EFFECT OF CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH OF PASTURE SPECIES

1954 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
K.J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In considering the relationship of light and temperature to the growth of grasses and clovers it is important to know the actual conditions around individual plants in a pasture. Without that information the resuits of detailed experiments in glasshouse or laboratory conditions cannot be interpreted. For light intensity little comment is needed. It is well known that considerable shading occurs within a long pasture. Shorter plants are overshadowed by tall ones, but even for those taller plants a large proportion of their leaf tissue can be in dense shade. Consequently they will also assume a pattern of growth characteristic of shaded plants.

Characteristics of merging behavior in large crowds

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 013403
Author(s):  
Liping Lian ◽  
Xu Mai ◽  
Weiguo Song ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Kwok Kit Richard Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Merging Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Merging pedestrian flow can be observed often at public intersections and locations where two or more channels merge. Because of restrictions on the flow, pedestrian congestion, or even crowd disasters (e.g. Hajj crush 2015) happen easily at these junctions. However, studies on merging behaviors in large crowds remain rare. This paper investigates the merging characteristics of the pedestrian flow with controlled experiments under laboratory conditions. The formation of lanes is observed, and the lane separation width can vary for different density levels. Shannon entropy is used to analyze the utilization of the passage. The space usage in the merging area is most efficient when the width of the two branches is half that of the main corridor. Furthermore, the branch and main channel can mutually bottleneck each other in the large crowds and the flowrates for the upstream, downstream and branches are investigated. This study uses spatiotemporal diagrams to explore the clogging propagation of the merging flow as well as the relationship of the velocity and position. The results can be used as references for the design of public infrastructure and human safety management.

STUDI AWAL RANCANG BANGUN COLORIMETER MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR OPT101 BERBASIS SISTEM ANDROID DENGAN DISPLAY SMARTPHONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Habibi Putra ◽  
Yulkifli Yulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Light Detector ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Colorimeter is a color measuring device that is a tool that can distinguish colors based on the value of the output produced. In this study a colorimeter device was made using the OPT101 sensor, an analog sensor based light detector. OPT101 sensor has characteristics if the intensity of light received is getting brighter, the greater the sensor output value and vice versa. Because of the characteristics of the sensor like that, this sensor can be used as a measuring instrument to determine the concentration of a food coloring agent. This study aims to look at investigating the relationship between the concentration value of a dye solution to the OPT101 sensor response value contained in the colorimeter tool. The dyes used are red (metile red) and blue (brilliant blue) with 10 different variations of concentration, with a range of 0.01% -0.1%. After the measurement experiments were carried out on the sample, the results obtained were almost the same as the theory, namely the relationship between the concentration value was inversely proportional to the value of the sensor output. The inverse relationship means that the more concentrated a dye solution is, the more the light intensity penetrates the substance or dims. So that the OPT101 sensor detects a dimmer light source, the sensor output value gets smaller, because the relationship of the sensor output value is directly proportional to the intensity of the received light. Based on the measurements that have been made, the results of sensor response values are obtained for the red sample with a range of data from 276,698 decreasing to 240,762, while for the blue sample from the range 9,828 it decreases to 8.75. The value for the blue sample is much smaller because the blue sample is much thicker than the red sample.

scholarly journals (123) Correlation between Tissue and Substrate Silicon Content of Greenhouse-produced Helianthus annuus `Ring of Fire'

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085A-1085
Author(s):  
Sophia Kamenidou ◽  
Todd Cavins
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element to many agricultural crops. We found improved horticultural traits in our preliminary Si supplementation research on floricultural greenhouse crops produced in soilless substrates. The objective of this study was to establish optimum Si rates based on previous results and investigate the relationship of Si tissue and substrate content. Potassium silicate (KSiO3) weekly drenches (0, 50, 100, 150 mg·L-1 SiO2), media-incorporated KSiO3 flakes (0, 280, 400, 520 g·m-3 SiO2), and ashed rice hulls (0, 200, 270, 360 g·m-3 SiO2) were provided to Helianthusannuus`Ring of Fire'. Leaf, stem, and flower tissues as well as soilless substrate samples were collected for Si analysis. Several Si treatments resulted in plants with increased flower and stem diameter compared to untreated controls (P ≤ 0.05). Weekly drenches with KSiO3 (150 mg·L-1 SiO2), KSiO3 flakes (280 g·m-3 SiO2), and ashed rice hulls (360 g·m-3 SiO2) were the most efficient treatments based on the increased quality characteristics. Leaf tissue had the highest Si content, followed by flower, then stem tissue. Correlation analysis indicated that leaf and flower Si content was positively correlated with saturated media extract substrate samples (correlation coefficients r= 0.75 and 0.63, respectively).

scholarly journals Изучение взаимосвязи главных напряжений при разрушении морского льда

