Macrofauna edáfica como bioindicadora da qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo

Soil management systems can alter the soil fauna compound by organisms of high sensibility to the agricultural practices, especially those practices that interfere with the soil structure. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the diversity of soil macrofauna at different soil depths and management systems. A 4×3 factorial scheme [four soil managements: 1- no-tillage system (NTS) implemented 6 years ago (NTS6), 2- NTS for 17 years (NTS17), 3- conventional planting system (tillage) for 20 years (CTS) and 4- native forest for 20 years (NF20); three soil depths: 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m] was set in a completely randomized design with five replications in an area of the Cerrado biome. The monolith method was used to sample the macrofauna from the litter and soil, where the number of individuals, total richness (TR), Shannon (SI) and Pielou (PI) indexes were quantified. TR values at a depth of 0-0.3 m were higher in the NTS6 and NTS17. The highest densities of individuals and TR occurred in the litter of NTS6. In the NTS17, at 0-0.1 m, the highest TR, SI and PI were recorded among the management systems. The TR, SI, PI values and the analysis of vertical distribution by Cluster, demonstrated that NTS areas are similar to the NF20 at all soil depths evaluated. The NTS areas presented the highest macrofauna indexes compared the CTS.

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The degree of change of collembolan community structure related to anthropic soil disturbance

10.7287/peerj.preprints.721 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Rosana V Sandler ◽

Liliana B Falco ◽

César A Di Ciocco ◽

Ricardo Castro-Huerta ◽

Carlos E Coviella

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Biological Index ◽

Collembolan Community ◽

Physical And Chemical

Edaphic fauna play a crucial role in soil processes such as organic matter incorporation and cycling, nutrient content, soil structure, and stability. Collembolans in particular, play a very significant role in nutrient cycling and soil structure. The structure and functioning of the soil fauna can in turn be affected by soil use, leading to changes in soil characteristics and its sustainability. Therefore, the responses of soil fauna to different soil management practices, can be used as ecological indicators. Three different soil uses were researched: agricultural fields (AG) with 50 years of continuous farming, pastures entering the agricultural cycle (CG), and naturalized grasslands (NG). For each soil use, three fields were selected. Each sampling consisted of three soil samples per replicate. Collembolans were extracted from the samples and identified to family level. Five families were found: Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, Isotomidae, Entomobryidae, and Katiannidae. Soils were also characterized by means of physical and chemical analyses. The index of degree of change of diversity, was calculated. The results show that the biological index of degree of change can detect soil use effects on the collembolan community. Somewhat surprisingly the index showed that the diversity of collembolans is higher in the high anthropic impact site AG, followed by CG and being lower in lower impact sites, NG. The results also show that collembolan families respond differently to soil use. The families Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, and Isotomidae presented differences between systems. Therefore collembolan community structure can be a useful tool to assess agricultural practices´ impacts on soil.

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Safflower genotypes submitted to soil density levels

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i2.2977 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 142-153

Author(s):

Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽

Juliana Tertezinha Sasso Paludo ◽

Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽

William Fenner ◽

Maurício Dutra Zanotto

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Soil Density ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Crop Development ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

The Mean ◽

Completely Randomized Design

It is essential to have knowledge of changes in soil structure, as a result of agricultural use and its relationship with crop development, especially those with potential for use in new regions, such as the cultivation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the Cerrado. In view of this dynamics, the objective was to evaluate the phytometric components of safflower genotypes submitted to levels of soil densities in Cerrado Oxisol. Ten safflower genotypes were then submitted to compaction (five densities: 1.0, 1, 2, 1.4, and 1.8 Mg m-3) in a completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. The plots consisted of an overlap of three rings of polyvinylidene chloride of 0.01 m height each, and the treatments were applied in the intermediate layer. The phytometric components (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) and shoot dry mass of the crop were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. There was no significant interaction between safflower genotypes and soil densities, with the effects being isolated for genotypes and/or densities when significant. For the phytometric characteristics evaluated, the genotypes PI250196, PI301049, PI305173, and PI305205 are more stable about the variations of soil density in comparison to the others. The phytometric components and dry mass of safflower shoot are impaired from the mean density of 1.2 Mg m-3.

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Glyphosate behavior in a Rhodic Oxisol under no-till and conventional agricultural systems

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832005000100007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fábio Prata ◽

Arquimedes Lavorenti ◽

Jussara Borges Regitano ◽

Harry Vereecken ◽

Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Growth ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Management Systems ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Desorption Kinetics ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

