scholarly journals Hubungan Lama Hemodialisis dengan Fungsi Kognitif yang Diukur Menggunakan Metode Trail Making Test A dan B

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naziratur Rafika ◽  
Linda Armelia
Keyword(s):  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trail Making

Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) telah menjadi masalah kesehatan  masyarakat global di seluruh dunia, sehingga perlu dilakukan hemodialisis (HD) yang merupakan terapi paling banyak dilakukan. Angka kejadian yang tinggi dari gangguan kognitif dan demensia telah banyak dilaporkan pada berbagai penelitian. Prevalensi terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif meningkat yaitu sebesar 30% sampai 70% pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lamanya hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif yang diukur menggunakan metode Trail Making Test A and B di RS. Anna Medika Bekasi.  Metode: Merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dengan sampel penelitian adalah 156 penderita PGK yang sedang menjalani HD di Rumah Sakit Anna Medika Bekasi, namun hanya 73 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek diwawancarai dan mengisi kuisioner Trail Making Test A and B. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Dari tes Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) diperoleh hasil yang mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif sebanyak 40 orang (54.8%) dan sebanyak 33 orang (45.2%) normal. Sedangkan pada TMT-B, hanya 9 orang (12.3%) yang mengalami penurunan dan 64 orang (87.7%) normal. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis, dengan nilai p 0,297 pada TMT-A dan nilai p sebesar 0,220 pada TMT-B. Simpulan: Tidak  terdapat  hubungan  yang  signifikan antara  lama hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis menggunakan metode Trail Making Test A and B.

scholarly journals A Stepping Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Osuka ◽  
Hunkyung Kim ◽  
Yutaka Watanabe ◽  
Yu Taniguchi ◽  
Narumi Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Trail Making

This study aimed to examine the concurrent validity of a novel motor-cognitive dual-task test, the Stepping Trail Making Test (S-TMT), as an indicator of cognitive impairment (CI), and compare its screening performance to that of motor or cognitive tests alone. This was a population-based cross-sectional study including 965 Japanese adults aged ≥ 70 years. To measure the time taken to perform the S-TMT, the participants were instructed to step on 16 numbers in sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. Motor and cognitive functions were assessed by gait speed and TMT part A (TMT-A), respectively. Participants were classified into CI (< 24 points), mild CI (MCI, 24–27 points), and intact cognition (> 27 points) categories based on their Mini-Mental State Examination score. Binary logistic regression models showed that the addition of the S-TMT to the covariates model gave the highest discrimination index (c-statistics), and significantly improved reclassification indices (net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement) for screening both CI and MCI compared to those of gait speed or TMT-A alone. These results show that S-TMT has a concurrent validity as a dual-task test for screening CI and MCI and better discrimination and reclassification performance than motor or cognitive tests alone in older adults.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DENGAN RIWAYAT STROKE DI POLIKLINIK SARAF RSUP PROF. DR. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirzha N. Paparang ◽  
Corry N. Mahama ◽  
Denny J. Ngantung
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
State Examination

Abstract: Stroke is a major cause of cognitive dysfunction. The incidences of cognitive dysfunction increase three-fold after strokes, usually involving impairement of abilities in visuo-spacial, memory, orientation, speech, attention, and performance functions. The rapid, practical, and approved examinations used to evaluate and confirm the decline in cognitive functions are the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). This study aimed to reveal the cognitive functions of outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using the above mentioned examinations. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted in November 2012. The results showed that there were 51 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria consisting of 32 males and 19 females. The highest decline of cognitive function by age, the educational level, and employment was 60-79 years, more than 9 years of education, and retired workers, respectively. The results of the MMSE, CDT, and TMT examinations for cognitive impairment evaluation were as follow: MMSE 62.75%, CDT 56.86%, TMT A 96.08%, and TMT B 84.31%. Conclusion: Most of the outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado showed cognitive impairments. Keywords: CDT, cognitive function, MMSE, stroke, TMT-A and B.   Abstrak: Stroke merupakan penyebab utama gangguan fungsi kognitif. Insiden gangguan kognitif meningkat tiga kali lipat setelah stroke, dan biasanya melibatkan kemampuan visuospasial, memori, orientasi, bahasa, perhatian dan fungsi eksekutif. Pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengonfirmasi penurunan  fungsi kognitif yang cepat dan praktis namun bernilai tinggi ialah Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), dan Trail Making Test (TMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan cross-sectional design dan dilaksanakan selama bulan November 2012. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 51 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 32 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan, penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak pada usia 60-79 tahun, tingkat pendidikan terakhir >9 tahun, dan pekerjaan pensiunan. Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE, CDT, dan TMT terhadap fungsi kognitif responden ialah: MMSE 62,75%, CDT 56,86%, TMT A 96,08%, dan TMT B 84,31%. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado telah memperlihatkan gagguan fungsi kognitif.Kata kunci: stroke, fungsi kognitif, MMSE, CDT, TMT-A dan B.