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Mamontov ◽  
M.V. Kitaev ◽  
O.E. Surov ◽  
V.V. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Lateral Compression ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Статья посвящена исследованию прочности морского льда. Методом исследования является сброс треугольного индентора (треугольный стальной клин) на поверхность морского льда, предварительно очищенную от верхнего слоя. Для измерения давления, потенциальная энергия индентора до сброса вычисляется расчетным способом, а глубина отпечатка после падения измеряется экспериментально. Экспериментальные данные собирались в разные годы. Температура льда во время проведения экспериментов была различной. В 2018г температура льда была -5С. В 2019 году температура льда была -1С. Сброс индентора производился с разных высот. В результате эксперимента установлена взаимосвязь главных напряжений. При небольшом боковом сжатии льда, давление при котором лед разрушается существенно возрастает. Особенностью этой работы является то, что эксперимент проводился в естественных условиях в одной из бухт г.Владивостока на расстоянии 200 метров от береговой линии, сброс индентора производился на очищенный морской лед. Этот метод исследования проще, чем сжатие образцов льда в лабораторных условиях, так как в последнем случае требуется специальное оборудование и трудоемкая организация проведения опытов.The article is devoted to the study of the strength of sea ice. The research method is the discharge of a triangular indenter (triangular steel wedge) onto the surface of sea ice, previously cleaned from the upper layer. To measure the pressure, the potential energy of the indenter before discharge is calculated, and the imprint depth after falling is measured experimentally. Experimental data were collected in different years. The temperature of the ice during the experiments was different. In 2018, the ice temperature was -5 С. In 2019, the ice temperature was -1 C. The indenter was reset from different heights. As a result of the experiment, the relationship of the main stresses was established. With a small lateral compression of ice, the pressure at which the ice is destroyed increases significantly. A feature of this work is that the experiment was conducted under natural conditions in one of the bays of Vladivostok at a distance of 200 meters from the coastline, the indenter was discharged onto purified sea ice. This research method is simpler than compressing ice samples under laboratory conditions, since in the latter case special equipment and labor-intensive organization of experiments are required.

Accumulation of Sorbitol and Glucose by Leaf Slices of Rosaceae

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Bieleski
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Active Transport Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Pool ◽  
Tissue Aging ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Pear (Pyrus domestica Medik.) leaf slices, which form sorbitol photosynthetically, took up sorbitol from solution by an active transport mechanism. Uptake was linear with time, was sensitive to metabolic inhibitors and cold, occurred against a concentration gradient, and was not reversed by washing the tissue. Glucose uptake was similar to sorbitol uptake, but showed consistent differences in response to tissue aging, sugar concentration, light, and to competing sugars and sugar analogues. There was little competition between sorbitol and glucose, suggesting that the two may be taken up by separate mechanisms. The relationship of uptake to concentration could be interpreted as biphasic with constants resembling those for sugar uptake in other tissues: for sorbitol, (a) Km 3 × 10-3M and Vmax 1000 nmol per g fresh wt per h, (b) Km 1 × 10-1 M, Vmax 19 500; and for glucose, (a) Km 1 × 10-3 M and Vmax 600, (b) Km 0.6 × 10-1 M and Vmax 10 500. The ability of various species to accumulate sorbitol was compared. Species which normally contain sorbitol accumulated it as readily as glucose, while other species accumulated it much less rapidly. In pear leaf tissue, sorbitol was poorly metabolized while glucose was largely converted to sorbitol. In rose (Rosa sp., cultivated) leaf tissue (which does not contain sorbitol), sorbitol and glucose were both extensively metabolized to sucrose and other compounds. In pear, sorbitol may be segregated into a non-metabolic pool, thus serving as a specific storage compound in place of sucrose as in other plants.

scholarly journals Morfometri Portunus pelagicus, Linnaeus, 1758 (Malacostraca : Portunidae) dari Perairan Jobokuto, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Yuftah Rizkasumarta ◽  
Adi Santoso ◽  
Endang Sri Susilo
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
A Value ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, tetapi keberadaannya secara alami berhadapan dengan tingkat penangkapan yang semakin meningkat. Pesatnya perkembangan perusahaan eksportir rajungan dengan bahan baku yang bersumber dari hasil tangkapan nelayan, mengakibatkan sangat banyaknya nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan. Penangkapan rajungan dengan frekuensi tinggi dan terus-menerus tanpa memperhatikan ukuran serta kondisi rajungan, berpotensi mengurangi stok rajungan di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran, serta hubungan lebar karapas dengan berat rajungan yang didaratkan dari perairan Jobokuto, Jepara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, dari 1500 rajungan yang diamati diketahui bahwa distribusi lebar karapas berkisar 10,50-11,30 cm, dan berat berkisar  75-104 gram. Hubungan lebar karapas dengan  berat rajungan menghasilkan nilai b sebesar 1,68 untuk rajungan jantan dan 2,80 untuk rajungan betina, sehingga baik rajungan jantan maupun betina pertumbuhannya bersifat allometrik negatif. Sifat pertumbuhan ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan lebar karapas lebih cepat dibandingkan pertumbuhan berat rajungan. Persentase penggunaan alat tangkap oleh nelayan rajungan Jepara adalah Bubu (91%), dan Jaring (9%).The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) has a high economic value, but its existence is naturally faced with increasing fishing rates. The rapid development of crab exporters with raw materials sourced from fishermen's catches has resulted in very many fishers making arrests. Catching the crab with high frequency and continuously without regard to the size and condition of the crab has the potential to reduce the crab stock in the waters. This research aimed to determine the size distribution, as well as the relationship of carapace width to the weight of the crab,  landed from the seas of Jobokuto, Jepara. The results of this study indicated that of the 1500 crabs observed, the distribution of carapace width ranged from 10.50 to 11.30 cm, and the weight ranged from 75 to 104 grams. The relationship between carapace width and crab weight had a value of b of 1.68 for male crabs and 2.80 for female crabs so that both male and female crabs have negative allometric growth. This growth characteristic showed that carapace width growth is faster than the growth of crab weight. The percentage of fishing gear used by Jepara crab fishermen is Bubu (91%), and Net (9%).

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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