scholarly journals Revisión de electroencefalografía portable y su aplicabilidad en neurociencias.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Sara Rios-Arismendy ◽  
John Fredy Ochoa-Gómez ◽  
Carolina Serna-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Brain

La electroencefalografía (EEG) es una técnica que permite registrar la actividad eléctrica del cerebro y ha sido estudiada durante los últimos cien años en diferentes ámbitos de la neurociencia. En los últimos años se ha investigado y desarrollado equipos de medición que sean portables y que permitan una buena calidad de la señal, por lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las compañías fabricantes de algunos dispositivos de electroencefalografía portable disponibles en el mercado, se exponen sus características principales, algunos trabajos encontrados que fueron realizados con los dispositivos, comparaciones entre los mismos y una discusión acerca de las ventajas y desventajas de sus características. Finalmente se concluye que a la hora de comprar un dispositivo para electroencefalografía portable es necesario tener en cuenta el uso que se le va a dar y el costo-beneficio que tiene el equipo de acuerdo con sus características. Encephalography is a technique that allows the recording of electrical activity of the brain and has been studied during the last hundred years in different areas of neuroscience. For several years, measuring equipment that are portable and that allow a good signal quality to have been researched and developed, so a literature review of the manufacturing companies of some of portable electroencephalography devices available on the market was carried out: Its main features are exposed, as well as some of the work found that were made with those, comparisons between them and a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of their features. It is concluded that, when a portable encephalography device is bought, it’s necessary to take into consideration the use that it will be having and the cost-benefit that the device has according to its features.

scholarly journals Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hadyme Miyague ◽  
Fernando Marum Mauad ◽  
Wellington de Paula Martins ◽  
Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

scholarly journals ABSENTEÍSMO: análise através do custo-efetividade

Revista Foco ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodney Ferreira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Este artigo objetivou identificar por meio de indicadores, o custo-efetividade entre um absenteísmo organizacional existente e a medida adotada para superá-lo. Para a realização deste estudo, optou-se pela técnica metodológica da pesquisa bibliográfica, fundada na revisão de literatura. Com base nos textos selecionados e estudados. O resultado da pesquisa permitiu observar que tanto o atraso e a falta do trabalhador, por motivos intervenientes quanto às alternativas de superação adotadas, incorrem em custos para a empresa, necessitando, portanto, que o setor de finanças, analise e calcule o custo efetividade entre o absenteísmo existente e a medida de superação utilizada, para então identificar o custo-benefício e decidir pela alternativa mais adequada. Nesse aspecto, pôde-se concluir que a diferença entre o custo do absenteísmo e do custo da alternativa adotada, representará o custo-efetividade dos indicadores. Resta, portanto, analisar o custo-benefício de cada alternativa adotada em relação ao custo do absenteísmo, verificando a medida mais adequada a ser tomada. This article aimed to identify, through indicators, the cost-effectiveness between an existing organizational absenteeism and the measure adopted to overcome it. For the accomplishment of this study, we opted for the methodological technique of bibliographical research, based on literature review, based on selected and studied texts. The result of the research allowed to observe that both the delay and the absences of the worker to work, due to intervening reasons and the adopted alternatives of overcoming, incur costs for the company, thus requiring that the finance sector analyzes and calculates the cost Effectiveness between existing absenteeism and the overcoming measure used, to identify the cost-benefit and decide on the most appropriate alternative. Thus, in this respect, it can be concluded that the difference between the cost of absenteeism and the cost of the alternative adopted will represent the cost-effectiveness of the indicator (s). It remains to analyze the cost-benefit of each alternative adopted in relation to the cost of absenteeism, verifying the most appropriate measure to be taken.

scholarly journals 12 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency: literature review and results transferability

