‘Planning’, ‘Searching’ and ‘Drifting’: Labour market transitions in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in a rich city in Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-338
Author(s):  
Eric Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Identity ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhood ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
Structural Inequalities

This paper draws on desk-based and empirical research which examined experiences of young people in Pilton, a disadvantaged neighbourhood in Edinburgh, as they entered the labour market. At odds with contemporary discourses that suggest the existence of a ‘culture of worklessness’, finding and maintaining employment was regarded by almost all the young people in this study as an important marker of adult identity and self-efficacy. Indeed, young people expressed stoical views about their determination to find stable, long-term work. Nonetheless, structural inequalities presented significant barriers to achieving and maintaining long-term, stable employment, with support services being regarded by young people and professionals alike as inadequate. However, young people tended to believe that they were personally responsible for lack of success in the labour market context and this can harm their well-being at a crucial period of transition. This research challenges discourses that characterise and pathologise disadvantaged young people as ‘work shy’ and indicates that, instead, many young people are required to have extraordinary resilience as they persevere to try to gain and maintain stable paid employment. The concept of ‘social exclusion’ is rejected in describing these young people's contexts; they are not ‘outside’ society and in fact they have rich and varied social experiences. However, they are severely disadvantaged by structural inequalities within the labour market.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE ON THE LABOR MARKET: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Juliia Pidvalna ◽  
Olha Pavelkiv
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
Large Groups

The article considers the process of adaptation of young people in the labour market. It has been determined that the main adaptation barriers for young people in the modern Ukrainian labour market are: low competitiveness; lack of the majority of young people with the necessary knowledge and skills for self-determination in the labour market, career development, negotiating with employers on employment issues; inconsistency of the professional qualification structure of youth with the needs of the economy and the available vacancies; lack of a mechanism to ensure the relationship between the labour market and the market of educational services; backwardness of personnel policy of most organizations, focused mainly on achieving current results, rather than on long-term development. It is analyzed that the successful adaptation ends, as a rule, with stable employment, adoption of laws of the labour market functioning. Violations of young people's adaptation in the labour market can have serious consequences, the main of which are chronic unemployment of large groups of young people, negative impact on socio-psychological development of young people, frustration at work as a means of personal self-realization.

scholarly journals Why do Young People Give up Their Job Search?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ylistö
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
Unemployed Youth

The decision to search or not to search for work is usually considered a purely individual choice. However, this is a simplistic view, which ignores important structural and situational aspects of job search behaviour. This article discusses the reasons why long-term unemployed youth in Finland give up their search for work or a student place. The data comprise 28 life course interviews that were analysed by means of content analysis. The data show that young people’s job seeking behaviour is greatly influenced by how they view their labour market position and prospects. Job search abandonment is often temporary and young people soon resume their search because of the expectations of the society around them and their willingness to find work. The young people interviewed provided rational, emotional and life value reasons for their decision to suspend their job search. The article offers a deeper understanding of youths’ job search behaviour.

scholarly journals A Capability Approach to Understand the Scarring Effects of Unemployment and Job Insecurity: Developing the Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-948
Author(s):  
Valerie Egdell ◽  
Vanessa Beck
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Scarring Effects

Having a poor start in the labour market has a ‘scarring’ effect on future employment and well-being. Indeed, unemployment at any point of the life-course can scar. While there is extensive quantitative research examining scarring effects at the macro- and meso-levels, evidence regarding scarring from the micro-level that provides insights into individual perceptions, values, attitudes and capabilities, and how they shape employment trajectories is lacking. A qualitative approach which avoids the imposition of values and choices onto individuals’ employment trajectories, and accounts more fully for the contextual constraints which shape available options and choices, is argued for. In emphasising people’s substantive freedom of choice, which may be enabled or constrained by contextual conditions, the Capability Approach is proposed as providing a valuable lens to examine complex and insecure labour market transitions. Such an approach stands in contrast to the supply-side focused active labour market policies characteristic of neo-liberal welfare states.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Autonomy in Young People According to Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel De-Juanas ◽  
Teresita Bernal Romero ◽  
Rosa Goig
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological well-being manifests itself in all aspects of human activity and is essential to understanding whether young people experience life satisfaction and whether, as they mature, well-being can be associated with different levels of personal autonomy. This quantitative study was developed within the framework of international research on young people’s autonomy in the transition to adulthood. Its main objectives were to analyze the relationship between psychological well-being and autonomy and examine potential variations between the two variables according to age. To this end, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Transition to Adulthood Autonomy Scale (EDATVA) designed by Bernal et al., were used with a sample of 1,148 young people aged 16–21 from Madrid, Spain, and Bogotá, Colombia. The results show that almost all the dimensions on the Psychological Well-Being Scale correlate significantly and positively with the dimensions on the EDATVA scale. Specifically, moderate correlations were obtained between self-organization on the EDATVA scale and purpose in life (r = 0.568; p = 0.01) and environmental mastery (r = 0.447; p = 0.01) on the Psychological Well-Being Scale. In turn, autonomy on Ryff’s scale obtained the highest correlation (r = 0.382; p = 0.01) with understanding context on the EDATVA scale. It was also found that the older 18–21 age group obtained higher scores than the younger 16–17 age group in all dimensions on both the EDATVA and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. Earlier studies endorse the results found in this research, especially the differences in the scores for both scales according to age groups. This opens avenues for future research to analyze the relationship between psychological well-being and autonomy as independent variables in other sectors of the population.

