scholarly journals L-Malate Enhances the Gene Expression of Carried Proteins and Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver of Aged Rats

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. ZENG ◽  
J. WU ◽  
Q. WU ◽  
J. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
And Control

Previous studies in our laboratory reported L-malate as a free radical scavenger in aged rats. To investigate the antioxidant mechanism of L-malate in the mitochondria, we analyzed the change in gene expression of two malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS)-related carried proteins (AGC, aspartate/glutamate carrier and OMC, oxoglutarate/malate carrier) in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and three antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) in the mitochondria. The changes in gene expression of these proteins and enzymes were examined by real-time RT-PCR in the heart and liver of aged rats treated with L-malate. L-malate was orally administered in rats continuously for 30 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. We found that the gene expression of OMC and GSH-Px mRNA in the liver increased by 39 % and 38 %, respectively, in the 0.630 g/kg L-malate treatment group than that in the control group. The expression levels of SOD mRNA in the liver increased by 39 %, 56 %, and 78 % in the 0.105, 0.210, and 0.630 g/kg L-malate treatment groups, respectively. No difference were observed in the expression levels of AGC, OMC, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px mRNAs in the heart of rats between the L-malate treatment and control groups. These results predicted that L-malate may increase the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria by enhancing the expression of mRNAs involved in the MAS and the antioxidant enzymes.

Abstract TP447: Edaravone Reduces Hyperperfusion-related Neurological Deficits After Direct Bypass in Adult Moyamoya Disease

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruto Uchino ◽  
Naoki Nakayama ◽  
Ken Kazumata ◽  
Kiyohiro Houkin
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Direct Bypass ◽  
Adult Moyamoya Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Serial Measurements

Background and Purpose: Postoperative hyperperfusion-related transient neurological deficits (TNDs) are frequently observed in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) who undergo direct bypass procedures. The present study evaluated the effect of the free radical scavenger edaravone on postoperative hyperperfusion in adult MMD. Methods: This study included 92 hemispheres in 72 adult patients who underwent direct bypass for MMD. Serial measurements of cerebral blood flow were conducted immediately after surgery and on postoperative days 2 and 7. In 40 hemispheres in 36 patients, edaravone (60 mg/day) was administered from the day of surgery until postsurgical day 7. The incidence of postoperative hyperperfusion and associated TNDs were compared with a control group that included 52 hemispheres in 36 patients. Results: Radiological hyperperfusion was observed in 28/40 (70.0%) and 39/52 (75.0%) hemispheres in the edaravone and control groups, respectively (P = 0.30). Hyperperfusion-related TNDs incidences were significantly lower in the edaravone group compared with the control group (12.5% vs. 32.7%, P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that edaravone administration (P = 0.009) and left-sided surgery (P = 0.037) were significantly correlated with hyperperfusion-related TNDs (odds ratios, 0.3 and 4.2, respectively). Conclusions: Perioperative administration of edaravone reduced the incidence of hyperperfusion-related TNDs after direct bypass procedures in adult patients with MMD.

scholarly journals USP8 Gene Expression in Sporadic Pituitary Adenomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Hatipoglu ◽  
Omur Gunaldi ◽  
Buruc Erkan ◽  
Ayla Avcikurt ◽  
Meral Mert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Specific Protease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract PurposeIn sporadic pituitary adenomas the role of Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) is not clearly defined. Although mutations in USP8 gene are known to cause corticotroph adenomas, whether changes in expression of USP8 in other pituitary adenomas have not been clarified, yet. In this study we addressed the changes in USP8 gene expression levels in pituitary adenomas relative to non-adenomatous brain tissue.MethodsUSP8 gene expression analysis was performed on a total of 43 tissue samples from human pituitary adenomas and on 16 tissue samples from non-pituitary brain tissues (control group). Adenomatous tissues and control tissues were assessed for quantification of RNA expression of USP8.The levels of USP8 gene expression were determined relative to those in control group.ResultsUSP8 gene expression levels in pituitary adenomas (PA) were 3.7 times higher than the levels in control brain tissues (CBT) (p = 0.002). Levels of USP8 expression in secertory PA’s were significantly higher in comparison to the levels in CBT (p = 0.002).ConsclusionsPresent findings support that USP8 gene expression levels may contribute to pitutary tumorigenesis and hormonogenesis.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

scholarly journals Genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling are highly expressed in the bone of patients with the early-stage cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanying Gao ◽  
Ruiqi Wu ◽  
Rongge Liu ◽  
Jianquan Wang ◽  
Yingfang Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Impingement Zone

