scholarly journals Morpho-agronomic parameters, chemical composition and genetic divergence among Manihot sp. access

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e748974864
Author(s):  
Fleming Sena Campos ◽  
Glayciane Costa Gois ◽  
Mailson Monteiro do Rêgo ◽  
Ana Paula Gomes da Silva ◽  
Divan Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tall Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Apical Leaf ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Dark Green

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the morpho-agronomic parameters, chemical composition and genetic divergence among Manihot sp. access collected in the Curimataú and Cariri micro regions of the State of Paraíba - Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 10 access and 8 replicates. Morpho-agronomic characterization was evaluated through 16 agronomic traits and 12 morphological traits. For the chemical evaluation, 11 traits were discriminated. According to the results, access 2 (Monteiro-PB) was considered a tall plant, with larger canopy area with smaller leaves. The access are cylindrical plants with dark green apical leaf and obovate-lanceolate central lobe, straight or zig zag growth, green vein and with the presence of five lobes and terminal branches in the green plants. The branching levels range from 1 to 4, upward or horizontal petiole and reddish green petiole color. The stipules are short and the sinuosity of leaf lobe is smooth. From the chemical variables evaluated in the access of Manihot, the ones that contributed the most to distinguish genotypes were the content of neutral detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates and total carbohydrates. The morpho-agronomic traits together with the chemical composition data serve as a parameter to indicate the possible access to be used in the forage processing, with better nutritional value.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Opuntia ssp. at Different Phenological Stages: Implications for Forage Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Danilo Dantas Da Silva ◽  
Albericio Pereira De Andrade ◽  
Divan Soares Da Silva ◽  
Francisco Abel Lemos Alves ◽  
Roberta De Lima Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Three Stages

The study aimed to evaluat the chemical composition of forage cactus cladodes of the genus Opuntia spp. at different stages of phenological development. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 4×3 factorial scheme, with four species of cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw, Opuntia undulata Griffiths, Opuntia atropes Rose and Opuntia larreri FAC Weber) and three stages of cladode development (young, intermediate, and mature). The chemical composition of Opuntia cladodes varied according to species and phenological stage. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations increased, and crude protein (CP) decreased with cladode maturation. The species O. atropes had the lowest levels of organic matter (OM), CP, total carbohydrates, and non-fibrous carbohydrates, as well as the highest values of mineral matter, NDF and ADF. Calcium and phosphorus contents increased with cladodium maturation. The concentrations of boron, copper and manganese were higher in the young and intermediate stages. The cladodes of O. stricta, O. undulata and O. larreri showed better nutritional quality for feeding domestic ruminants. Young and intermediate cladodes are more proteinaceous and less fibrous. These results can be useful in selecting the forage cactus species and in optimizing the use of cladodes for feeding different categories of ruminants in semiarid regions.

scholarly journals Influence of the period of year on the chemical composition and digestibility of pasture and fodder selected by goats in caatinga

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Messias José dos Santos SILVA ◽  
Dulciene Karla de Andrade SILVA ◽  
André Luiz Rodrigues MAGALHÃES ◽  
Kedes Paulo PEREIRA ◽  
Érica Carla Lopes da SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

SUMMARY This study aimed to verify the influence of months on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of pasture and forage selected by goats in the semiarid region of Brazil’s Pernambuco state. Six male goats fistulated in the rumen were used in a completely randomized design. Forage collection was conducted in herbaceous and shrub/tree layers, in order to simulate goat grazing, and materials were separated into leaves and branches. Extrusa and pasture collections were held in November, January and February/March. There was collection month (P <0.05) effect for pasture on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), with average values of 458.27g/kg NM and 155.46, 521.30 and 390.13g/kg DM, respectively. For the stem (P <0.05) for DM, Organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), ethereal stratum (EE), ADF, acid detergent unavailable protein (AIP), total carbohydrates (TCHO) and dry matter in vitro digestibility (DMIVD), with average values of 487.47g/kg NM and 930.80, 69.07, 20.67, 440.30 and 63.78g/kg DM, respectively. About the extrusa, there was collection time effect (P <0.05) on the DM, OM, MM, CP, EE, AIP, TCHO, Non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and DMIVD, with average values of 84.53g/kg DM, 863.03, 136.97, 152.90, 33.60, 14.07, 676.37 and 55.35g/kg DM, respectively. Rainfall changes in the rainy season in the caatinga altered pasture quality, causing changes in the diet selected by goats, mainly in DM, CP, CNF and DMIVD.

scholarly journals Sorghum cultivars of different purposes silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Higor Fábio Carvalho Bezerra ◽  
Poliane Meire Dias de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Profile Losses ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study aimed to assess the fermentation profile, losses and chemical composition of the silages of five sorghum cultivars. A completely randomized design with five replicates was used. The experimental treatments were represented by five sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench): 'BRS Ponta Negra' , 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800' and 'BRS 810'. There was variation (P<0.05) for the pH in the cultivars studied, with highest result of pH by 'BRS 610'. The average percentages of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, differed (P<0.05) among the cultivars, ranging from 32.9 to 59.5, 19.8 to 39.8, and 0.0 to 1.3g kg-1, respectively. The dry matter recovery varied among cultivars (P<0.05), allowing the identification of BRS Ponta Negra, and 'BRS 810' silages, as those which recovered the lowest dry matter, with values of 757.1 and 776.1g kg-1, respectively. There were differences (P<0.05) for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates contents among the cultivars. It was concluded that, despite the morphological and chemical differences among cultivars, the resulting silages had good fermentation profile.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of cactus pear cladodes under different fertilization and harvesting managements

