scholarly journals Horodnytsia nad Dnistrom – unknown medieval city in Halych land

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 126-153
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Petehyrych
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Written Sources

Early Medieval materials from the complex of sites near the village Horodnytsia, Horodenka district, Ivano-Frankivsk region are analyzed. These sites are represented by hill-fort, cemeteries and numerous finds that are kept in museum collections of Lviv, Krakow, Warsaw, Vienna and in private collections. The hill-fort in Horodnytsia was discovered in 1876 by W. Przybysławski and described in detail by I. Kopernicki. The site is classified as a complex one – it occupies four localities and has a well-preserved system of fortification ramparts and ditches. It is supposed that original settlement was built during Hallstatt period and during Early Middle Ages its ramparts and ditches were additionally strengthened and the largest locality of the hill-fort was divided by a large rampart and ditch into two parts. I. Kopernicki and W. Przybysławski studied the territory of the hill-fort by excavation pits of 5×1 m and found only separate finds. In the late 30th of XX century the hill-fort was studied by Lviv archaeologist M. Smishko. He made a section of the rampart and found two burned buildings of ХІІ–ХІІІ centuries with the skeletons of killed adults and children. Traces of several settlements were recorded around the hill-fort, also barrows and under-plate cemeteries were investigated there. The barrow cemetery, which includes 16 mounds, can be dated to XI–XII centuries. It is related not to the hill-fort, but to earlier settlement in Horodnytsia. Instead, the under-plate cemetery (26 burials), located between the foot of the hill-fort and the right bank of Dnister River, was synchronous with the hill-fort. In addition to ordinary burials, rich female ones, typical for urban centre were found. It is possible that another under-plate cemetery, situated on the left bank of Dnister River in Zhezhava (now Zelenyi Hai, Ternopil region), is related to the hill-fort. All artifacts found in Horodnytsia belong to different categories of archeological sources, most of them are typical for urban settlements. According to its external features, the settlement fully corresponds to cities. Its area of 6,12 hectares, presence of cemeteries and traces of settlements witnessed about existence of the largest and most strategically important point in this part of Upper Dnister region between annalistic Halych and Vasyliv. The name of the modern village also carried urban tradition. Burning of the hill-fort and extermination of its inhabitants probably occurred during the Mongol invasion to Halych land in the end of 1240 – beginning of 1241. Analysis of the results of excavations and finds from Horodnytsia demonstrates that in Halych land, in addition to the cities known from chronicles, there were urban settlements that are not mentioned by written sources. Key words: Horodnytsia, hill-fort, cemeteries, archaeological finds, Mongolian invasion, written sources.

scholarly journals TREASURE OF MARTYNIVKA TYPE FROM THE VILLAGE OF PRAVI SOLONTSI IN KHERSON REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-150
Author(s):  
V. V. Hanoshenko ◽  
Ya. V. Volodarets-Urbanovich
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
Subtype 3

Article presents jewelry findings from Pravi Solontsi in the Lower Dnieper. The assemblage belongs to the circle of Dnieper early medieval hoards of first chronological group by O. A. Shcheglova or Martynivka type. The complex comprises 20 whole and fragmented metal items and 1 glass bead. All jewelry is represented by elements of women’s attire: details of collar (chain with link of «snake head», tubular beads Volodarets-Urbanovich / type 1, trapezoidal pendants ornamented with two / three punches circles in mid and blue bead) and bracelets (Rodinkova / type 5, subtype 3 and 2, Rodinkova / type 2, subtype of ornamented). The items existed in the Middle Dnieper region and the Dnieper left bank starting from the end of the 6th / turn of the 6th—7th cc. to the middle / third quarter of the 7th c. We have three explanations for the reasons for the appearance of the Slavic complex of Martynivka type in the Lower Dnieper. The first is connected with the relations between Slavs and nomads. The owner of the Pravi Solontsi complex could be in depending or in marital relations with a representative of the nomadic tribal union. Other variants are a trade or migration from the Middle Dnieper to the Crimea. Their confirmation is the jewelry of the Dnieper origin in the Crimea and the Pre-Caucasus. In addition, a series of things of Crimean origin is known in the Middle Dnieper and Left Bank Dnieper. Near the town Oleshky (next to the village of Pravi Solontsi), was find а small bronze fibula without ornament — brooch of the Danube circle (Joachim Werner’s class IH). V. Ye. Rodinkova believes that this find belongs to type Pergamon-Tai-zee, subtype undecorated according to I. O. Gavritukhin and is already a local modification. Thus, the treasure from the Right Solonets is already the second Slavic finds of the early Middle Ages from this micro-region.

