scholarly journals Synergistic potential of propolis and vitamin e against sub-acute toxicity of AlCl(3) in albino mice: in vivo study

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sajjad ◽  
H. Malik ◽  
L. Saeed ◽  
I. Hashim ◽  
U. Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

Current study evaluated the synergistic potential of propolis and vitamin E against sub-acute toxicity of aluminum chloride on different biochemical parameters and liver histology. Swiss albino mice (n=42) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I received 0.2 ml of 0.9 % saline solution, Group II received Propolis (50 mg/kg b.w.), Group III received vitamin E (150 mg/kg b.w.), Group IV received AlCl(3) 50 mg/kg b.w., Group V received AlCl(3) + Propolis, Group VI received AlCl(3) + vitamin E and Group VII received AlCl(3) + propolis + vitamin E. Blood and tissue samples were collected after 7 and 21 days. The body weight of the animals significantly increased in all groups except Group IV. The concentration of serum high density lipoprotein significantly decreased in Group IV and increased in Group V, VI and VII. The level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein significantly increased in AlCl(3) treated group and increased in Group V, VI and VII. Tissue sections were processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Group II showed cellular necrosis. Group V, VI showed decreased number of vacuolization, sinusoidal spacing and macrophage cell infiltration. Group VI showed less degenerative changes in the third week. Vitamin E and propolis in combination with Al provides more protection against AlCl(3) induced toxicity.

scholarly journals Estimation of vitamin C human protective dose for acetaminophen toxicity, using acute animal toxicity study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudhaffar I. Al-Farras ◽  
Khalid K. Abdul-Razzak ◽  
Mohammed Yacoub ◽  
Wael M. Hananeh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of fulminant hepatic failure. Vitamin C is a natural antioxidant with protective potentials against APAP toxic damage. In this animal study, and after an LD50 determination and selection of suitable lethal dose, the investigation was done to select a proper protective dose of vitamin C against lethal APAP dose. All 6 animal groups received a lethal dose of APAP (3250 mg/kg), group II, III and IV received 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg vitamin C respectively, group V received 1200 mg/kg N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), and group VI receive 1000 mg/kg vitamin C and 1200 mg/kg NAC. Mortality was recorded and liver histopathology was carried out. The results showed, the mortality rate in the group I was 68.75% and 37.5%, 31.25% in group II and III respectively, while group IV Showed a higher mortality rate and in group V and VI it was 25%. There was also a gradual reduction in the grade of histopathological damage in all groups, ranging from 2.4 ± 0.55 in group I to 0.4 ± 0.55 in group V and VI. In conclusion, vitamin C showed an increasing reduction in mortality and more histopathological protection, and it was more significant at 1000 mg/kg. NAC adds no more protection or reduction in mortality. The estimated protective dose of vitamin C was 700 to1127 mg for each gram of APAP. Incorporation of this dose of vitamin C with APAP preparations may be considered as a promising method for reducing mortality or severity of APAP intoxication.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman Extract against Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abebe Dukessa Dubiwak ◽  
Tesaka Wondimnew Damtew ◽  
Mengistu Welde Senbetu ◽  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
Tsegaye Girma Asere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Group V ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the cumbersome health-related problems which render approximately 50% of liver failure and patients to receiving liver transplantation every year. Antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin are potentially rendering hepatotoxicity. Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is an herbaceous perennial plant that contributes to the indigenous ethnomedicinal values for the society. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on 30 Swiss albino mice randomly allocated into five groups. Group I, group II, group III, group IV, and group V were the groups in which mice were given distilled water, only isoniazid and rifampicin, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 200 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 400 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, and isoniazid and rifampicin along with silymarin per oral per day, respectively. On the 30th day of the experiment, mice were sacrificed after anesthetized, and blood was drawn for the liver function test, and the liver was also taken from each experimental mouse for histopathological evaluation. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 subsequently exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis by using one-way ANOVA. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) of group II mice were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) elevated as compared to group I. The group of mice treated with a corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman at a dose of 400 mg/kg (group IV) and silymarin100 mg/kg (group V) showed a significant ( p < 0.05 ) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL as compared to the group II. The liver section of group II showed a change in liver architecture; however, these deformities were not noticed in group IV mice. The result showed corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract has a very promising hepatoprotective potential against isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver injury.

