Sexually transmitted diseases. System of measures aimed at preventing the spread of STD

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
M.V. Shchetkina ◽  
◽  
K.A. Sidelnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Significant Spread

Recent years have changed the concept of sexually transmitted infections. This situation is due to the development of international tourism, a change in the age structure of the population, a changing attitude towards sex, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens. The significant spread of sexually transmitted infections in all regions of the world is a matter of concern not only for venereologists, but also for sociologists. All sexually transmitted infections have different symptoms, modes of infection and pose a serious threat to health. The article examines the factors that influenced the rapid growth and spread of sexually transmitted infections, the classification of the diseases under consideration is given. In addition to the main routes of transmission, other routes by which only a few sexually transmitted infections (in particular, HIV, cytomegalovirus, etc.) can be transmitted are considered in detail. The authors proposed the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, including a set of health measures aimed at preventing infection with sexually transmitted diseases.

Modern aspects of epidemiology and prevention of typhoid infection (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Alla Nikolaevna Kaira ◽  
Vyacheslav Fedorovich Lavrov ◽  
Oksana Anatolievna Svitich
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Strains

Typhoid fever is still an urgent infection, especially in countries where the majority of the population lives below the poverty line, with limited resources, and without the ability to comply with basic hygiene rules. About 11 million cases of typhoid fever are registered worldwide every year, and about 400 people die from this infection every day. The global development of international relations activates migration processes, tourism, and provides rapid movement of significant masses of people around the world, which makes the risk of widespread typhoid infection quite real. In recent years, due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi, treatment of typhoid fever has become less effective. Natural disasters in the form of earthquakes and floods, man-made disasters, as well as military conflicts that occur in different parts of the world, are fertile «soil» for the emergence and spread of typhoid infection, which actualizes the implementation of appropriate prevention measures, including immunoprophylaxis of the disease. Despite the obvious success in the fight against typhoid fever, which consists in a significant reduction in cases of typhoid infection in the world, this dangerous infectious disease still remains an urgent problem, both for health authorities and the population of many countries. Children and young people are still ill, and there is a real risk of infection spreading to any country. Natural disasters pose a real threat of typhoid outbreaks and epidemics. Mass appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi significantly complicates the treatment of patients, dictates the need for constant monitoring of the pathogen’s resistance to antibiotics and the introduction of typhoid immunoprophylaxis for epidemic indications among professional risk groups, labor migrants, and tourists traveling to countries with typhoid-affected countries. There is also a need for reliable epidemiological surveillance of this infection, carried out on an ongoing basis.

scholarly journals Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV in Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Cortés Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Good Coverage ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction adolescents represent a vulnerable group exposed to sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. It is a stage in which they are subjected to constant changes in physical, mental and social development and risk factors such as ignorance, early sex, drug addiction, social inequality, gender and myths contribute to this exposure. Objective: To delve into the characteristics of adolescents that put them at risk of acquiring an STI-HIV/AIDS. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out where the databases included in the LILACS, EBSCO and HINARI services were consulted, and very good coverage was achieved, both in Cuba, Latin America and the Caribbean, and in the rest of the world. Conclusions: This review article on the risks to which adolescents are subjected to acquiring an STI-HIV/AIDS is put in the hands of all personnel involved in working with adolescents. For the family doctor in particular for being a staff closely linked to the community, allowing them to be in better conditions to detect these behaviors thus contributing to exercise and undertake prevention actions that will allow us to achieve the objectives of our Ministry of Public Health in relation to with this indicator.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China, 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chunxia ◽  
Ai Zisheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mainly transmitted by sexual contact or similar sexual contact, which can cause diseases of genitourinary organs ,accessory lymphatic system and major organs of the whole body. STIs include clinically symptomatic diseases and asymptomatic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide.By analyzing the temporal trend of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in China in the past 20 years, we can provide a scientific basis for the further development of prevention and control measures related to sexually transmitted infections. Methods Joinpoint regression model is used to fit the incidence data of three sexually transmitted diseases in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) are calculated to evaluate the temporal trend changes of the incidence of three major sexually transmitted diseases. Results The overall incidence of AIDS/HIV has been on the rise for 20 years, rising by an average of 33.7% per year (P < 0.05). The most obvious increase is in 2002–2005, an average annual increase of 102.5%. The overall incidence of gonorrhea is on a downward trend, decreasing by 4.9% per year on average (P < 0.05).However, its incidence shows a slow rising trend from 2012 to 2018, with an average annual increase of 6.0%. The overall incidence of syphilis is also on the rise, increasing by an average of 9.1% per year (P < 0.05). Except 1999–2003, the incidence of syphilis shows a downward trend, and the other time stages shows a significant upward trend. Conclusions In the past 20 years, the corresponding measures have been taken in China for sexually transmitted infections and achieved remarkable results, but the three major sexually transmitted infections are still in the forefront of the reported notifiable infectious diseases incidence in China. At the same time, all sexually transmitted infections are beginning to shift from high-risk population to the general population, especially adolescents and the floating population.Therefore, China should still pay more attention to the prevention and control of STIs to hold back their further spread or epidemic.