New Trechus species of the kozlovi group from Sichuan (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4786 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-484
Author(s):  
IGOR A. BELOUSOV ◽  
ILYA I. KABAK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Small River ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village

The main goal of the present paper is to define the kozlovi-species group of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, one of the most species-rich groups of Chinese Trechus and to describe new species of this group from two neighboring areas in Sichuan Province. Description of species groups for Chinese Trechus is a way to get a more consistent view of the taxonomy of this extremely diverse genus. The kozlovi group includes many described species, which are widespread in Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. In turn, the group can be split into several subgroups each embracing close allopatric relatives but much more material from various areas of China is required for such detailed classification. In the present work, we describe 9 new Trechus species belonging to this group, all collected in central and southern Sichuan, China: T. suopoensis sp. n. and T. gemaensis sp. n., both from the northern slopes of Mount Gema, E of Danba City, T. bianericus sp. n. and T. maoniu sp. n., both from the nortwestern slopes of the mountain massif located south of Bianer Village, WNW of Danba City, T. shangensis sp. n., T. mengensis sp. n., both from the upper valley of the small river located WSW of the village of Shangmeng, NW of Lixian City, T. cuspis sp. n. from the southern slope of Mount “5200” NW of Lixian City, three latter species from the left bank of the Zagunao River, T. qunlaishanicus sp. n. from the Qunlaishan mountains on the right bank of the Zagunao River and T. chiguguanensis sp.n. from the Chiguguan Pass. 

scholarly journals § VII—The Byzantine Castle of Avret-Hissar

1919 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
A. M. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village

About eight miles south-west of Kilkish or Kukuš, on the right bank of the river Zensko, is the ruined village of Avret-Hissar. Facing the village, on the left bank of the stream, is a prominent rocky spur, rising steeply from the river and crowned by the remains of a remarkable mediaeval building.This was correctly identified by Leake, who does not appear to have visited the site, as the castle of Γυναικόκαστρο which played a prominent part in the history of this region in the fourteenth century. As I know of no published description of it, these notes seem to be worth publication in the hopes that a fuller study of the site may be made now that exploration in this area is more feasible.

scholarly journals A forgotten tributary of the Danube: The Vajas River

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
István Pánya
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Channel Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Written Sources

During the examination of the historical geography of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, the reconstruction of the medieval landscape was carried out, within which the channel conditions of the main watercourses were sketched. The Vajas River is assumed to be the most important medieval tributary of the Danube. It can be located based on historical maps, medieval and modern written sources. During the research, it turned out - based on our sources so far - that there was no tributary called Vajas on the right bank of the Danube. Only the tributaries/branches on the left bank of the river were called Vajas. The Vajas River was not uniform but consisted of at least four sections in an area of about 140 km from Kalocsa to Plavna.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF THE LIVING SPACE ON THE SEVERIAN VODYANE HILL-FORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
V. V. Koloda
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
The Road ◽  
Living Space ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Hill

The organization of the living space in the Romenska culture part of Vodyane hill-fort in Zmiiv district of Khakiv oblast is analyzed in the paper. The hill-fort occupies the edge of plateau and a high cape of the right bank of Uda River; it existed during two periods: the Early Iron Age — mid. 5th—4th cent. BC (the forest-steppe culture of Sсythian Age) and Early Middle Ages — the Romenska archaeological culture. In the latter period only the northern part of the site was inhabited (0,5 ha). The Severian neighboring community lived here for 50—60 years (within the 10th — beginning of 11th centuries). A total of 11 dwellings, 2 household buildings, 3 open heating systems (cookhouses), vault, 6 household pits (one of which was used for food storing) were discovered on the hill-fort. In the Severian time the hill-fort was built by rows/lines of houses from the southern east to the northern west with the consideration of the topographic level of each separate row. Three building lines are watched and the southern one was probably the earliest. First researchers recorded the entrance to the hill-fort on the west edge of the cape with a rampart. The absence of objects and, practically, of cultural layer in the south-western corner of the yard and along the considerable part of the western edge of the cape provide an opportunity to offer the organization of the living space of the settlement. From the entrance to the hill-fort, the road ran along the western edge of the cape, and the passes between rows of houses were located to the south from this road. At least 6 homesteads stand out on the hill-fort. 3 more homesteads can be defined based on the presence of cavities on the site surface. It points to the fact that the organization of the living space on Vodyane hill-fort in the end of the 1st millennium is defined by linear character (by rows) with elements of homestead building. It corresponds to the late period of the Severians’ development, when clan community was replaced by neighboring one.

