Secrets of Success: Uncertainty, Profits and Prosperity in the Gari Economy of Ibadan, 1992–94

Africa ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Y. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Personal Wealth ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

AbstractCompetition, success and secrecy are fundamental characteristics of the local food economy of Ibadan, Nigeria. With the growth of the processed cassava, or gari, trade throughout this area, these characteristics are revealed in a number of contexts in the food trade. Traders and shopkeepers circulate their wealth and plough profits back into a range of trading items to obscure their exact economic status from other traders and their families. Success in this context entails secrecy in a number of respects. In relation to buyers in the gari trade, secrecy entails the obfuscation of whether the trader deals retail or wholesale, what she is worth in terms of food stocks and her personal wealth. Successful traders also invest their earnings in social celebrations, in their children's education and in personal homes that all work to foster and enhance their social status and validate their wealth.

scholarly journals Parents Attitude toward Education among Muslim

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Huma Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The People ◽  
Children’S Education

Education is one of the major instruments of social change and it is the force, which brings changes in the traditional outlook of the people, and it develops insight for judging things in their context. It is assume that more the percentage of educated people more will be the rate of development.  As all we say that Education of a girl is like educating a family while educating a boy is merely educating a person. The importance of female education in a society and its spreading to all section of the life is well appreciated and documented to solve existing and emerging problems of the society. There is ample evidence that children from better educated parents more often go to school and tend to drop out less (UNESCO, 2010). Parents who have reached a certain educational level might want their children to achieve at least that level (Breen & Goldthorpe, 1997). For educational enrolment of girls, education of the mother might be especially important (Emerson & Portela Souza, 2007; Shu, 2004; Kambhampati & Pal, 2001; Fuller, Singer and Keiley, 1995). Mothers who have succeeded in completing a certain level of education have experienced its value and know that it is within the reach of girls to complete that level. The present research was aimed at assessing attitude of parents toward education among Muslim.  Sample consists of 100; in which 50 male respondents and 50 female respondents were participated in the present research. Parents’ attitude was measured through Questionnaire consisting 23 items which is developed by Patnaik & Samal (2012). The respondents were required to indicate their agreement or disagreement with each of the statements about children’s education in a four-point Likert type scale, where 1 denotes strong disagreement and 4 denotes strong agreement. Mean scores were calculated separately for male and female respondents and high socio economic status and low socio economic status samples. The t test was used to examine the significance of difference between male and female respondents as well as high socio economic status and low socio economic status with regard to their attitude towards children’s education. The findings showed that the overall attitude of the respondents was moderately favourable and positive towards education of their children. This result was discussed in the light of existing findings and with other demographic variable i.e. education of the parents, income of the parents and number of children.

Secular education and religious values in the formation of human capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Autiero
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Children’S Education

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causal link between religion and the formation of human capital. It takes into consideration that, though religion may transmit a system of values that positively affect children’s education, it can also be characterized by a traditionalist dimension. The latter may hamper children’s self-determination and their educational achievements. Nevertheless, religious values may adapt to the cultural changes due to economic development and modernization and become less conservative. Design/methodology/approach The above aspects are investigated through an overlapping generations model with human capital where parents’ human capital and the religion in which individuals have been raised, characterize family background. Findings The model’s predictions point to the crucial role that development may play in promoting education. For instance, if a moderate responsiveness of religious institutions to economic and cultural changes is associated with low development, conservative attitudes prevail in society. This undermines individual confidence in improving one’s socio-economic status through education and negatively affects children’s education. Whereas, a development level sufficiently high counterbalances the effects of a low ability of religious institutions to adjust to changes and fosters education. Originality/value Though the empirical literature widely acknowledges that religion affects economic growth, the hypothesis that the link between religion and economic performance may also pass through education has been overlooked. In this respect, the paper investigates on this relationship by taking religion as a force reactive to economic processes.

scholarly journals Low-Income Black Parents Supporting Their Children’s Success through Mentoring Circles

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. CI93-CI117
Author(s):  
Alana Butler
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Black Parents ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Black Parent

This article presents the results of a parent engagement project called “Mentoring Circles.” The project focused on the needs of low-income Black parents who have children enrolled in the Toronto District School Board. Two focus groups, with seven to eight Black parents in each group, were conducted during the summer of 2018. The study drew on theories of community wealth and funds of knowledge (González et al., 2005; Yosso, 2005), Black feminist theory (Collins, 2000; Crenshaw, 1991), and critical race theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2012). The Black parent narratives served as counter-stories to stereotypes about Black parent disengagement in low-income communities. The low-income Black parents in the study were very engaged in their children’s education and were invested in their academic success. The Black parents strategized to support their children’s education by forming supportive peer mentoring networks and advocating for their children though relationship-building. The findings suggest that mentoring circles could serve as a model for engaging Black parents in the support of their children’s academic success. Keywords: Black Canadian children and youth, anti-Black racism, Black parents and students, low socio-economic status, race and ethnicity, social class

scholarly journals Does Children's Education Improve Parental Health and Longevity? Causal Evidence from Great Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Potente ◽  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Christiaan Willem Simon Monden
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Free Health Care ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Parental Mortality