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown high expression levels of certain inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic genes in the articular cartilage from the impingement zone of the hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), representing an increased metabolic state. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular properties of bone tissue from the impingement zone of hips with FAI. Methods Bone tissue samples from patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were collected during hip arthroscopy for treatment of cam-type FAI. Control bone tissue samples were collected from six patients who underwent total hip replacement because of a femoral neck fracture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression associated with inflammation and bone remodeling. The differences in the gene expression in bone tissues from the patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were also evaluated based on clinical parameters. Results In all, 12 patients with early-stage cam-type FAI and six patients in the control group were included in this study. Compared to the control samples, the bone tissue samples from patients with FAI showed higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P < 0.05). IL-1 expression was detected only in the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in IL-8 expression between the patients with FAI and the control group. The patients with FAI having a body mass index (BMI) of >24 kg/m2 showed higher ALP expression (P < 0.05). Further, the expression of IL-6 and ALP was higher in the patients with FAI in whom the lateral center-edge angle was >30° (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results indicated the metabolic condition of bone tissues in patients with early-stage cam-type FAI differed from that of normal bone in the femoral head-neck junction. The expression levels of the genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling were higher in the bone tissue of patients with early-stage cam-type FAI than in the patients with normal bone tissue.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Expression and Alternative Splicing in Domesticated Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) under Flooding Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Joon Seon Lee ◽  
Lexuan Gao ◽  
Laura Melissa Guzman ◽  
Loren H. Rieseberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Alcohol Fermentation ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Approximately 10% of agricultural land is subject to periodic flooding, which reduces the growth, survivorship, and yield of most crops, reinforcing the need to understand and enhance flooding resistance in our crops. Here, we generated RNA-Seq data from leaf and root tissue of domesticated sunflower to explore differences in gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) between a resistant and susceptible cultivar under both flooding and control conditions and at three time points. Using a combination of mixed model and gene co-expression analyses, we were able to separate general responses of sunflower to flooding stress from those that contribute to the greater tolerance of the resistant line. Both cultivars responded to flooding stress by upregulating expression levels of known submergence responsive genes, such as alcohol dehydrogenases, and slowing metabolism-related activities. Differential AS reinforced expression differences, with reduced AS frequencies typically observed for genes with upregulated expression. Significant differences were found between the genotypes, including earlier and stronger upregulation of the alcohol fermentation pathway and a more rapid return to pre-flooding gene expression levels in the resistant genotype. Our results show how changes in the timing of gene expression following both the induction of flooding and release from flooding stress contribute to increased flooding tolerance.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF MELATONIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Rebeca CAPARICA ◽  
Erica Aparecida ROZISCA ◽  
Julio César MACENA ◽  
Laís de Almeida CAMPOS ◽  
Diana Fortkamp GRIGOLETTO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Antioxidant Molecule

Melatonin was discovered by Lerner and Coworkers in 1958, and is the main product secreted by the pineal gland. It is a phylogenetically highly conserved molecule and one of the oldest biological signaling mechanisms. It presents several biological functions, among them the most studied is the regulation of the sleep cycle and wakefulness. In addition, melatonin acts as an immunomodulatory, antioxidant molecule and has anticarcinogenic potential. It also participates in the regulation of mood and control of seasonal reproduction. Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and several of its metabolites have the ability to remove singlet oxygen, superoxide radicals, hydroperoxides, hydroxyl radicals and radical lipid peroxides. It easily penetrates cell membranes by being soluble in aqueous and organic media, playing a key role in cell biology. Although their activities are interesting for therapy, their low availability, short half-life, and rapid metabolism restrict their use. In this sense, nanotechnology is a tool that has been studied for the elaboration of systems that improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of melatonin, in order to potentiate its application in biological models. This review summarizes several studies published in recent years that have shown the most numerous biological activities of melatonin and the improvement of their therapeutic potential through nanotechnology.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Ashwagandha (withania somnifera [l.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max test) in healthy subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bargale Sushant Sukumar ◽  
Tripathy T B ◽  
Shashirekha H K ◽  
Suhas Kumar Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