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Gil Mario Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Marcos Neves Lopes ◽  
Theyson Duarte Maranhão ◽  
Dhones Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of combined phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and of harvesting frequency on the chemical composition of 'Gigante' cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities, Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Fertilization with nitrogen (urea) and phosphorus (single superphosphate) was done with nine doses, respectively: 10 and 70, 70 and 10, 70 and 70, 70 and 130, 100 and 100, 130 and 70, 130 and 130, 130 and 190, and 190 and 130 kg ha-1 per year, besides 100 kg ha-1 N and P2O5 per year as the control. The harvesting frequencies evaluated were annual and biannual. A randomized complete block design was adopted, in split plot, with four replicates. The effect of fertilization on the contents of total dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and total carbohydrates in the cladodes varies with harvesting frequency and site. Regarding harvesting frequency, there were higher contents of organic matter, total carbohydrates, and neutral detergent fiber, but lower contents of crude protein for the biannual harvesting in both municipalities. Annual harvesting improves the nutritional quality of primary and secondary cladodes in the municipality of Quixadá and of secondary and tertiary cladodes in Tejuçuoca.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Energy Yield of Elephant-Grass Biomass as Function of Five Different Production Ages

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Rafael Souza Freitas ◽  
Tatiane Da Costa Barbé ◽  
Rogério Figueiredo Daher ◽  
Ana Kesia Faria Vidal ◽  
Wanessa Francesconi Stida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Second Degree

Elephant grass has high biomass production, with qualities suitable for conversion into bioenergy, but has long been used exclusively for animal feed and only in recent years has it become an energetic alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to select genotypes with potential for energy production. This study evaluated the effect of five harvest times (8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks) on the yield and chemical composition related to biomass quality through combined polynomial regression analyses of the following elephant grass genotypes: Cubano Pinda, Mercker 86-México, Pusa Napier n°1, Mole de Volta Grande, P-241-Piracicaba, and King Grass. A completely randomized design with three replicates, in a split-plot arrangement, was adopted, including two factors (plots = genotypes, subplots = harvest times). The evaluated variables were whole-plant dry matter yield, in t ha-1 (DMY), percentage of neutral detergent fiber (%NDF), and percentage of acid detergent fiber (%ADF). The elephant-grass genotypes Cubano de Pinda, Mercker 86-México, and P-241-Piracicaba showed a linear first-degree effect as a function of the harvest intervals, indicating that they did not reach their maximum production potential. Genotypes Pusa Napier n°1, Mole de Volta Grande, and King Grass, in turn, had a linear second-degree effect. For the NDF variable, all genotypes showed a significant linear second-degree effect as a function of the harvest intervals, except P-241-Piracicaba, for which no regression was observed. For this genotype, there was a significant linear first-degree effect on the %ADF variable.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of elephant grass silages supplemented with different levels of dehydrated cashew bagasse

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danillo Glaydson Farias Guerra ◽  
Isaac Sydney Alves da Silva Maia ◽  
Alexandre Paula Braga ◽  
Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes Assis ◽  
Jesane Alves de Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition of elephant grass silages supplemented with different levels dried cashew bagasse (DCB). Our experiment used a randomized design replicated four times, each replicate consisting of the following five treatments: 100% elephant grass; 95% elephant grass + 5% DCB; 90% elephant grass + 10% DCB; 85% elephant grass + 15% DCB; and 80% elephant grass + 20% DCB. The elephant grass was cut manually to a residual height of 5 cm at 80 days of age, and cashew bagasse was obtained from the processing of cashew stalks used in fruit pulp manufacturing in Mossoró/RN. Plastic buckets were used as experimental silos, and 90 days after ensiling the experimental silos were opened and the contents analyzed. The addition of dried cashew bagasse to silage linearly increased the levels of dried matter and crude protein by 0.59% and 0.13%, respectively, for each 1% addition (P < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent content of the silages was reduced by 0.22% and 0.09%, respectively, for each 1% addition of the bagasse. The total carbohydrate content was not influenced by the bagasse addition (P > 0.05), and averaged 82.29%. The levels of non-fiber carbohydrate showed linear growth (P < 0.05) as the dehydrated cashew bagasse was added, and pH and ammoniacal nitrogen levels were reduced. The addition of the dehydrated bagasse to elephant grass silage improves its chemical composition, and it can be effectively added up to the level of 20%.

scholarly journals Caracterización química de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
José Leonardo Ledea-Rodríguez ◽  
Dani Verdecia-Acosta ◽  
Orestes La-O-León ◽  
Jorge Valentín Ray-Ramírez ◽  
Juan José Reyes-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Seasonal Drought ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Content ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
New Varieties