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e4-e5
Author(s):  
Nargiz Mugarab-Samedi ◽  
Veronica Mugarab-Samedi ◽  
Kayla Parker ◽  
Luis Murguia Favela
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency ◽  
Combined Immune Deficiency ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background The purpose of screening for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) is to enable timely diagnosis and treatment for this condition. Untreated SCID is uniformly fatal by 2 years of age. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for SCID, and the success rate depends on the age at which it is performed. Earlier treatment improves survival, long term quality of life and decreases costs of treating patients, specifically by shortening hospitalization days. Screening, however, carries short-term implementation costs, that could potentially be a barrier to adding SCID to the newborn screening (NBS) panels. Objectives This literature review aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NBS for SCID and perform basic economic analysis review on available published sources. We also assessed the published results and clinical inputs for transferability between different centers. Design/Methods We conducted a systematic search of medical electronic databases: Google Scholar, Ovid, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index and Evidence-Based Medicine and hand searched related references. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA-2009) statement to report the findings. We extracted the details of individual study characteristics from each publication, assessed study quality, evaluated the effect sizes and assessed the influence of study design on the estimated effect size. The presence of small effect sizes was investigated using Funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Search terms included: newborn, SCID, newborn screening, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, medical costs, the value of a statistical life, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) We included cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals, data from regional/national surveys. Results 298 records identified through database searching, 192 records removed. A total of 106 articles were found to be eligible for screening, 72 sources were excluded after abstracts review. Forty-four full -text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 14 were excluded (lack of relevance, misleading abstract). Thirty articles were included in the final literature review. We were looking for Level I evidence studies as a high-quality randomized trial or prospective study, sensible costs and alternatives, values obtained from many studies with multiway sensitivity analyses, a systematic review of Level I RCTs and Level I studies. A comparative economic analysis was performed on reviewed sources to determine the average cost-benefit of NBS for SCID among different centers. We used standard conversion to calculate total health costs and charges in US dollars. An average cost of screening for SCID per sample varies between 3.0 -6.0 US$, and at present, there are no known missed cases in SCID NBS programs. The average cost of treatment and QALY were the most common variables used in all reviewed sources and presented in Table 1. Charges for hospital care were more than 5 times higher for late-diagnosed cases of SCID compare to the early diagnosed cases (within the first 2 months of life). These results found to be none-specific to the particular countries, and have high potential transferability among different centers. Conclusion Our literature review analysis supports the cost-effectiveness of NBS for SCID. The opportunity of early treatment is a strong economic rationale for the addition of SCID screening to NBS programs.

scholarly journals Methanol and Ethanol as Alternative Fuels for Shipping

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Radoslav Radonja ◽  
Dragan Bebić ◽  
Darko Glujić
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Cost

Over the past decade regulatory emission control has been adopted and even stricter emission reductions are being considered. In order to comply with the present and future regulations the ship owners and engine manufacturers are facing a difficult task. The shipping industry is presently offering multiple choices such as scrubbers and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), dual fuel engines, Liquefied Natural Gas / Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LNG/LPG) powered engines, and lately the introduction of methanol and ethanol as alternative fuels. This work presents a short overview of the possible use of methanol and ethanol as lternative fuels in shipping. The first part of this work deals with physical properties of methanol and ethanol, production and availability, as well as advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other fuels. In the second part the cost perspective is presented together with the cost-benefit analysis, which is the most important aspect in the ship owner’s decision whether to invest into the new alternative. Methanol and ethanol are not magical solutions, but rather another alternative which, from the cost perspective, offers a potential under certain circumstances. These circumstances are competitive prices in comparison to Marine Gas Oil (MGO) and time spent in Emission Control Area (ECA) which should be a large portion of the total sailing time. In this paper the scientific methodology was followed by using the method of compilation, the descriptive and the comparative methods.

Cellulose Acetate Lamination: A Literature Review and Survey of Paper-Based Collections in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly McGath ◽  
Sonja Jordan-Mowery ◽  
Mark Pollei ◽  
Steven Heslip ◽  
John Baty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Cellulose Diacetate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractCellulose acetate (CA) lamination, a technique to strengthen documents by sealing them between sheets of thermoplastic film, was widespread from the 1930s to the 1990s. Its use gradually stopped in the 1980s amid concerns about the physical and chemical instability of the laminate and the degradation risks posed to the treated document. Despite concerns about CA lamination, no coordinated effort has taken place to establish the various materials and techniques used in cellulose acetate laminations or to determine the number and present condition of CA laminated documents in US collections. In this paper, we review the chemistry and methods used in CA lamination. We then report results of a survey of 52 US institutions with significant laminated collections. We find that at least 2.9 million laminated documents exist in US collections, and most of those documents are observed to be in stable condition. A majority of the institutions used cellulose diacetate (CDA) as the laminating film and as few as 0.6% CDA laminated documents have been delaminated. The results should aid institutions in determining the cost benefit in the management of these significant collections.