No Till ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The behavior of glyphosate in a Rhodic Oxisol, collected from fields under no-till and conventional management systems in Ponta Grossa, Parana state (Brazil) was investigated. Both agricultural systems had been in production for 23 years. Glyphosate mineralization, soil-bound forms, sorption and desorption kinetics, sorption/desorption batch experiments, and soil glyphosate phythoavailability (to Panicum maximum) were determined. The mineralization experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (two management systems and two 14C radiolabelled positions in the glyphosate), with five replicates. 14CO2 evolution was measured in 7-day intervals during 63 days. The glyphosate sorption kinetics was investigated in a batch experiment, employing a glyphosate concentration of 0.84 mg L-1. The equilibration solution was 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 and the equilibration times were 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. Sorption/desorption of glyphosate was also investigated using equilibrium batch experiments. Five different concentrations of the herbicide were used for sorption (0.42, 0.84, 1.68, 3.36, and 6.72 mg L-1) and one concentration for desorption. Glyphosate phytoavailability was analyzed in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with two management systems and five glyphosate concentrations added to soil (0, 4.2, 8.4, 42.0, and 210.0 µg g-1) in a completely randomized design. Phytotoxicity symptoms in P. maximum were evaluated for different periods. The soil under both management systems showed high glyphosate sorption, which impeded its desorption and impaired the mineralization in the soil solution. Practically the total amount of the applied glyphosate was quickly sorbed (over 90 % sorbed within 10 min). Glyphosate bound to residues did not have adverse effects on P. maximum growth. The mineralization of glyphosate was faster under no-till and aminomethylphosphonic acid was the main glyphosate metabolite.

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Effects of pig slurry application on the diversity and activity of soil biota in pasture areas

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141869 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 1756-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Danni Maisa da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques ◽

Diego Armando Amaro da Silva ◽

Natielo Almeida Santana ◽

Eduardo Vogelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Soil Biota ◽

Native Forest ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Reference Area ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Chemical Fertilization ◽

Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACT: The successive application of pig slurry to pastures is a common practice in southern Brazil, serving as a method of waste disposal as well as an important alternative to chemical fertilization. Although there are economic benefits to the use of manure as fertilizer, it may be associated with environmental hazards and cause changes to composition and activity of soil fauna. This study aimed to study the effects of pig slurry on the soil biota of pastures. Composition and biological activity of pastures where manure was applied successively for 2 years (A2) and 14 years (A14) were evaluated, and native forest (NF) was analyzed as a reference area. Successive application of pig slurry to the soil changed its biological characteristics according to the time of implementation; influenced the composition and diversity of soil fauna, leading to an increase in the total number of individuals, especially springtails; and increased the activity of the soil biota, especially to a depth of 6cm.

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PENGARUH BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK HIJAU Calopogonium mucunoides TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merril) SERTA MAKROFAUNA TANAH DI GAWANGAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.24014/ja.v10i2.6829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Windy Natasha Putri ◽

Nelvia Nelvia ◽

Idwar Idwar

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Macrofauna ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Family ◽

Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Oil palm plantations in Riau are very extensive and developed on marginal land. The utilization of oil palm plant for soybean cultivation is an alternative to increasing soybean production in Riau, because soybeans are classified as plants that tolerant to shade. The research aimed to study the interaction of biochar and Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer on growth and yield of soybeans and diversity of soil macrofauna in inter-rows of oil palm plant. The research was conducted in Pekanbaru, carried out in 7-year-old oil palm plant and soil science laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau from April-August 2018. The research was done experimentally in a 3x3 factorial form using a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is biochar from coconut shell consists of 3 levels (0, 2,5 and 5 ton.ha-1). The second factor is Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer consists of 3 levels (0, 2,5 and 5 ton.ha-1). The parameters observed were plant height, pods per plant, percentage of pithy pods, seeds per plant, seed weight per plot, weight of 100 seeds, population density and relative density of soil macrofauna, and diversity index of soil macrofauna. The results showed 2,5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 2,5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer increased the number of pods per plant compared to controls. The total individuals and population of soil macrofauna increased at 5 ton.ha-1 biochar followed by 5 ton.ha-1 Calopogonium mucunoides green fertilizer with the family that was often found, namely Scarabaeidae. The diversity index of soil macrofauna is low.

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The degree of change of collembolan community structure related to anthropic soil disturbance

10.7287/peerj.preprints.721v1 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosana V Sandler ◽

Liliana B Falco ◽

César A Di Ciocco ◽

Ricardo Castro-Huerta ◽

Carlos E Coviella

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Biological Index ◽

Collembolan Community ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Ant Community in Neotropical Agrosystems: A Four-Year Study in Conventional and No-Tillage Systems

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v65i2.1204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽

Denise Lange ◽

Janser Moura Pereira ◽

Josué Raizer

Keyword(s):

Soil Fauna ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Environmental Complexity ◽

Ant Communities ◽

Ant Community ◽

Tillage System ◽

Dead Plant

Studies comparing agricultural practices that maintain a better quality and a healthy soil fauna consider the no-tillage farming as the most effective practice when compared to other planting techniques. In order to evaluate the influence of the no-tillage and conventional tillage methods (with and without manipulation of the soil before planting, respectively) on ant communities, we monitored two areas with these two types of practice (conventional and no-tillage) over the period of four years. We collected ants once per month along 10 transects randomly distributed using three pitfall traps in each area. In addition, we collected the dead plant biomass present at each point sampled as a parameter for measuring the environmental complexity of the areas. In total, we captured 27,480 individuals belonging to 26 species in the no-tillage area and 24,570 individuals belonging to 24 species in the conventional tillage area. The generalised linear model analysis showed that the no-tillage system had the highest abundance of individuals, as well as richness and diversity of species, during most of the study period, as compared to conventional tillage areas. We also found a significant positive correlation between species richness and dead plant biomass. Thus, it is possible to infer that the no-tillage area is a more complex environment with a greater diversity of ants and, therefore, a more sustainable agrosystem as compared to conventional tillage areas.