The Site of Sunghir: Contents and Chronology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Trinkaus ◽  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
Maria B. Mednikova ◽  
Maria V. Dobrovolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The open-air Upper Paleolithic site of Sunghir (Сунгирь; Sungir’) is located along the northeastern edge of the Vladimir urban area, Russia, 192 km north of Moscow (56°10'30"N, 40°30'30"E). It is within the village of Dobrogo, currently absorbed into the city of Vladimir. The site is on the high left bank of the Klyazma River and on the right bank of the Sunghir stream close to where it flows into the river, ~750 m from the former, ~600 m from the latter, and ~50 m above the current level of the Klyazma. At the time of its discovery in 1955, the site was buried under several meters of loess, which were being removed with heavy equipment by the Vladimir Ceramic (or Brick) Works. The archeological material (see Bader 1978) was first unearthed in June 1955 by A.F. Nacharov, operating a power-shovel to remove sediment from the clay pit of the Vladimir Ceramic Works. During the summer, bones and eventually artifacts and hearths were turning up in the bucket of the equipment in a layer 15 to 20 cm thick and 2.8 to 3.2 m below the surface. Nacharov turned the artifacts and some of the bones over to the Vladimir District Regional Museum; the site was then repeatedly inspected by local individuals and V.M. Maslov, with word of the site eventually reaching O.N. Bader. The site was further investigated during the summer of 1956, with the first assessments of the nature and extent of the Paleolithic remains. As a result of the richness of the material, and especially the location of the site—it was the furthest north Paleolithic site known at the time—it was visited by series of specialists and in 1957 systematic long-term excavations were begun under the direction of O.N. Bader (archeology), V.I. Gromov (geology, fauna), and V.N. Sukachev (flora). Systematic excavations then proceeded for sixteen seasons from 1957 to 1977; more limited work has been undertaken recently (Seleznev 2008).

scholarly journals Мончазинское городище ― многослойный памятник в Южном Предуралье

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
◽  
Evgeny V. Ruslanov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Starting from the early Iron Age, the high root bank of the Belaya — downstream from its confluence with the Sim River and virtually to the Ufa Peninsula — was serving a natural barrier that separated the local tribes from nomadic populations who would sporadically penetrate into the left-bank flood pastures. It is along this barrier line that a group of sedentary settlements (hillforts of Okhlebinino I, II, Akberdino I-III, Shipovo, Monchazy) was discovered and identified as those of the Kara-Abyz culture. Supposedly, this advance warning system was still functioning in later periods too, i.e. the pre- and Golden Horde eras, and was somewhat related to antiquities of the Chiyalik archaeological culture. Goals. The work aims to introduce into scientific circulation archaeological materials from the Iron Age and the Late Middle Ages obtained as a result of repeated examinations and explorations at the site of Monchazy located 40 km southeast of Ufa in the lower reaches of the Sim River. The article provides data on the cultural layer of the monument, its defensive structures, introduces analogies to the found metal products, and reveals their cultural and historical aspects. Results. The results obtained indicate the site of the monument was used by both the Kara-Abyz population of the Southern Cis-Urals in the early Iron Age and the late medieval ‘Chiyalik’ residents. The paper also notes that this territory (the middle reaches of the Belaya between the mouths of the Bir and Sim rivers) was a transit area for carriers of Kara-Abyz ceramics with sand admixtures, while carriers of the Chialik culture quite often used fortified promontories of earlier eras (fortified settlements of Kara-Abyz, Bazhino, Ufa I, Ufa II). The publication also provides a broad historical cross-section of the eras (early Iron Age and Late Middle Ages) in relation to the territory on the right bank of the Belaya River. The work also provides data on the archaeological environment near the hillfort of Monchazy. The rather extensive archaeological materials make it possible to conclude as to the difference between ceramic traditions among the population of the Kara-Abyz archaeological culture. It is also noted that nomadic groups of Kipchaks that arrived in the territory of the settlement could have been included in the cultural environment by sedentary carriers of Chiyalik ceramics who professed Islam.