Parents with better-educated children are healthier and live longer, but whether there is a causal effect of children’s education on their parents’ health and longevity is still unclear. Previous research has been largely associational and was thus not able to account for all circumstances that confound children’s education and parental longevity. First, we demonstrate an association between adults' offspring education and parental mortality in the 1958 British birth cohort study, which remains substantial - about two additional years of life - even when only comparing parents with similar socio-economic status. Second, we use the 1972 educational reform in England and Wales, which increased the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years, to identify the presence of a causal effect of children’s education on parental health and longevity using census-linked data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS). Results reveal that children’s education has only very limited causal effects on a wide range of outcomes related to parental mortality and health. We interpret these findings against the backdrop of universal and free health care and the role of education in socio-economic inequality in Great Britain.

scholarly journals Adult children's education and trajectories of episodic memory among older parents in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Manacy Pai ◽  
Wentian Lu ◽  
Baowen Xue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Children’S Education

Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between adult children's education and older parents’ cognitive health, and the extent to which this relationship is moderated by parents’ own socio-economic and marital statuses. Data using Waves 5 (2000) to 13 (2016) are drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative panel survey of individuals age 50 and above in the United States of America (USA). Older parents’ cognitive functioning is measured using episodic memory from Waves 5–13. Adult children's education is measured using years of schooling, on average, for all adult children of a respondent. Analyses based on multilevel linear growth curve modelling reveal that parents with well-educated adult children report higher memory score over time compared to their counterparts whose children are not as well-educated. We also find that the positive effect of children's education on parents’ cognitive health is moderated by parents’ own education, though not by their income, occupation or marital status. Our work contributes to the growing body of research on the ‘upward’ flow of resources model that assesses the ways in which personal and social assets of the younger generation shape the health and wellbeing of the older generation. Our findings are particularly relevant to the USA given the enduring linkage between socio-economic status and health, and the limited social and economic protection for those of lower social status.

POLA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DALAM KELUARGA JAMA’AH TABLIGH DI DESA BOLANG KECAMATAN DAYEUHLUHUR KABUPATEN CILACAP

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Kholid Mawardi ◽  
Cucu Nurzakiyah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
The Village

The results of the study found that the responsibility of religious education of children in the family of Tablighi Jama'ah differed in terms of several conditions, namely first, when parents were not going to khuruj where both parents were responsible for children's education; secondly, when the father goes khuruj, then the mother is responsible for everything including children's education; third, when both parents go khuruj, then the responsibility of the child is left to other family members such as grandparents or their first adult children; and fourth, when the child goes to khuruj, where parents are responsible for children's religious education both mother and father. The pattern of the religious education in the Tablighi Jama'ah family in the village of Bolang is formed from several similarities held in the implementation of religious education, one of which is the daily activity that is carried out by the Tablighi Jama'at family. Al-Qur'an becomes one of the material given to children in the ta'lim. Children are taught how to read the Qur'an and memorize short letters such as Surat al-Falaq, al-Ikhlas, and so on. In addition to al-Qur'an, in this ta'lim there is a special study in the Tablighi Jama'ah, which is reading the book of fadhilah ‘amal, and the last is mudzakarah six characteristics.

Socio-Economic Status of Dalits Community in Sindhuli District

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Bed Prasad Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Occupation

This study is based on Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli District. There are 56 households of Dalit (Damai 29 and Kami 27) in this area. The census method was used in the study where, total population is 365 from 56 households. Among them, 172 were male and 193 were female. The general objectives of this study are to identify demographic and socio-economic status of Dalits and to find out causes of deprivation of Dalits people in the community. They worked as agricultural labour and service work. Their income is less than their expenditure. Most of them are uneducated but nowadays, the level of education has increased so that their children go to school and college. Only 39 percent were literate and only 7 percent Dalits have passed SLC and +2. They give priority on arrange marriage. Youth generation doesn't like the traditional occupation and skills. They use a lot of alcohol (Jaad and Raski) in the festivals and rituals ceremony however the economic condition of Dalit is poor so many children of them are forced to dropout from schools because their parents cannot afford their education fees. The social status of the females in the Dalit community is very low than the males in the society. After the father's death all the properties is transferred to the son. The main causes for degrading status of Dalits are due to poverty, lack of education and lack of social awareness. So far, there have not been any kinds of policies and plans to uplift the Dalit community in this area.

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