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Ship Automation Retrofit: The Case of Icebreaker Frej

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Lyridis ◽  
H. N. Psaraftis ◽  
N. Ventikos ◽  
P. Zacharioudakis ◽  
K. Dilzas
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Cost

A detailed cost-benefit analysis of a retrofit of the Advanced Technology to Optimise Maritime Operational Safety (ATOMOS) platform on board icebreaker Frej is presented. After accurately determining the relationship between the costs and benefits, an analysis is implemented in order to assess the most basic advantages and disadvantages of the suggested retrofitting action in monetary terms. A two-step approach is adopted. The first step is to define the major categories of the ship operational aggregate costs and benefits (for example, the actual cost of the ATOMOS platform and of equipment not part of the ATOMOS platform but still necessary for its installation and operation, or the expected crew decrease because of the higher degree of automation). The second step is to examine the various basic components of these categories (for example, administration and training cost, required automatic radar plotting aid [ARPA] and electronic chart display and information system [ECDIS] equipment acquisition cost, fuel benefits, and insurance benefits). The cost-benefit analysis performed is followed by a sensitivity analysis of the most important factors affecting the net present value of the investment. It is shown that it takes about 5 years for the ATOMOS retrofit to be fully paid back by the annual savings it offers and it takes about 6.5 years for the net present value of the investment to turn positive. This coupled by the increased vessel safety justifies the decision to retrofit Frej with the ATOMOS platform. Furthermore, it is found that the cost of the ATOMOS platform, the benefits from crew decrease, and the interest rate are those factors that essentially determine the profitability of the investment. In the case of Frej, it is concluded that the retrofit is worth undertaking for the majority of future scenarios.

Fit Vs Faint: Assessing Work Causation in “Idiopathic Fall” Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Lorne Direnfeld ◽  
David B. Torrey ◽  
Jim Black ◽  
LuAnn Haley ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Medical Causation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Current Science

Abstract When an individual falls due to a nonwork-related episode of dizziness, hits their head and sustains injury, do workers’ compensation laws consider such injuries to be compensable? Bearing in mind that each state makes its own laws, the answer depends on what caused the loss of consciousness, and the second asks specifically what happened in the fall that caused the injury? The first question speaks to medical causation, which applies scientific analysis to determine the cause of the problem. The second question addresses legal causation: Under what factual circumstances are injuries of this type potentially covered under the law? Much nuance attends this analysis. The authors discuss idiopathic falls, which in this context means “unique to the individual” as opposed to “of unknown cause,” which is the familiar medical terminology. The article presents three detailed case studies that describe falls that had their genesis in episodes of loss of consciousness, followed by analyses by lawyer or judge authors who address the issue of compensability, including three scenarios from Arizona, California, and Pennsylvania. A medical (scientific) analysis must be thorough and must determine the facts regarding the fall and what occurred: Was the fall due to a fit (eg, a seizure with loss of consciousness attributable to anormal brain electrical activity) or a faint (eg, loss of consciousness attributable to a decrease in blood flow to the brain? The evaluator should be able to fully explain the basis for the conclusions, including references to current science.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

Main approaches to estimating the cost of shareholder equity of oil and gas producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697
Author(s):  
O.V. Shimko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The study analyzes generally accepted approaches to assessing the value of companies on the basis of financial statement data of ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and others, for 1999—2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the specifics of using the methods of cost, DFC, and comparative approaches to assessing the value of share capital of oil and gas companies. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and generalization of materials of scientific articles and official annual reports on the results of financial and economic activities of the largest public oil and gas corporations. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, I identified advantages and disadvantages of standard approaches to assessing the value of oil and gas producers. Conclusions. The paper describes pros and cons of the said approaches. For instance, the cost approach is acceptable for assessing the minimum cost of small companies in the industry. The DFC-based approach complicates the reliability of medium-term forecasts for oil prices due to fluctuations in oil prices inherent in the industry, on which the net profit and free cash flow of companies depend to a large extent. The comparative approach enables to quickly determine the range of possible value of the corporation based on transactions data and current market situation.

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