scholarly journals Farm forestry for economic and environmental sustainability - A new decision support system for farm foresters

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
M.M. Halliday ◽  
R.L. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The objective of this programme is to provide farm foresters and others with knowledge about sustainable and profitable land use with commercial tree crops. Initially the study examined the role of trees in stabilising soils when planted on eroding hill country pasture. Three species - radiata pine, Douglas-fir, and poplar - were compared for effects in reducing erosion. Tree size, tree stocking per hectare, root tensile strength, and rate of decay of roots after harvest were found to be important. Erosion control becomes effective once a stand of trees reached the equivalent of 30 tonnes/ha of radiata pine root biomass. Silviculture, and choice of species, determines to what extent this critical threshold is achieved. Decision support software, developed in this programme as "calculators', estimate the 'Equivalent Farming Gross Margin' of crops of radiata pine, and Douglas-fir, compared to the livestock previously grazing the land. The calculators, which run under Microsoft EXCELTM, also allow the identification of the most profitable silviculture for the tree crop, and generate yield tables. The calculators are being applied in two case studies; the first involves calibrating the radiata pine calculator for Hawkes Bay and the Wairarapa against actual tree data. Calibration of the calculator for bare land is also being studied. The second study will investigate how well tree crops can compete financially with pastoral farming systems in the Lake Taupo catchment, where there are increasing concerns about nutrient in-flows from pastoral farming. Further enhancements of the calculators are planned which will permit calibration against younger stands, and evaluation of a much wider range of silviculture. Keywords: farm forestry, erosion, root biomass, root strength, financial return, IRR, PNW, farming gross margin, Pinus radiata, Douglas-fir, poplar

scholarly journals Five-year survival and growth of farm forestry plantings of native trees and radiata pine in pasture affected by position in the landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Reid ◽  
Jackie Reid ◽  
Justin Hoad ◽  
Stuart Green ◽  
Greg Chamberlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Casuarina Cunninghamiana ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Pulp Wood

Woodlots ranging in area from 0.18 to 0.5 ha were established within the Cicerone Project farmlet trial on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, due to a lack of physical protection in most paddocks across the farmlets. Two percent of each farmlet was planted to trees to examine the commercial and environmental potential of seven species to provide shade and shelter for livestock, increase biodiversity or contribute to cash flow through farm forestry diversification. Eucalyptus caliginosa (timber), E. nitens (timber, pulp wood), E. radiata (essential oil) and Pinus radiata (timber) were planted in four upslope plots (1059–1062 m a.s.l.) in different paddocks. Casuarina cunninghamiana (timber, shelter), E. acaciiformis (shade, shelter and biodiversity), E. dalrympleana (timber, biodiversity), E. nitens (timber, pulp wood), E. radiata (essential oil) and P. radiata (timber) were planted in four low-lying plots (1046–1050 m a.s.l.) in separate paddocks, 400–1200 m distant. The pines and natives were planted in August and October 2003, respectively, into a well prepared, weed-free, mounded, planting bed. After 5 years, P. radiata (98% survival) and E. nitens (83%) survived best in upslope plots, reaching maximum heights of 7.8 and 8.8 m and exhibiting no or only modest insect damage, respectively. In low-lying plots, E. acaciiformis (75% survival) and E. dalrympleana (80%) survived best, reaching maximum heights of 5.5 and 4.5 m, and exhibiting little or only moderate insect damage, respectively. P. radiata exhibited 17–69% survival in the two lowest-lying plots but 100% survival in the other two lowland plots. On average, <50% of C. cunninghamiana, E. nitens and E. radiata survived in low-lying plots and survivors grew poorly. Early frosts in March 2004 were the primary cause of losses in low-lying plots, and frost, waterlogging, insect attack and some inadvertent livestock browsing explain the slower growth of species in low-lying plots compared with their performance upslope. P. radiata and perhaps E. nitens have commercial promise for timber production on Northern Tablelands farms, but only in higher (well drained, less frost-prone) parts of the landscape. E. acaciiformis can withstand the stressful growing conditions in open pasture in low-lying plots, and should be planted more widely for on-farm shade and shelter. E. dalrympleana can also be considered for amenity and biodiversity plantings in lower parts of the landscape.

scholarly journals When Is Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) a Problem in Allegheny Hardwoods?

