scholarly journals The anti-obesity and health-promoting effects of tea and coffee

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
AV Sirotkin ◽  
A Kolesarova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Storage ◽  
Coffee Arabica ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Food Absorption ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

This paper reviews provenance, chemical composition and properties of tea (Camelia sinensis L.) and coffee (Coffee arabica, L. and Coffea caniphora, L.), their general health effects, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning their action on fat storage, physiological mechanisms of their effects, as well as their safety and recommended dosage for treatment of obesity. Both tea and coffee possess the ability to promote health and to prevent, to mitigate and to treat numerous disorders. This ability can be partially due to presence of caffeine in both plants. Further physiological and medicinal effects could be explained by other molecules (theaflavins, catechins, their metabolites and polyphenols in tea and polyphenol chlorogenic acid in coffee). These plants and plant molecules can be efficient for prevention and treatment of numerous metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Both plants and their constituents can reduce fat storage through suppression of adipocyte functions, and support of gut microbiota. In addition, tea can prevent obesity via reduction of appetite, food consumption and food absorption in gastrointestinal system and through the changes in fat metabolism.

scholarly journals The Landscape of microRNAs in βCell: Between Phenotype Maintenance and Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco ◽  
Noemi Brusco ◽  
Giada Licata ◽  
Daniela Fignani ◽  
Caterina Formichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Shed Light

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia mainly due to pancreatic β cell death and/or dysfunction, caused by several types of stress such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and inflammation. Different patho-physiological mechanisms driving β cell response to these stresses are tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of negative regulators of gene expression, involved in pathogenic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and in its complications. In this review, we aim to shed light on the most important miRNAs regulating the maintenance and the robustness of β cell identity, as well as on those miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the two main forms of diabetes mellitus, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we acknowledge that the understanding of miRNAs-regulated molecular mechanisms is fundamental in order to develop specific and effective strategies based on miRNAs as therapeutic targets, employing innovative molecules.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Thread Sewing Together Alzheimer’s Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Rigotto ◽  
Emy Basso
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽  
Mitochondrial Alterations ◽  
Multiple Genes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Metabolic disorders are severe and chronic impairments of the health of many people and represent a challenge for the society as a whole that has to deal with an ever-increasing number of affected individuals. Among common metabolic disorders are Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These disorders do not have a univocal genetic cause but rather can result from the interaction of multiple genes, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Mitochondrial alterations have emerged as a feature common to all these disorders, underlining perhaps an impaired coordination between cellular needs and mitochondrial responses that could contribute to their development and/or progression.

scholarly journals Medicines for the Treatment of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3866
Author(s):  
Soon Shik Shin ◽  
Michung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The U.S

Obesity is the result of an energy imbalance caused by an increased ratio of caloric intake to energy expenditure. In conjunction with obesity, related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension, have become global health problems [1]. Reducing body weight by lifestyle modification is recommended, but drug intervention is necessary for morbidly obese individuals. Four drug therapies, including orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion, phentermine/topiramate and liraglutide, were approved for long-term use by the U.S. [...]

scholarly journals Effects of bariatric surgery on the level of hormones that regulate body weight. What is the basis of success?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Yur'evna Babenko ◽  
Aleksandr Evgen'evich Neymark ◽  
Kristina Aleksandrovna Anisimova ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Nikolaevna Grineva Elena Nikolaevna
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Regulate Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The growth of obesity and type 2 diabetes incidence has made bariatric surgery a widespread method of treatment. The effectiveness of bariatricoperations in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases is thoroughly highlighted in medical literature. However, the resultsof surgery do not always correlate with type of operation. As before, the mechanisms have not been fully studied of how the bariatric surgeryinfluence on insulinresistance, entero-insulin axes, adipokines. Understanding such mechanisms will allow us to determine more precisely theindications relating to surgical treatment, and enhance the effectiveness of surgery in specific patient. The review is focusing on the influence ofvarious types of bariatric surgery on the level of adipokines and incretines that participate in regulation of appetite and of fat and carbohydratemetabolism. The article elaborates modern concepts related to the impact of bariatric operations on metabolic disorders in obesity.

scholarly journals Could apple cider vinegar be used for health improvement and weight loss?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 014-016
Author(s):  
Sirotkin Alexander V
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
General Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

This non-systematic review outlines the current knowledge concerning provenance, chemical composition and properties of apple cider vinegar, its general health effects, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning its action on fat storage, physiological mechanisms of its effects, as well as its safety and recommended dosage for treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Luminal Chemosensory Cells in the Small Intestine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3712
Author(s):  
Andreanna Burman ◽  
Izumi Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Organ Model ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

In addition to the small intestine’s well-known function of nutrient absorption, the small intestine also plays a major role in nutrient sensing. Similar to taste sensors seen on the tongue, GPCR-coupled nutrient sensors are expressed throughout the intestinal epithelium and respond to nutrients found in the lumen. These taste receptors respond to specific ligands, such as digested carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The activation of nutrient sensors in the intestine allows for the induction of signaling pathways needed for the digestive system to process an influx of nutrients. Such processes include those related to glucose homeostasis and satiety. Defects in intestinal nutrient sensing have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we review recent updates in the mechanisms related to intestinal nutrient sensors, particularly in enteroendocrine cells, and their pathological roles in disease. Additionally, we highlight the emerging nutrient sensing role of tuft cells and recent work using enteroids as a sensory organ model.

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