scholarly journals Study of hydrological changes in the middle section of the Bazavluk river under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
D. A. Kobyakov ◽  
A. A. Remez ◽  
J. L. Poleva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
The Village ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

This article is devoted to the study of one of the most significant problems of hydro-ecology, pollution of rivers and other water bodies through natural and anthropogenic factors. Without solving this problem, it will be extremely difficult to provide the population with safe drinking water, to allow the normal development and habitation of fish and other aquatic organisms in water bodies, and to protect the environment and its integrity. During our study of the Bazavluk River, a hydrological study was carried out, physical and geographical indicators were measured and studied, conclusions were drawn, and methodological recommendations were developed for the preservation and restoration of the Bazavluk River, which is necessary for economic water supply, fisheries, and irrigation. The reservoir has a length of 157 kilometers, and the area of ​​the basin is 4,200 km2. The river valley has a trapezoidal shape up to 2 kilometers wide. The river is winding; the lower part the left bank is sloping in contrast to the right, which is steep along the entire length of the reservoir. The width ranges from 8 to 10 meters, and the average depth is 1.5 meters. The slope of the river is 1.3 m/km. The Bazavluk River originates southeast of the village of Kozoduba, and flows from north to south (partly to the southwest) and flows into the Dnieper (Kakhovka Reservoir) 199 kilometers east of the village of Hrushivka. This reservoir has 6 main tributaries, the largest of which are: Rekalova (right, 14 km), Balka Koshovata (left, 16 km), Vodyana (right, 15 km), Bazavluchok (right, 24 km), Solona (left, 56 km), Kamyanka (right, 88 km). The ice crust usually appears in December and disappears in late February-early March. It mostly flows through the plain steppe, but sometimes there are places with high rocky shores. In dry years, shallow areas can dry out and freeze. Some water resources are used by local residents who have settled nearby to irrigate agricultural land.

scholarly journals Novi nalaz rimskog međašnog zida u Golubiću kod Obrovca

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Šime Vrkić
Keyword(s):  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
The West ◽  
Boundary Wall ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village ◽  
Roman Administration

This work presents a rare find of a Roman boundary wall found recently in the village of Golubić near Obrovac. Remains of a wide drystone wall were preserved about 900 m in length spreading in a straight line from the canyon of the Krnjeza river in the east to the southern slope of the hill Gradina in the west. The wall was built by the Roman authorities during the 1st century AD in order to make a territorial boundary between the two Liburnian peregrine communities. Most likely it was Hadra (Smokovac in Krupa) and one of the communities with the center on the left bank of Zrmanja. Roman administration built boundary walls to solve territorial disputes and possible conflicts between the members of neighbouring communities usually caused by rights of pasture and cattle movements in the boundary areas.

scholarly journals NEWLY DISCOVERED CATACOMB BURIAL OF THE 8-9TH CENTURIES IN THE TERRITORY OF CHECHNYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1015
Author(s):  
Azamat U. Ahmarov ◽  
Viktor S. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Side Wall ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Village ◽  
Grave Goods

The paper introduces material of two catacomb burials, discovered and investigated by the researchers of the Center for Archeological Research at the Institute of Humanitarian studies of Chechen Academy of Sciences during the archeological reconnaissance in the territory of Shali region of the Chechen Republic, on the land of one of the homeowners of the village Serjen-Yurt. The burial is located at the border of the Chechen plains and Cherny mountains, at their very foot, on a steep slope of the ridge, in the place of its transition into a flat terrace above flood-plain of the left bank of the river Khulkhulau. Remnants of three people (a man, a woman and a child) were revealed in the catacomb №1. In anatomical order, only the woman’s skeleton was found, while the bones of the other two buried were placed at the right side wall of the burial chamber. The woman’s grave goods included earrings, a neck ring (torc), bracelets, glass and cornelian beads, a “horned” buckle, etc. In an almost collapsed burial chamber № 2 remnants of a woman were found, the skeleton of which was purposefully destroyed. Among the remnants of the skeleton were her personal belongings: glass and cornelian beads, bracelets, a “horned” buckle, a pendant, bronze badges. According to the grave goods, the burials can be dated 8th – early 9th centuries. A feature of the investigated burial structures is that the long axis of the chambers was a continuation of the long axis of the entrance pit, while catacombs of the T-type were characteristic for the Alanian population of the North Caucasus of the 6th – 13th centuries.

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