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Pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan rumput gajah mini variegata (Axonopus compressus)

Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap ◽

10.24843/jal.2018.v04.i01.p15 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Putra Diangga Sinaga ◽

Agus Ruliyansyah ◽

Muhammad Pramulya

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Stolon Length ◽

Long Time ◽

Solid Soil ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Materials Used ◽

Effect Of The Composition

Effect of the composition of planting media on the growth of pearl grass variagated (Axonopus Compresuss). Pearl grass variagated (Axonopus compresuss), is a kind of ornamental grass used as landscape grass or carpet grass. Planting pearl grass variegated at this time, just plowing land, only ultisol. These conditions cause the growth of slow grass, easy soil erosion, then it takes quite a long time to cover the land. Because Ultisol is poor for nutrients and has a solid soil structure, it requires a mixture of organic composition to add nutrients and improve soil structure to loose. Therefore Organic materials used such as sawdust and cow dung manure. The objective of the research is knowing the composition of planting media consists of, Ultisol (PMK), sawdust (SG) and cow‘s manure (KS) on planting of pearl grass variegated. Planting is done on the map with size 0.5 m x 0.5 m. This research used Completely Randomized Design () with 6 treatments, 5 replicates, each replication consist 25 plant and sampling 20%. Treatment for compositions such as m0 (PMK 100%), m1 (PMK 75%: SG 25%), m2 (PMK 75%: PS 25%), m3 (PMK 50%: SG50%), m4 (PMK 50%: PS 50%), m5 (PMK 50%, PS 25%, SG 25%). The research was done for approximately 3 months from mid August to November 2017 in experimental garden Faculty of Agriculture UNTAN. The Research shows that the composition of planting media have significant effect on observation variables, such as number of tillers, stolon length, cover area, root length and dry weight. The result of this research shows, the treatmen of m4(PMK 50% : PS 50%) has higher value among of other treatment.

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Visual soil structure quality assessment on Oxisols under no-tillage system

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162010000400016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 479-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola ◽

Alvaro Pires da Silva ◽

Cássio Antônio Tormena ◽

Bruce Ball ◽

Jadir Aparecido Rosa

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Structural Quality ◽

Native Forest ◽

No Tillage ◽

Structure Quality ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Soil Physical Quality ◽

Tillage System ◽

Temperate Soils ◽

Structure Assessment

Methods for evaluation the soil structure quality based on field evaluations are useful to determine strategies for soil management, with the advantage of requirement the use of little equipment and the possibility of immediate interpretation. A new methodology was recently developed to temperate soils for this purpose, called Visual Soil Structure Assessment (Ball et al., 2007). It was tested the hypothesis that it is possible to apply and advance in the interpretation of the results from use of Visual Soils Structure Assessment in cultivated Oxisols. Therefore the goal of this study was to apply, evaluate and enhance the potential of the methodology developed by Ball et al. (2007) in two Oxisols under long-term, no-till in Parana State, Brazil, as well as in a soil under native forest, used as reference of soil structural quality. The proposed implementation and progress in terms of structural quality for the distinct layers provided an assessment of soil physical quality more practical and detailed. This is useful to support the selection of appropriate techniques for mechanical and biological management systems in order to achieve the physical quality of soil suitable for crop development. Visual scores of soil structure quality proposed by Ball et al. (2007) can be applied to Brazilian Oxisols cultivated under no-tillage system.

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Liming on picloram leaching in dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p103-108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

Mauricio Franceschi ◽

Sayonara A. do C. M. Arantes ◽

Ednaldo A. de Andrade ◽

Adriano M. da Rocha ◽

Kelte R. Arantes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Weak Acid ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Accumulated Rainfall ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Acid Character ◽

Different Doses

ABSTRACT The practice of liming may influence the leaching of herbicides in soils, especially those with weak acid character, such as picloram. The study on leaching, preserving soil structure, is an important factor when one intends to understand the dynamics of herbicides and environmental impacts. Thus, the effect of liming on picloram leaching in a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol under field conditions was studied using a bioindicator plant. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD), in split-plot scheme, with factorial in the plot. The factors of the plot corresponded to two soil conditions (presence and absence of liming) and 5 picloram concentrations (0; 384; 768; 1152; 1536 g ha-1), and the factor of the subplot was 5 soil depths (0-8, 8-16, 16-24, 24-32 and 32-40 cm), with four replicates. Pipes were introduced into the soil and, in part of the treatments, limestone was applied superficially. After ninety days, the different doses of picloram were applied on the surface of each pipe and these pipes were withdrawn after an accumulated rainfall of 128 mm, to perform the bioassay using cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus). Evaluations of plant development (phytotoxicity and shoot biomass) were carried out 21 days after sowing. It was concluded that picloram showed high leaching rate under all studied conditions and liming increased picloram leaching at doses lower than 768 g ha-1.

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