scholarly journals Season and technique of green pruning on physiological and sensorial aspects of Maciel peaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e7039108575
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dotto ◽  
Kelli Pirola ◽  
Darcieli Aparecida Cassol ◽  
Alexandre Luiz Alegretti ◽  
Juliano Zanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Green Pruning

One of the aspects that should be considered regarding the fruit market is the quality. Appearance is considered an important factor as the color of the skin. One of the management techniques to improve the peach quality is green pruning. The objective of this study was to determine the season and the technique for green pruning. The study was carried out in a commercial orchard atDois Vizinhos city, Paraná State, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized experimental with four replications and two trees by experimental unit. The techniques were first to remove vertical branches facing the center of the canopy and in the base of the tree with reference to broken and poorly ones and, the second the belding of these. The use of green pruning for Maciel peach tree in five to four weeks before harvesting, improved fruit quality.

scholarly journals Time and technique of green pruning 'Charme' peaches to obtain quality fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dotto ◽  
Kelli Pirola ◽  
Darcieli Aparecida Cassol ◽  
Américo Wagner Junior ◽  
Idemir Citadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Times ◽  
Green Pruning

One of the management techniques that aim to improve the quality of the fruits is green pruning, which main purpose is to increase the penetration of light in the crown, favoring pigmentation, thus improving the flavor of the fruits. However, it is not always done, since it requires labor. The objective of this work was to evaluate the time and the way of Management green pruning, as well as the practice of thinning associated with it in order to obtain high quality peaches from the ‘Charme’ cultivar. The work was carried out in a commercial orchard in the Dois Vizinhos (PR) municipality, in three productive cycles. A completely randomized design was used, a 3 x 3 bifactorial scheme (green pruning time x green pruning management technique), with 4 replications of two plants per experimental unit. The times of green pruning or bending were in the third, fourth and fifth weeks before harvest. The techniques were first to remove vertical branches facing the center of the canopy and in the base of the tree with reference to broken and poorly ones and, the second the belding of these. The productive capacity and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated in three productive cycles. The quality of the ‘Charme’ peach only presented improvements with the green pruning from the third year of its realization.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Chemical Fertilizer Interactions in Pineapple under Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Dora Trejo ◽  
Wendy Sangabriel-Conde ◽  
Mayra E. Gavito-Pardo ◽  
Jacob Banuelos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Excessive inorganic fertilizers applied to pineapple crops in Mexico cause the progressive degradation and pollution of soils in the short- and long-term, and they also increase production costs. An alternative to reduce excessive fertilization is its partial substitution by nutrition and growth enhancing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The goal of this research was to compare the effect of AMF inoculation combined with different fertilizer doses and full chemical fertilization on pineapple yield variables in a commercial plantation. We used a randomized block design with six treatments: a non-inoculated control with 100% chemical fertilization, and five treatments with AMF inoculation and fertilization doses of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% chemical fertilization. There were four replicates of each treatment containing 30 plants in each experimental unit (plot). We measured the dry weight of the D-leaf 9 months after planting, and the root mycorrhizal colonization percentage, yield, and fruit quality after 18 months. Mycorrhizal inoculation equated to 100% chemical fertilization already when combined with 25% fertilization and surpassed it when combined with 50% fertilization in most of the yield variables measured. The fruit mass and organoleptic variables were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants with 50% fertilization than in the non-inoculated control and the treatments inoculated with AMF and combined with 0%, 25%, 75%, and 100% of a dose of chemical fertilizer. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in the field could reduce chemical fertilizer application by 50%, with no yield loss and with improved fruit quality.

Pre-harvest Conditions Associated with Staccato Sweet Cherry Fruit Quality: Mineral Status in Leaves and Fruitlets and Orchard Growing Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Ross ◽  
Peter M.A. Toivonen ◽  
David V. Godfrey ◽  
Lana Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Management Techniques

Data obtained over three growing years were examined with principal component analysis (PCA) to study how cherry quality was affected by pre-harvest mineral status in leaves, fruitlets and orchard growing factors. Higher foliar levels of calcium were correlated with lower levels of pitting and pebbling in stored cherries, however there was no relationship with these disorders and fruitlet calcium content. Temperature and leaf size were associated with pebbling and pitting levels in stored cherries. Leaf and fruitlet mineral content are not the only factors to be considered in understanding fruit quality; environmental effects and management techniques should also be considered.

Tracking livestock using global positioning systems - are we still lost?