scholarly journals Neutrophil impairment associated with iron therapy in hemodialysis patients with functional iron deficiency.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Patruta ◽  
R Edlinger ◽  
G Sunder-Plassmann ◽  
W H Hörl
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Absolute Iron Deficiency

Hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) need adequate iron supplementation to avoid rhEPO hyporesponsiveness due to iron deficiency. Low serum ferritin reflects absolute iron deficiency, whereas normal or high ferritin values in combination with low transferrin saturation (< 20%) indicate functional iron deficiency. In this study, healthy subjects (group I) were compared with intravenous (i.v.) rhEPO-treated and i.v. iron-saccharate-treated regular hemodialysis patients that were subdivided into three groups as follows: patients with serum ferritin > 100 and < 350 micrograms/L (group II), patients with ferritin < 60 micrograms/L (group III), and patients with ferritin > 650 micrograms/L but transferrin saturation < 20% (group IV). Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) parameters (phagocytosis, intracellular killing of bacteria, oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake, intracellular calcium) for each group were compared with those of multitransfused, iron-overloaded primary hematologic patients (group V) and those of patients suffering from hereditary hemochromatosis (group VI). Compared with PMNL obtained from healthy subjects (group I), group II hemodialysis patients showed mild inhibition of phagocytosis but significant inhibition of intracellular killing of bacteria. Oxidative burst of PMNL from group II patients was also significantly reduced after stimulation in vitro. These dysfunctions were not affected by absolute iron deficiency (comparable data in group III patients). However, impairment of PMNL was markedly aggravated in group IV patients. Intracellular calcium concentration under basal conditions and after stimulation was not different. These data suggest that iron is responsible for the PMNL dysfunctions observed in group IV patients. The PMNL defect of group IV patients was comparable to group V and group VI patients with normal renal function, suggesting again a direct inhibitory effect of iron. It is concluded that hemodialysis patients with high ferritin but low serum iron and low transferrin saturation ("functional iron deficiency") display a significant impairment of fundamental PMNL functions during i.v. iron and rhEPO therapy. This may result in increased risk of infectious complications. Therefore, overtreatment of hemodialysis patients with i.v. iron should be avoided.

Different Treatment Protocols of Retained Fetal Membranes and its Effect on Serum Profile, Uterine Involution and Postpartum Fertility in Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Shah ◽  
D. M. Patel ◽  
N. P. Sarvaiya ◽  
S. P. Madhira
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Group V ◽  
Manual Removal ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Group I ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Postpartum Estrus

This study was undertaken on 36 freshly calved cows randomly divided into 6 equal groups under field conditions. Cows of group-VI that shed placenta within 8-12 hours postpartum naturally served as healthy control. The cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM, n = 18) for more than 12 hrs were managed either by manual removal of placenta without antibiotics (group-I), parenteral antibiotic (Ceftiofur 1 g i/m) for three consecutive days (group-II) or a combination of both (group-III). In group-IV and group-V, cows were administered with Inj. Oxytocin @ 50 IU i/m and Inj. Dinoprost tromethamine (PGF2α) @ 25 mg i/m, respectively, immediately after parturition and time of placental shedding was recorded. The overall prevalence of Brucellosis by RBPT was found to be 5.55 % amongst these 36 animals. The placental expulsion in groups following medicinal treatment was found to be 50 (3/6) % in Ceftiofur alone by 3 days (group-II), and 66.67 (4/6) % in Oxytocin (group-IV) and 100 (6/6) % in PGF2α inj. (group-V) groups within 12 hrs. The time of uterine involution in groups I to VI was found to be 42.00 ± 1.94, 39.50 ± 0.99, 40.67 ± 1.39, 38.33 ± 1.55, 37.50 ± 1.02 and 37.33 ± 1.76 days, respectively, while the interval for the appearance of first postpartum estrus was 54.83 ± 2.06, 51.00 ± 1.05, 52.17 ± 1.96, 50.17 ± 2.03, 48.67 ± 1.90 and 49.17 ± 1.55 days, respectively, which did not vary statistically. The mean serum progesterone profile obtained on day 0 and day 21 postpartum was statistically non-significant between groups. However, it was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower on day 0 as compared to day 21 in group-I, II and VI. The levels on day 0 coincided with the time of blood sampling after calving. The high level of serum P4 on day 0 in group-IV and V could be due to sampling immediately after calving. The serum calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly(p less than 0.05) lower on day 0 than on day 21, but not the magnesium. The group effect was however non-significant for any of three minerals. It was observed that manual removal of RFM without parenteral antibiotics, resulted in puerperal metritis, cervicitis, pyometra which ultimately resulted into delayed uterine involution, delayed first postpartum estrus and thus, reduced the postpartum reproductive efficiency. It was inferred that the PGF2α and Oxytocin injections could be used as a treatment of choice for prevention of RFMs in cattle.