scholarly journals Cognitive decline heralds onset of symptomatic inherited prion disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mole ◽  
Simon Mead ◽  
Peter Rudge ◽  
Akin Nihat ◽  
Mok Tzehow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The clinical effectiveness of any disease-modifying treatment for prion disease, as for other neurodegenerative disorders, will depend on early treatment before damage to neural tissue is irrevocable. Thus, there is a need to identify markers which predict disease onset in healthy at-risk individuals. Whilst imaging and neurophysiological biomarkers have shown limited use in this regard, we recently reported progressive neurophysiological changes in healthy people with the inherited prion disease mutation P102L (Rudge et al, Brain 2019). We have also previously demonstrated a signature pattern of fronto-parietal dysfunction in mild prion disease (Caine et al., 2015; 2018). Here we address whether these cognitive features anticipate the onset of symptoms in a unique sample of patients with inherited prion disease. In the cross-sectional analysis, we analysed the performance of patients at three time points in the course of disease onset: prior to symptoms (n = 27), onset of subjective symptoms without positive clinical findings (n = 8) and symptomatic with positive clinical findings (n = 24). In the longitudinal analysis, we analysed data from twenty four patients who were presymptomatic at the time of recruitment and were followed up over a period of up to seventeen years, of whom sixteen remained healthy and eight converted to become symptomatic. In the cross-sectional analysis, the key finding was that, relative to a group of 25 healthy non-gene carrier controls, patients with subjective symptoms but without positive clinical findings were impaired on a smaller but very similar set of tests (Trail Making Test part A, Stroop Test, Performance IQ, gesture repetition, figure recall) to those previously found to be impaired in mild prion disease (Caine et al., 2015; 2018). In the longitudinal analysis, Trail Making Test parts A and B, Stroop test and Performance IQ scores significantly discriminated between patients who remained presymptomatic and those who converted, even before the converters reached criteria for formal diagnosis. Notably, performance on the Stroop test significantly discriminated between presymptomatic patients and converters before the onset of clinical symptoms (AUC = .83 (95% CI, 0.62, 1.00), p =.009). Thus, we report here, for the first time, neuropsychological abnormalities in healthy patients prior to either symptom onset or clinical diagnosis of IPD. This constitutes an important component of an evolving profile of clinical and biomarker abnormalities in this crucial group for preventive medicine.

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia V. Roring ◽  
Junita M. [email protected] ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract: Increased elderly in Indonesia grows in number and affects the health problems such as impaired cognitive function. Examination carried out by using Indonesian version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are used to determine the cognitive function. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of cognitive function among the elderly at nursing home and outside of nursing home at Sendangan, Remboken. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 59 people that met inculsion criteria. The Ina-MoCA examination showed that 94.9% of the elderly had a decline in cognitive function. Moreover, the TMT-A and TMT-B found that 100% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. Meanwhile, the CDT found that 49.2% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. In conclusion, the Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and CDT indicated that the majority of the elderly at Sendangan, Remboken had impaired cognitive function.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT Abstrak: Peningkatan lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (INA-MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), dan Clock Drawing Test (CDT) dapat digunakan untuk medeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Panti Werdha dan luar Panti Werdha di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 59 orang yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA menunjukkan 94,9% lanjut usia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Pada pemeriksaan TMT-A dan TMT-B didapatkan 100% lanjut usia terganggu. Pemeriksaan CDT mendapatkan 49,2% lanjut usia terganggu. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken memiliki fungsi kognitif yang terganggu.Kata kunci: lanjut usia, fungsi kognitif, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT

scholarly journals Schizophrenia with and without obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a comparative analysis of performance on trail making test and disability on WHODAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. e100237
Author(s):  
Apala Singh ◽  
Ram Pratap Beniwal ◽  
Triptish Bhatia ◽  
Smita Neelkanth Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Trail Making

BackgroundPresence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) affects performance on tests of some cognitive functions, such as the trail making test (TMT), and may affect the level of disability in schizophrenia (SZ).AimsThe aim of the present study was to compare performance on TMT and disability on WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) in persons with SZ with and without OCS in a cross-sectional study.MethodsPersons with SZ (n=200) fulfilling DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) diagnostic criteria were assessed on Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and divided into two groups based on presence or absence of OCS. TMT and WHODAS V.2.0 were applied. The two groups as a whole, as well as a subsample matched on age, gender and age of onset were compared.ResultsOut of 200 persons with SZ, 37 (18.5%) reported OCS. The OCS group took a significantly longer mean time to complete TMT-A (Z=−3.02, p=0.003) as well as TMT-B (Z=-3.551, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between TMT-A and total YBOCS Scores (r=0.351, p=0.033), as well as TMT-A and YBOCS compulsion scores (r=0.404, p=0.013) but not with TMT-B Scores. The OCS group reported greater disability in all domains separately as well as on average WHODAS Scores (Z=−5.969, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between YBOCS obsession scores and YBOCS total scores with average WHODAS Scores (r=0.614, p<0.001 and r=0.406, p=0.013, respectively). We obtained essentially similar results with the matched subsample as well as with the entire group.ConclusionPersons with SZ and comorbid OCS had significantly poorer performance on TMTs and greater disability in comparison to persons with SZ alone. Magnitude of disability correlated with severity of OCS.