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Swain ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
G. J. Bishop-Hurley ◽  
R. N. Handcock ◽  
T. Wark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Free Grazing

Since the late 1980s, satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS) have provided unique and novel data that have been used to track animal movement. Tracking animals with GPS can provide useful information, but the cost of the technology often limits experimental replication. Limitations on the number of devices available to monitor the behaviour of animals, in combination with technical constraints, can weaken the statistical power of experiments and create significant experimental design challenges. The present paper provides a review and synthesis of using GPS for livestock-based studies and suggests some future research directions. Wildlife ecologists working in extensive landscapes have pioneered the use of GPS-based devices for tracking animals. Wildlife researchers have focussed efforts on quantifying and addressing issues associated with technology limitations, including spatial accuracy, rate of data collection, battery life and environmental factors causing loss of data. It is therefore not surprising that there has been a significant number of methodological papers published in the literature that have considered technical developments of GPS-based animal tracking. Livestock scientists have used GPS data to inform them about behavioural differences in free-grazing experiments. With a shift in focus from the environment to the animal comes the challenge of ensuring independence of the experimental unit. Social facilitation challenges independence of the individual in a group. The use of spatial modelling methods to process GPS data provides an opportunity to determine the degree of independence of data collected from an individual animal within behavioural-based studies. By using location and movement information derived from GPS data, researchers have been able to determine the environmental impact of grazing animals as well as assessing animal responses to management activities or environmental perturbations. Combining satellite-derived remote-sensing data with GPS-derived landscape preference indices provides a further opportunity to identify landscape avoidance and selection behaviours. As spatial livestock monitoring tools become more widely used, there will be a greater need to ensure the data and associated processing methods are able to answer a broader range of questions. Experimental design and analytical techniques need to be given more attention if GPS technology is to provide answers to questions associated with free-grazing animals.

scholarly journals Componentes não integrantes da carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento recebendo ureia protegida ou agrícola em substituição ao farelo de soja

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
Lucas Braido Pereira ◽  
Ana Paula Machado Martini ◽  
Amanda Farias de Moura ◽  
Marcelo Ascoli da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Slow Release Urea

The effect of termination of steers in a feedlot using the total substitution of soybean meal by slow-release or agriculture urea on the non-carcass components was evaluated. Twenty-seven purebred and Charolais × Nellore castrated crossbred steers (mean age 20 months, mean initial weight 293 kg) were allocated to received concentrates containing slow degradation urea, soybean meal, or agricultural urea. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (breed predominance), with three treatments and nine replicates, with the animal being the experimental unit. Diets did not lead to significant differences in empty body weight (EBW). The similarity between treatments was also verified in relation to EBW/slaughter weight, with mean values of 0.87 for treatments containing urea and 0.88 for soybean meal treatment. The gastrointestinal contents, both in absolute weight and in relation to EBW, were similar between the rations evaluated, with mean values of 54.33 kg and 13.52%, respectively. Steers fed with slow-release urea had a 32.8% higher weight of omasum relative to 100 kg of EBW (P < 0.05) compared to the animals fed with soybean meal.

scholarly journals Winter cold deficit in low subtropical climate region and blackberry varieties phenology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Diego Ricardo Stumm ◽  
Danimar Dalla Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Winter Cold ◽  
The Western Region

In the western region of Paraná, the subtropical climate prevails, with little accumulation of hours of cold in the winter, making the fruit species not go into complete dormancy. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical defoliant on blackberry varieties, aiming at their complete defoliation and induction of numbness. The work was conducted at Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon Campus, in a four-year-old orchard of plants, spaced 3 x 0.5 m, simple spreader with two wire strands at a height of 120 cm from the ground, and 20 plants per grow crops. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, where two treatments related to the application of defoliant (with and without) on 7 cvs were evaluated blackberry, containing three replicates and three plants in each cultivar. Was used as a defoliant lime sulfur applied in August pruning then held 25 days after application. Regarding fruit quality, Caigangue and Tupy varieties showed the highest SS/AT ratio, indicating the best flavor of their fruits for fresh consumption. The cultivars Brazos and Guarani showed lower SS/AT ratio, indicating more acidic fruits. Higher levels of ascorbic acid were found in fruits of cvs. Guarani and Cherokee. The application of defoliant reduced the total number of blackberry fruits of the cultivars Comanche and Guarani. The use of defoliant did not interfere in the physicochemical characteristics of the blackberry fruits of the evaluated cultivars.

scholarly journals Rooting of semi-hardwood stem cuttings from current year shoots of Drymis brasiliensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciele Milani Zem ◽  
Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas ◽  
Maria Izabel Radomski ◽  
Henrique Soares Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Drimys Brasiliensis ◽  
Mortality Percentage