Effect of amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans: a dose-response study

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F703-F708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giordano ◽  
P. Castellino ◽  
E. L. McConnell ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Group Ii

We evaluated the dose-response relationship between the plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and renal hemodynamics in eight normal subjects. After an overnight fast, a balanced 10% AA solution was infused for 180 min at five separate infusion rates: 0.5 (group I), 1.0 (group II), 2.0 (group III), 4.0 (group IV), and 6.0 (group V) ml.kg-1.min-1 on separate days. Basal plasma AA concentration was 1.87 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and increased to 2.26 +/- 0.1 (group I), 2.66 +/- 0.2 (group II), 3.79 +/- 0.5 (group III), 5.81 +/- 0.4 (group IV), and 7.41 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (group V). Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 95 +/- 4 and 476 +/- 29 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1, respectively, and rose to 98 +/- 5 and 506 +/- 40 (group I) [P = not significant (NS)], 102 +/- 3 and 533 +/- 30 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 110 +/- 4 and 567 +/- 29 (group III), 115 +/- 7 and 610 +/- 55 (group IV), and 117 +/- 7 and 614 +/- 66 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1 (group V) (P = NS vs. group IV). Basal plasma glucagon concentration averaged 68 +/- 10 pg/ml and increased to 74 +/- 10 (group I), 83 +/- 11 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 100 +/- 14 (group III), 121 +/- 14 (group IV), and 229 +/- 35 pg/ml (group V) (P < 0.01 vs. basal). Increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were observed only during groups IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of a Diet Composed of Genetically Modified Feed Components on the Selected Immune Parameters in Pigs, Cattle, and Poultry

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bednarek ◽  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiatek ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxin Protein ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the immune effects of genetically modified (GM), insect resistant corn (MON810) expressing toxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, and glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal (Roundup Ready MON-40-30-2), which are used as the feed mixture components in domestic animals. The study was conducted on 60 pigs (36 fatteners and 24 sows), 20 calves, 40 broilers, and 40 laying hens. Each species was divided into four basic nutritional groups: group I (control) - conventional feed, group II - feed consisted of GM soybean meal and non-modified corn, group III - non-modified soybean meal and GM corn, group IV - GM soybean meal and GM corn. Moreover, in the experiment on fatteners two additional groups were formed: group V - animals fed both conventional soybean meal and bruised grain, and group VI - GM soybean meal and conventional bruised grain. The results of study did not reveal any significant effect of feed mixtures containing GM components on the immune response in all animals regardless of their species and technological producing groups.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

Evidence for the role of PO4 deficiency in antihypertensive action of a high-Ca diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. H324-H331 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lau ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
B. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Volume Contraction ◽  
Antihypertensive Action ◽  
Group I ◽  
Salutary Effect