scholarly journals Male Urethritis Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Ângela Roda ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In women, Trichomonas vaginalis infection may present with vaginitis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, while in men it is mainly asymptomatic or causes mild and transient symptoms of urethritis, epididymitis, or prostatitis. In the past, little importance had been given to the impact of T. vaginalis infection on men’s health, since it was believed to be a self-limited condition without sequelae. However, there is growing evidence it is associated with more serious disorders in both men and women and efforts to diagnose and treat this parasitic infection have increased. Recent advances in testing for sexually transmitted diseases using multiplex molecular assays have increased diagnostic opportunities for T. vaginalis infection, especially in men, as detection of the parasite by traditional methods is much more challenging. We describe an unusual case of male urethritis caused by T. vaginalis observed in our consultation of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

scholarly journals Frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples of sexually active individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (42) ◽  
pp. 1698-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Farkas ◽  
Eszter Ostorházi ◽  
Katinka Pónyai ◽  
Béla Tóth ◽  
Elmardi Adlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Resistant Strains

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis have important role among the causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples obtained from patients examined in the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre of the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest between May 1, 2008 and July 31, 2010. Patients and methods: Samples were taken from the urethra in men and from the cervix and urethra in women by universal swab (Biolab®) into Urea-Myco DUO kit (Bio-Rad®) and were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C°. Antibiotic sensitivity of positive samples was determined in U9 bouillon using SIR Mycoplasma kit (Bio-Rad®). Results: Samples for 4154 patients aged 16-60 years were examined. In 247/4154 samples (6%) U. urealyticum and in 26/4154 samples (0.63%) M. hominis was isolated from the genital tract. Most U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains (75% and 77%, respectively) were cultured from cervix, while the remaining 25%, and 23% from the male and female urethra, respectively. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were most commonly detected in patients aged between 21 and 40 years. The majority of U. urealyticum strains were sensitive to tetracycline (94%), doxycycline (95%), azithromycin (88%) and josamycin (90%), but were resistant to ofloxacin (21%), erythromycin (85%) and clindamycin (79%). Seventy-seven percent of the U. urealyticum strains were simultaneously resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, suggesting that ex iuvantibus therapies may select cross-resistant strains to both antibiotics. The resistance of M. hominis to clindamycin, doxycycline, ofloxacin and tetracycline varied between 4% and 12 %. Conclusions: Because none of the strains was sensitive to all examined antibiotics, the antibiotic sensitivity of U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains should be determined. The high rate of ofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance should be considered in the therapy of U. urealyticum infections in Hungary. This is the firstsuch a clinical microbiological study in this topic in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1698–1702.

Co-Occurrence of Chancroid and Gonorrhea

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Mutairi Nawaf ◽  
Arun Joshi ◽  
Mohammad Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urethral Discharge ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Genital Ulcers

Background: Gonorrhea and chancroid are common sexually transmitted infections in many parts of the world. Still, cooccurrence of these two conditions is uncommonly reported. Objective: We present here a patient who presented with painful genital ulcers and urethral discharge simultaneously acquired from a single exposure, which turned out to be chancroid and gonorrhea, respectively. Both conditions responded well to a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone 250 mg. Conclusion: This report describes the uncommon occurrence of gonorrhea and chancroid in a patient. Clinical features, relevant investigations, treatment options of these two sexually transmitted infections, and possible implications in view of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic are briefly discussed.