ABSTRACT: Drimys brasiliensis Miers is an Angiosperm native to the Atlantic Rainforest, commonly known as cataia. Because of dormancy of its seeds, due to embryonic immaturity, production of cataia seedlings presents challenges regarding propagation of the species. Thus, cuttings emerged as a possible technique to be applied, diminishing plants production time and ensuring uniformity of rooting. Stem cuttings from current year shoots were collected in autumn/2012, prepared with 10-12cm in length, a bevel cut on base and straight on top, keeping two leaves, one leaf or no leaves in the apical portion. After disinfestation, bases of cuttings were submitted to the following treatments with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in 50% hydro-alcoholic solution: 100% water, 0, 500, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000mg L-1 IBA. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 3 types of cutting x 7 IBA concentrations, with four replicates of 10 cuttings per experimental unit. After 120 days, the variables percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per cutting, length of the three longest roots per cutting, percentage of cuttings with callus, alive and dead, with new shoots and the cuttings maintaining the original leaves were assessed. The application of IBA had no influence on any of the assessed variables. Cuttings with two leaves presented the best rooting percentage (51.1%) and the lowest mortality (5.4%), when compared to cuttings with one leaf (35.0%) or without leaves (0.4%). Cuttings without leaves are to be avoided, since they present the highest mortality percentage (93.6%).

scholarly journals Miniestaquia a partir de minicepas originadas por enxertia de pitangueira adulta

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Lucía Peña Peña ◽  
Flávio Zanette ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Collection Time

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of the minicutting technique in the vegetative propagation of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.), through productivity and survival of ministumps, and rooting of minicuttings originating from grafting and treated with different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the successive collections. The ministumps were obtained through grafting (cleft graft) of scions collected from the selected tree onto rootstock formed by seeds collected from the same tree. To create the minigarden, the grafted seedlings were grown in root plugs and their sprouts were pruned, maintaining one pair of leaves on each sprout. From these ministumps, successive collections of sprouts (minicuttings) were made. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement (four periods of collection of minicuttings x four concentrations of IBA), with four replications and 20 minicuttings as an experimental unit. The survival rate of the ministumps was 100% after four successive collections of sprouts. In the higher temperature period was possible to carry out two collections of shoots. Mean yield was 2.4 minicuttings/ministump, 598.9 minicuttings/m2 in the first collection time, and 2.7 minicuttings/ministump, 681.1 minicuttings/m2 in the second collection time. Mean yield was 384.4 minicuttings/m2 /month. It was adventitious rooting of less than 1.9%. The rooting of minicuttings from grafting of the Surinam cherry is not favored with the use of IBA.

scholarly journals Uso de diferentes pontas de pulverização no controle de doenças no trigo

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alicia Baumhardt Dorneles ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Zanandra Boff de Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Clarissa Moraes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
State University ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Grain Contamination

Unstable environmental factors contribute to the incidence of diseases and pests, causing reduced yield and grain contamination, especially the attack by Giberela (Fusarium graminerum). In this scenario, appropriate management techniques are needed. Strategies such as choosing the suitability of the spray tip for chemical control are indispensable. The aim of this study was to use four spray tips: CVI 11002, ADI ISO 11002, TVI ISO 8002 and ATR 8002. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of The State University of Rio Grande do Sul, in the district of Três Vendas, in Cachoeira do Sul-RS. The cultivar used was TBIO SELETO. The fungicide used was Nativo®. A completely randomized experimental design with 4 replicates and a control plot was adopted. The following parameters were evaluated: weight of one thousand grains (PMG, %), hectoliter weight (PH; kg hL-1) and yield (PRD; kg ha-1). The variance was tested by applying the Snedcor F test (p<0.05) and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). The weight of one thousand grains, hectoliter weight and yield were not influenced by the use of different spray tips adopted in the wheat phytosanitary control.

scholarly journals Interference of Sorghum sudanense and Eleucine indica in the soybean and corn cultivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Rizzardi ◽  
A.C.D. Wandscheer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Sorghum Sudanense ◽  
Corn Plants

The natural infestations are composed of numerous species that compete for environmental resources such as water, light, nutrients and space. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of mixed infestations Sorghum sudanense (sudangrass) and Eleusine indica (goosegrass) in the presence of soybean and corn. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications and the experimental units consisted of plastic pots with a volume capacity of 8 L. The treatments were associations of plants S. sudanense and E. indica in the proportions 8:0, 6:2, 4:4,2:6 and 0:8, respectively, corresponding to 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% S. sudanense and the reverse for E. indica. In all treatments remained constant four soybean or corn plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed in the weeds were shoot dry weight, root, total and height of plants. The competitive analysis was accomplished through diagrams applied to replacement series experiment and indexes of competiveness. The results indicated that E. indica was more competitive than S. sudanense in mixed infestations with corn. Rather, S. sudanense was more competitive than E. indica, in mixed infestations with soybean, demonstrating differences in competitiveness among the weeds.

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