In Ayurveda, certain herbal formulas are considered to be Rasayana and they are typically taken over periods of time to regenerate both brain and body tissue. Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) is used as an adaptogen, antioxidant, immune modulator, free radical scavenger, anti stress, anti arthritic, antispasmodic, anti inflammatory, nervous tonic, nerve soothing and anticancer agent. Ashwagandha (WS) as a nutritional supplement is yet too established. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a gold standard of cardiopulmonary and muscle cell fitness is considered.  The study evaluated the efficacy of Ashwagandha to improve cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max) in healthy subjects. They randomized single blind controlled comparative clinical study. 54 health volunteers in each group, study group received Ashwagandha Choorna 12gm with milk (200ml) empty stomach in the morning and the control group only milk (200ml). Maximal capacity of oxygen intake in ml/kg/min (VO2 max) with Rockport fitness walking test of both study and control group were measured before intervention (0th day), after the intervention (60th day) and follow up (90th day). A significant improvement in the VO2 max (F=20.675, P <0.0001) and Hemoglobin (X2=74.150 P <0.0001) in the study group was found. Supplementation of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) with milk improve hemoglobin and VO2 max (maximum aerobic capacity).

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Biomarker Identification: Significance Analysis of Microarrays and Two Persuasive Approaches with Random Forest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansapani Rodrigo ◽  
Bryan Martinez ◽  
Roberto De La Garza ◽  
Upal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significance Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Background: HIV Associated Neurological Disorders (HAND) is relatively common among people with HIV-1 infection, even those taking combined antiretroviral treatment (cART). Genome-wide screening of transcription regulation in brain tissue helps in identifying substantial abnormalities present in patients’ gene transcripts and to discover possible biomarkers for HAND. This study explores the possibility of identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes, which can serve as potential biomarkers to detect HAND. In this study, we have investigated the gene expression levels of three subject groups with different impairment levels of HAND along with a control group in three distinct brain sectors: white matter, frontal cortex, and basal ganglia. Methods: Linear models with weighted least squares along with Benjamini-Hochberg multiple corrections were used to identify DE genes in each brain region. Genes with an adjusted p-value of less than 0.01 were identified as differentially expressed. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to detect any groupings among the subject groups. Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) and random forests (RF) methods with two distinct approaches were used to identify DE genes. Results: A total of 710 genes in basal ganglia, 794 genes in the frontal cortex, and 1481 genes in white matter were screened. The highest proportion of DE genes was observed within the two brain regions, frontal neocortex, and basal ganglia. PCA analyses do not exhibit clear groupings among four subject groups. SAM and RF models reveal the genes, CIRBP, RBM3, GPNMB, ISG15, IFIT6, IFI6, and IFIT3, to have DE genes in the frontal cortex or basal ganglia among the subject groups. The gene, GADD45A, a protein-coding gene whose transcript levels tend to increase with stressful growth arrest conditions, was consistently ranked among the top genes by both RF models within the frontal cortex. Conclusions: Our study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the gene expression levels of the subject with different severity levels of HAND. Several genes that appear to play critical roles in the inflammatory response have been found, and they have an excellent potential to be used as biomarkers to detect HAND under further investigations.

Study of the antineoplastic effect of modulating apoptosis-related noncoding RNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2)

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Abdel Azeem Sherif ◽  
Emtiaz Abd-elkawy Ismail ◽  
Samar Kamal Kassim ◽  
Hanan Hussein Shehata ◽  
Marwa Ali Abdel Khalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hcc Cells ◽  
Liver Tissues

Abstract MiR-421 is considered an important molecule that can prevent tumor growth. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that mRNA caspase-3 gene is a target gene of miR-421. The current study aimed to explore the functional role of miR-421 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore the interaction between miR-421 and caspase-3. To validate bioinformatics data, RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-421 and caspase-3 in 10 HCC tissues. The results showed miR-421 expression was significantly higher in HCC than non HCC liver tissues (P&lt;0.01), nevertheless caspase-3 gene expression was markedly lower in HCC than non HCC liver tissues (P&lt;0.01). Besides, miR-421 expression was negatively associated with caspase-3 expression. MiR-421 mimic and inhibitor was transfected into HCC cell lines (HepG2). Proliferation assay, showed that low-expression of miR-421 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells. RT-qPCR was worked for detection the expression levels of miR-421 and caspase-3 in HepG2 cells before and after transfection. The results showed that miR-421 expression in HepG2 cells was significantly lower in miR-421 inhibitor transfected group than in mimic- transfected and control groups (Mock) (P≤ 0.05), and caspase-3 gene expression in HCC tissues was markedly higher in inhibitor transfected group than those transfected by mimic and control group (Mock) (P≤0.05). Thus, miR-421 inhibitor may inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells via over- expression of caspase-3.

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