Evaluation of VIASURE Sexually Transmitted Diseases Real Time PCR Detection kit (CerTest Biotec) for the diagnostic of sexually transmitted infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Cristina Casañ López ◽  
Belén Rivaya Sánchez ◽  
Gema Fernández Rivas ◽  
Águeda Hernández Rodríguez ◽  
Adrián Antuori Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Factors Influences the Screening and Counseling on Sexually Transmitted Infections among Adults in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, North-Eastern, Nigeria

2002 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Suleiman Said Buba ◽  
Amina Kaidal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
North Eastern

This study was aimed at determining the factors that influences the screening for sexually transmitted diseases among adults in Maiduguri metropolis of Borno State North-Eastern, Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, one research objectives and one research question was formulated and three null hypotheses were tested. The theoretical frame work used for this study was theory of Reason and Action developed by Martin Fish-Being & Ajzen Icek, (1980). The theory of Reason and Action (TRA), suggest that behavior is determined by individual’s intentions, attitude and belief to perform the behavior. Related literature was reviewed under the following sub-headings: Concept of sexually transmitted infections, Causative Agents and Adults’ Knowledge of Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections. Survey research design was used for this study. The populations for this study was made up of ten thousand and-ten (10,010), INEC, 2019, and five hundred (500) respondents were sampled for the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire on factors influencing the screening for sexually transmitted diseases among adult in Maiduguri metropolis (FISSTI). Five hundred respondents were sampled for this study and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents and to answer research questions. While, inferential statistics of Chi-square test was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significant. The result of the findings revealed that screening for sexually transmitted infections among adult in Maiduguri metropolis, had greatly influenced by different factors. Some respondents believed that screening for sexually transmitted infections is against their religious beliefs. Also the result of the findings revealed statistically that Factors influencing the screening for sexually infections in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different educational background did not differ significantly (p˃ 0.05). While, Factors influencing the screening for sexually transmitted infections between male and female in Maiduguri metropolis differed significantly (p˂ 0.05). and Factors influencing the screening for sexually transmitted infections in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different ethnic background did not differ significantly (p˃ 0.05). It was concluded that several factors had influenced the behaviors of adult towards the screening for sexually transmitted infections in Maiduguri metropolis. For example some respondents believed that screening for sexually transmitted infections is against their cultural and religious beliefs. Furthermore, some respondents’ shows concerns about stigma, social isolation and discrimination from the society as factor deterred them from accepting the screening for sexually transmitted infection, while some respondents show their concerns about health care workers attitudes, lack of confidentiality and accuracy of the screening result as a factor militating them from going to sexually transmitted infections. It was also found some that respondents strongly agreed that lack of knowledge and support from their family and friends hindered them from accepting the screening for sexually transmitted infections like hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus and HIV/AIDS. It was recommended that Government should embark on sensitizations workshops and public enlightenment campaigns to educate the general population of young adult on the sexually transmitted diseases and the importance of regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases. A well-organized health education campaigns and media (TV, radio and internet) are needed to improve public perceptions and understanding about sexually transmitted infections. Massive educational campaign that involves all stakeholders of society, including health care workers and community members, should be undertaking to make society more tolerant when it comes to issues of sexually transmitted diseases

The basics of prevention in dermatology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марат Гаджимурадов ◽  
Marat Gadzhimuradov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

The textbook is designed for medical students in the specialty 32.05.01 - public health and preventive medicine, in the discipline of dermatology. In the manual deals with the primary and secondary prevention of the most common dermatoses and sexually transmitted diseases. Materials textbook aimed at the acquisition of competences on the organization of anti-epidemic measures in parasitic and infectious dermatoses and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. The textbook contains test tasks and situational tasks for self-control.

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