Climate change has modified the behavior of climate variables, for this reason, pastures manifest a seasonal productive behavior, where the deposition of structural carbohydrates is modified and in some cases the absorption of minerals. The objective of this study was to characterize, in varieties of Cenchrus purpureus tolerant to drought, the chemical composition of leaves and stems at different ages of regrowth in conditions of intense seasonal drought. The experimental period covered the years 2013 to 2015, in the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages of the Institute of Agricultural Research “Jorge Dimitrov”. In a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement was used, and the dynamics of the chemical composition of leaves and stems of new varieties of C. purpureus were characterized, in different ages of regrowth and different climatic periods (rainy and not very rainy), and their combination (4 x 3 x 2). The interaction age of regrowth with climatic station affected the chemical composition of the leaves (p≤0.001), altering the content of cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellular content (CC), calcium (Ca) and silica (Si), while in the stems this interaction only affected the concentration of ADF. The isolated effect of the climatic season modified in leaves (p≤0.01) the content of phosphorus (P) and lignin (Lig), it stems the P content (p≤0.001). When the regrowth age varied, there was a modification of the chemical composition of the leaves (crude protein and Lig) and stems (crude protein). The new varieties of C. purpureus under conditions of degradation and intense seasonal drought showed a pattern of chemical behavior similar to that of tropical grasses, but with low contents of protein and phosphorus.

scholarly journals Fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of elephant grass silage added the buriti fruit peel

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Ribeiro Ferreira ◽  
Leilson Rocha Bezerra ◽  
Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques ◽  
Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile

The objective of this research was to evaluated the inclusion of buriti fruit peel as additive on the fermentation profile, losses, chemical composition and degradability of elephant grass silage. We used a completely randomized design with five levels of buriti fruit peel (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g kg-1). The silos were opened after 28 days of storage. In situ degradability monitoring was conducted using a split-plot design in which four animals represented the blocks and silage supplemented with five levels of buriti fruit peel represented the treatments. The use of the additive in elephant silage increased dry matter (DM) (P < 0.001), ether extract (EE) (P < 0.001), ash (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P= 0.0000). The pH (P= 0.0000), N-NH3 (P = 0.024) and there was a decrease in gas losses (P < 0.001), effluent losses and dry matter recovery (P = 0.218) not were influenced by the addition of buriti fruit peel. The inclusion of buriti fruit peel linearly reduced the ruminal degradability DM of soluble fraction (a) (P < 0.001) and potentially degradable insoluble fraction (b) (P < 0.001). The DM content increase with the addition of the buriti fruit peel to the elephant grass silage promotes improvements in the fermentation process, reduces losses of nutrients and ruminal disappearance of dry matter and does not significantly change the chemical composition with the inclusion of 166.7 g kg-1 of the buriti fruit peel.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and energetic values of wheat and its sub-products for broiler chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3481
Author(s):  
Jomara Broch ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Jeffersson Rafael Henz ◽  
Idiana Mara da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

<p>The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected by nitrogen retention (AMEn) and metabolization coefficients (MC and MCn) of different feeds for broilers from the western region of Paraná State. The experiment was conducted at the Physiology of Birds Laboratory at UNIOESTE. Two hundred and sixty male chicks of the Cobb 500 strain, at 21 days old, were distributed in a randomized design with 12 treatments and four replicates of five birds per experimental unit. The feed ingredients studied were ten different wheat middlings, one triticale, one wheat grain and a reference diet. Values for dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, mineral matter, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium composition were determined as well as the geometric mean diameter of the feed particles. To determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) the total excreta collection method was used with growing birds. The chemical composition of the feeds was variable. The values for AME and AMEn ranged from 1. 819-2. 958 and 1. 734-2. 882 kcal. kg-1, respectively. Based on these energetic values and the values for gross energy, the coefficients of metabolizability were calculated. The values ranged from 43. 26-75. 24% for MC and from 42. 28- 73. 31% for MCn.</p>

scholarly journals Nutritional analysis of noodles with and without the additional of Pereskia aculeata

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciele Milani ZEM ◽  
Cristiane Vieira HELM ◽  
Henrique Soares KOEHLER ◽  
Katia Christina ZUFFELLATO-RIBAS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Pereskia aculeata Mill. is a cactaceous, popularly known as ora-pro-nobis, considered a native and non-endemic vegetables besides being rich in protein, fiber, iron and calcium, among others. This work aimed to study the chemical composition of noodles prepared with the incorporation of dry leaves flour, stems and fresh leaves of Pereskia aculeata, to identify and quantify the nutrients and minerals present. Four recipes were tested: traditional noodles with flour; noodles with incorporating flour from dried leaves; noodles with leaves flour incorporation + stem; noodles with incorporation of fresh leaves. The following analyzes were carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications, and data expressed in percentage in wet and dry basis (g 100g-1): moisture, ash, protein, fiber, lipids, total carbohydrates, total caloric value and minerals. Among the tested recipes, it was concluded that the noodles with incorporating flour dried leaves of Pereskia aculeata showed the best moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, fibers and lower total caloric values. Furthermore, it showed the best results for all analyzed minerals, thus the better nutritional quality.

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