scholarly journals Neurocognition in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Bipolar Disorder Type I From India

SAGE Open ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401143635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Deep Pattanayak ◽  
Rajesh Sagar ◽  
Manju Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Type I ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Disorder Type

The study aims to evaluate the neuropsychological functions of unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder Type I (BD-I) in comparison with healthy controls. The method was a cross-sectional assessment of 20 first-degree relatives of patients with BD-I and 20 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for all participants included age between 18 and 55 years, ≥5 years of formal education, right-handedness as per Edinburgh handedness inventory, absence of color blindness as per Ishihara’s isochromatic charts, and a score of >24 on Hindi mental state examination. None of the participants had a current or lifetime diagnosis of a mental disorder on Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Clinician Version. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted with Trail Making Test A and B, Stroop color and word test, N-Back Verbal Memory Test, and Post Graduate Institute (PGI) Memory Scale. Both the groups were comparable in age, gender distribution, and education. The unaffected first-degree relatives performed poorly on Trail Making Test B and (B-A), indicating a poor cognitive flexibility and set-shifting. The relative group also performed poorly on Mental Balance subtest of PGI Memory Scale. The unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with BD display certain impairments in dorsal prefrontal executive functions which can serve as vulnerability markers for BD.

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia V. Roring ◽  
Junita M. [email protected] ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract: Increased elderly in Indonesia grows in number and affects the health problems such as impaired cognitive function. Examination carried out by using Indonesian version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are used to determine the cognitive function. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of cognitive function among the elderly at nursing home and outside of nursing home at Sendangan, Remboken. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 59 people that met inculsion criteria. The Ina-MoCA examination showed that 94.9% of the elderly had a decline in cognitive function. Moreover, the TMT-A and TMT-B found that 100% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. Meanwhile, the CDT found that 49.2% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. In conclusion, the Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and CDT indicated that the majority of the elderly at Sendangan, Remboken had impaired cognitive function.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT Abstrak: Peningkatan lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (INA-MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), dan Clock Drawing Test (CDT) dapat digunakan untuk medeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Panti Werdha dan luar Panti Werdha di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 59 orang yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA menunjukkan 94,9% lanjut usia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Pada pemeriksaan TMT-A dan TMT-B didapatkan 100% lanjut usia terganggu. Pemeriksaan CDT mendapatkan 49,2% lanjut usia terganggu. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken memiliki fungsi kognitif yang terganggu.Kata kunci: lanjut usia, fungsi kognitif, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT

Concussion History Does Not Adversely Affect Trail Making Test Performance

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S12.2-S12
Author(s):  
Zarek Fasoranti ◽  
Alexander Enrique ◽  
Katie Hunzinger ◽  
Kelsey Bryk ◽  
Thomas Kaminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Concussion History

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of concussion history on the electronic version of the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and TMT-B performance.BackgroundThe effects of concussion history on cognitive performance when the individual is still young has received limited attention. There are inconsistent results in prior studies using computerized neurocognitive tests however the TMT assesses divergent neurologic systems including working memory, horizontal and vertical saccades, attention, cognitive processing, and executive function. While the TMT has routinely identified deficits acutely post-concussion, the long-term effect of prior concussions has not been established.Design/MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design of 50 current intercollegiate division I athletes (56% female, age: 19.8 ± 1.3 y.o.). Participants completed a reliable concussion history questionnaire as well as the TMT-A and TMT-B on an iPad at baseline. The independent variable was concussion history and the dependent variables were total time on TMT-A and TMT-B which were compared by independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsOf the 50 student athletes 26 (52%) reported at least one previously diagnosed concussion. There was no significant difference between groups for the TMT-A (No prior concussion: 22.9 + 6.1 sec and Concussion history: 19.7 + 4.1, U = 227.0, p = 0.10) or TMT-B (No prior concussion: 42.1 + 13.2 sec and concussion history: 38.1 + 11.3, t = 1.17, p = 0.25).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that while still in college, a history of one or more prior concussions, did not adversely affect neurocognitive performance on either the TMT-A or B test. As concussion history is sometimes associated with later life neurocognitive performance, future studies should assess TMT-A and B across the lifespan.

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