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Ristau ◽  
Stephen B. Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Threshold Density ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Decision Support Framework ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) has important effects on early stand development when it occurs at high densities. We used data describing the first 15 years of stand development in eight clearcuts and used plots that had at least 25 black cherry or 100 desirable seedlings at age 3, as well as different levels of pin cherry stocking. Our findings identified seven pin cherry >5 ft tall at age 3 on 6-ft-radius plots as the threshold for negative effects on stocking of seedling-origin trees of desirable species at age 15. We incorporated these finding into the regeneration followup chart used as part of the Silviculture of Allegheny Hardwoods (SILVAH) decision support framework. Of eight stands used in this study, four had a pin cherry interference problem, and four did not. By age 15, there were one-third as many desirable seedling-origin stems, mostly black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), in stands with pin cherry above the critical threshold density. We suggest some silvicultural options for addressing the problem.

Characteristics of radio-frequency/vacuum combined with mechanical press drying of heavy softwood timbers with longitudinal kerf

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Zhao ◽  
Changjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Press

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of radio-frequency/vacuum combined with mechanical press (RF/VP) drying on three softwood timbers (Douglas fir, Hemlock, and Radiata pine) with longitudinal kerfs. The results were as follows: Due to the dielectric permittivity of wood, RF/VP drying at a fixed frequency of 13.56 MHz significantly influenced the moisture content (MC) distribution, the number of surface checks, shrinkage, and warp. These observations were attributed to the formation of a temperature gradient along the charge plate during the drying. The presence or absence of pith, more affected an occurrence of surface checks than that of the stresses within the wood during drying. The longitudinal kerf reduced the number of surface checks, but did not affect the MC distribution or the twist after drying.

Reduction of Phellinusweirii inoculum in Douglas-fir stumps by the fumigant Telone ll-B

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Fraser ◽  
J.D. Beale ◽  
R.J. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Diameter Classes

Two dosages of Teione II-B (1,3-dichloropropene) at 3.4 and 6.7 mL/kg of stump and root biomass were tested to determine the efficacy in reducing Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilb. inoculum in infected Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, stumps. After 21 months, both doses of Teione II-B proved equally effective and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced residual P. weirii mycelium in infected roots. Fumigation reduced residual endotrophic P. weirii in the large-diameter root classes nearest the stump, but survival of the fungus was less affected with increasing distance from the stump and in the smaller root diameter classes. Treated stumps also had significantly (p < 0.05) fewer roots with ectotrophic mycelium than untreated stumps. Four weeks after application, soil samples taken near treated stumps revealed no evidence of the fumigant. These findings suggest that application of Teione II-B could be used as an effective control measure for P. weirii.

Radial fissures in the early wood of conifers

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Amos
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

In certain conifers anatomical evidence suggests that young trees may become exposed to conditions conducive to collapse during late wood formation, causing partial collapse and radial cleavages in the early wood. Living ray cells are exposed to the cavity after cleavage. Different species show different responses conditioned by the anatomy and physiology of the ray parenchyma. The cavities fill with cellular tissue in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), with resin in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga tarcifolia (Poir.) Britt.), and remain empty in white spruce (Picea glauoa (Moench) Voss). Evidence is presented to show that when a living protoplast is given free access to moist air, a powerful growth stimulus is applied to the cell. In radiata pine, ray parenchyma cells have primary walls only, and the response is a proliferation of these cells. In Douglas fir and white spruce, the ray parenchyma has secondary thickening and small ray tracheid pitting, precluding growth. The response is an increased metabolic rate, producing resin in Douglas fir (heartwood-forming species) and without solid end-products in white spruce (species with little contrast between sapwood and heartwood).

scholarly journals Economic Viability and Profitability of Lettuce in Hydroponic System Using Different Effluents

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Josilda de França Xavier ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Marcia Rejane de Q. A. Azevedo ◽  
Antônio Fernandes Monteira Filho ◽  
Carisa Rocha da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Total Production ◽  
State University ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation

The hydroponic cultivation Lactuca sativa L. can offer producers greater economic profitability, fast financial return due to sanitary and nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic feasibility and profitability indicators of three cultivars of curly lettuce in a hydroponic system using different effluents and well water. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment of the State University of Paraíba-UEPB, Campus-II, in the municipality of Lagoa Seca-Paraíba. Experimental design was in a randomized blocks with plots subdivided in a 7 × 3 factorial scheme, with three replications whose factors were 7 hydroponic solutions and three lettuce cultivars. Variables analyzed included gross revenue; gross margin effective and total operating cost; gross margin total cost of production; leveling point effective operating Cost, total production; operating profit and profitability index. The cultivars: Verônica, Vanda and Thais presented the highest gross revenue and profitability index when irrigated with the Furlani solution (S1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document