Student Lives in Crisis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Family State

With rising levels of student debt and precarity, young people’s lives in university are not always smooth. Lorenza Antonucci has travelled across England, Italy and Sweden to understand how inequality is reproduced through university. This book provides a compelling narrative of what it means to be in university in Europe in the 21st century, not only in terms of education, but also in terms of finances, housing and well-being. Furthermore, this book shows how inequality is reproduced during university by how young people from different social classes combine family, state and labour market sources. The book identifies different profiles of young people’s experiences in university, from ‘Struggling and hopeless’ to ‘Having a great time’. Furthermore, the book discusses how the ‘welfare mixes’ present in the three countries determine different types of semi-dependence, and reinforce inequalities. The book identifies a general trend of privatisation of student support in higher education, which pushes young people to participate in the labour market and over-rely on family resources in order to sustain their participation in university. Not only does this protract young people’s semi-dependence, but it also increases inequality among different groups of young people. In addition to the current policy focus on access to higher education, and transitions to the labour market, the book calls for a greater attention on the policies that can change young people’s lives while in university.

scholarly journals P08 Beliefs about pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis are significantly associated with higher reported pain and more negative affect in children and young people

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rachael Lee ◽  
Caitlin Grace Muckian ◽  
Sandeep Damaraju ◽  
Daniela Ghio ◽  
Wendy Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Pain Catastrophising ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Illness Outcomes

Abstract Background Persistent, unpredictable pain is one of the most burdensome features of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) which is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory musculoskeletal condition presenting in children and young people under 16 years. Recent research into perceptions of illness in young people has found that conceptualisations of long-term disease are mainly about the most salient features and symptoms, not of the illness as a whole. Particularly in young people with JIA, perceptions of pain are central to the individuals’ beliefs about the chronic condition. In paediatric pain research in general, the study of pain beliefs has mainly focused on pain catastrophising. Associations between other potentially important pain beliefs and pain outcomes (e.g. reporting pain or well-being) have not been explored to date. The aim of this study was to explore a wide range of pain perceptions in young people with JIA and to investigate whether these pain beliefs were associated with pain severity or well-being. Methods Cross-sectional data from the largest UK cohort study of children with JIA were analysed (the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study- CAPS). Participants aged over 11 years completed ‘The Pain Perceptions Questionnaire for Young People (PPQ–YP)’ which assesses pain beliefs corresponding to the Common Sense-Self Regulatory framework first proposed by Leventhal and colleagues in the 1980s. Self-reported pain severity scores were captured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Emotional well-being was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Associations were explored using Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Results 223 participants (64% female) completed the PPQ-YP. 38.2% of participants had a diagnosis of oligoarthritis, 29.6% had polyarthritis and equal proportions of participants had systemic, psoriatic or enthesitis related JIA (7.3%). Higher reported pain severity was significantly correlated with stronger beliefs about the greater impact of pain on life (rho=0.494, p < 0.001), pain unpredictability (rho=0.369, p < 0.001) and pain persistence (rho=0.278,p<0.001). Higher pain controllability beliefs (that pain was controllable) were significantly associated with lower self-reported pain severity (rho=-0.526, p < 0.001). Stronger beliefs about the impact of pain on life (rho=0.425,p=0.001) and pain coherence (poorer understanding about own pain: rho=-0.295,p=0.021) were significantly associated with more negative mood. Conclusion Pain beliefs (particularly about consequences, unpredictability, persistence and understanding) are linked to levels of pain severity and well-being in children with JIA. Adding to the evidence base on the link between pain catastrophising and illness outcomes, this research enhances our understanding of long-term illness and pain perceptions in young people through the implication of a wider range of pain beliefs and cognitions on illness outcomes. The PPQ-YP identified salient pain beliefs which should be considered in the design of potential interventions to improve pain outcomes in this group. Future research should aim to explore whether these perceptions can predict other important illness outcomes. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals ‘A confident parent breeds a confident child’: Understanding the experience and needs of parents whose children will transition from paediatric to adult care

