is, of course, a drawback of the tested BMP, as it is not effective for the soils which would need it most. The field data were tentatively utilised to test the performance of the HAPSU (Ionic Flow Model for Acid Sulphate Soils) simulation model developed to estimate the loads of harmful substances from AS soils.;

scholarly journals Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
International Context ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
The World

In order to place acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) of Finland in an international context, five pedons from cultivated a.s. soils from Liminka, Ylistaro and Laitila on the western coast of Finland were analyzed and classified according to Soil Taxonomy and the revised legend of the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World. Three of the pedons (Liminka 1 and 2, Laitila 1) had sulfuric horizons within 50 cm of soil surface and qualify as Typic Sulfaquepts. One pedon (Ylistaro) had a sulfuric horizon at the depth of 100-150 cm and was classified as a Sulfic Cryaquept. The fifth pedon (Laitila 2) did not have either a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic materials, but it had a pH

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs ADAMOVICS ◽  
Liena POIŠA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Canary Grass

For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.

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