Previous studies indicated a salutary effect of a high-Ca diet on high blood pressure (BP). The mechanism, however, is obscure. With balance and clearance techniques, the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH), volume contraction, hypercalcemia, and PO4 deficiency was evaluated in female spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). The antihypertensive effects of a high (4.3%) Ca diet in intact animals (groups I and II) could be reproduced in both 9- and 22-wk-old chronic stable parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats (groups III and IV), when compared with a low (0.22%) or normal (1.2%) CA diet. In both short (7 days) and long (12 wk) term exposure to the high-Ca diet, evidence for volume contraction could not be documented despite hypercalcemia sustained through the 12th wk (10.8 vs. 9.7 mg/100 ml, group I control, P less than 0.02). When produced by ip injections, chronic hypercalcemia of similar magnitudes as oral Ca supplements failed to reduce BP in either intact (group VI) or PTX (group IV) rats. Rats in group IV fed the high-Ca diet displayed marked hypophosphatemia (3.2 vs. 6.9 mg/100 ml), hypophosphaturia (0.15 vs. 15 mg/day), hypermagnesiuria (11 vs. 7.7 mg/day), and drastically reduced net intestinal PO4 absorption (13.3 +/- 7.5 vs. 66.8 +/- 7.5 mg/day) compared with rats fed 1.2% Ca diet. To test the PO4-deficiency hypothesis, additional SHR (group V) were fed either 1.2% Ca diet and injected ip with NaCl or fed 4.3% Ca diet, with half of these animals injected with neutral NaPO4 and half with NaCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Chemoprevention with green propolis green propolis extracted in L-lysine versus carcinogenesis promotion with L-lysine in N-Butyl-N-[4-hydroxybutyl] nitrosamine (BBN) induced rat bladder cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceição Aparecida Dornelas ◽  
Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine-Jamacaru ◽  
Irineu Lima Albuquerque ◽  
Hemerson Iury Ferreira Magalhães ◽  
Adjair Jairo Silva de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Viii ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Induction Group ◽  
Rat Bladder ◽  
Bladder Carcinogenesis ◽  
Group I

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of green propolis extracted in L-lysine (WSDP) and of L- lysine for 40 weeks on induced rat bladder carcinogenesis. METHODS: The animals (groups I, II, III, IV, V and VI) received BBN during 14 weeks. Group I was treated with propolis 30 days prior received BBN, and then these animals were treated daily with propolis; Groups II and III was treated with subcutaneous and oral propolis (respectively) concurrently with BBN. The animals of Group IV were treated L-lysine; Group V received water subcutaneous; and Group VI received only to BBN. Among the animals not submitted to carcinogenesis induction, Group VII received propolis, Group VIII received L-lysine and Group IX received water. RESULTS: The carcinoma incidence in Group I was lower than that of control (Group VI). The carcinoma multiplicity in Group IV was greater than in Group VI. All animals treated with L-lysine developed carcinomas, and they were also more invasive in Group IV than in controls. On the other hand, Group VIII showed no bladder lesions. CONCLUSION: The WSDP is chemopreventive against rat bladder carcinogenesis, if administered 30 days prior to BBN , and that L-lysine causes promotion of bladder carcinogenesis.

Tissue Expression of TNF-alpha and IL-18 by Real Time PCR in Initiated Atherosclerosis in Wistar Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Srinivasa Naik ◽  
Ch. Srilatha ◽  
K. Sujatha ◽  
B. Sreedevi ◽  
TNVKV Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Atherosclerosis is diverse disease with heterogenous mechanisms of progression and is an oxidative, chronic inflammatory and thrombotic disease produced by elevated level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. Initiation of atherosclerosis begins with the production of various inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules on the endothelium of the large muscular arteries like aorta. The present study was carried out to know the expression of TNF-Alpha and IL-18 by real time PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). Methods: Procured 24 Wistar albino rats and divided into two groups consisting of 12 rats in each. Atherosclerosis was induced by addition of 1% cholesterol and 15% saturated oil to the 1000g of standard rat diet and given to group II rats. Group I kept as control and maintained for 90 days. Result: Group II rats clinically showed obesity with significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the body weight. TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher, whereas HDL-C was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced. Atherogenic diet induced the initiation of atherosclerosis in the aorta with degeneration of endothelial cells, sub intimal lipid laden macrophages (foam cells), slight thickening of the tunica intima with proliferation of few SMCs in group I rats. Present study revealed positive expression of TNF- alpha and no expression of IL-18 cytokine in the aorta of group II rats by RT-PCR.

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