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352093642
Author(s):  
Karen L Shaw ◽  
Lydia Baldwin ◽  
Gemma Heath
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Midlife Adults

Transitional care for young people with long-term conditions emphasizes the importance of supporting parents, particularly in relation to promoting adolescent healthcare autonomy. Yet, little practical guidance is provided, and transitional care remains suboptimal for many families. This study aimed to examine how parents understand and experience their caregiving role during their child’s transition to adult services, to identify parents’ needs, and to inform service improvements. Focus groups were undertaken with parents of young people with brittle asthma, osteogenesis imperfecta, or epilepsy. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants ( n = 13) described how their parenting roles extended beyond what they consider usual in adolescence. These roles were presented as time consuming, stressful, and unrelenting but necessary to protect children from harm in the face of multiple risks and uncertainties. Such protective strategies were also perceived to hinder adolescent development, family functioning, and their own development as midlife adults. Finding a balance between protecting immediate health and long-term well-being was a major theme. Participants called for improved support, including improved service organization. Recommendations are provided for working with parents and young people to manage the risks and uncertainties associated with their condition, as part of routine transitional care.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Employment Programme on Young Unemployed People

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Laura Južnik Rotar
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Active Labour

Youth unemployment is of paramount concern for the European Union. Young people are facing potentially slow and difficult transitions into stable jobs. What optimally supports young people on the labour market poses a challenging question for economic policy makers. Active labour market policies can be beneficial to young unemployed people. The aim of active labour market policy is to improve employability of the unemployed. The consequences of an overly generous welfare state can be a reduction in motivation to work. The effectiveness of employment programmes is therefore a crucial step in the process. This paper aims to estimate the treatment effect of subsidized employment programmes on young Dutch unemployed people using difference in differences propensity score matching. We test whether the effects of subsidized employment programmes for young Dutch unemployed people are positive and strong in both the short and long term on the probability of re-employment and on the probability of participation in the regular educational system in comparison with the outcome produced in the event that an individual would continue seeking employment as an unemployed person. The probability of re-employment in short-term circumstances is positive, but small. Whereas with long-term examples (two years after the programme start) the probability is negative. Alternatively, the probability of participation in regular educational systems is positive in the short-term as well as in the long-term, but evidently decreases in the long-term. Welfare reforms undertaken in the Netherlands are directed towards enhancing efficiency. The role of social partners in social security administrations is reduced and the reforms are intended to promote reintegration of people who are out of work. There is a general agreement that the Netherlands is going in the right direction by giving priority to work and study over benefits, as it has become evident that generous social benefits make employment policies inefficient.

scholarly journals Jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių integracijos į darbo rinką ypatumai

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Rasa Rudžinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Main Factors

Šiaulių universitetas, Vilniaus g. 88 Šiauliai,tel. (+370 611 66794)El. paštas: [email protected] analizuojami jaunimo nedarbo ir integracijos į darbo rinką teoriniai ypatumai. Įvardytos darbo rinkos, bedarbių, ilgalaikių jaunų bedarbių sąvokos. Išanalizuoti pagrindiniai veiksniai, turintys įtakos jaunimo integracijai į darbo rinką. Remiantis atliktais tyrimais išryškintas jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių socialinis portretas, kurį pasitelkus identifikuoti pagrindiniai jauno ilgalaikio bedarbio bruožai. Pateikta jaunimo nuomonė apie Darbo biržos teikiamas paslaugas ir jų kokybę. Išanalizuotos jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių neįsidarbinimo priežastys darbdavių ir jaunuolių požiūriu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: darbo rinka, jauni ilgalaikiai bedarbiai, socialinis portretas.Peculiarities of Young Long-term Unemployed Integration in to the Labour MarketRasa RudžinskienėSummaryThe theatrical features of young people unemployment and integration into the labour market have been analysed. The concepts of labour market, unemployed, young long-term unemployed have been identified. The main factors of young people integration into the labour market have also been examined. The quantitative and qualitative research of young unemployed and employers is presented in the article in order to characterise the most important features of young long-term unemployed as well as to create their social portrait. The research has been accomplished in order to represent the youth opinion of labour exchange services and their quality. This research has also helped to reveal the reasons for youth (long-term) unemployment in the employers’ and young people’s opinion.Key words: labour marker, young long-term unemployed, social portrait.

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