Detection of Brucellosis in Blood of Cows in Some Farms of Khartoum State

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Sara Mohammed Elmahadi Khalid Basheir ◽  
Amira AltoomFuzi Othman ◽  
Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Parallel Testing ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cattle Farms

Brucellosis is an infectious disease that affect human as well as animals. The disease is caused by exposure to a bacterial species belong to the genus Brucella. Brucellosis has wide distribution in sub-Saharan African countries, including Sudan in which the diagnosis remains a great challenge and basically depend on serology. The present study was carried out on five dairy cattle farms allegedly free from brucellosis, but with sporadic cases of abortion. As well-known Sudan has a many dairy industries with peri‑urban dairy establishments which built in order to improve milk availability to rural communities. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in Sudan, using samples submitted to collect from different farms. Five farms were tested with Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Enzyme-linked Immune-absorbent Assay (ELISA). Parallel testing was used to determine whether a farm was to be considered positive or not. The result showed that out of 70 cow’s Blood samples examine 22 (31.4%) had positive RBPT results while the rest (68.6%) had Negative RBPT results. Of the Five farms which were examined the positive cows were observed in only 2 farms. The results show the need to carry out surveillance of brucellosis in cattle in Sudan to understand the spatial distribution of the disease in the country. These surveillance could reduce the risk of Brucellosis spreading and consequently improvement will take place in the quality of livestock and their dairy product which consumed by the human in those areas.

scholarly journals Proposal for an intelligent digital teacher’s textbook solution adapted to the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hermann Semevo Boko ◽  
Bessan Melckior Degboe ◽  
Samuel Ouya ◽  
Gervais Mendy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital Textbook ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Set Up ◽  
E Mail

This paper proposes an intelligent solution for course monitoring based on the use of a digital textbook coupled with an algorithm for verifying the conformity of the teaching content. The proposed solution allows to follow in real time the evolution of the courses and to alert the pedagogical managers in case of non-compliance with the syllabus. In most sub-Saharan African countries engaged in the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate (BMD) reform, incessant strikes prevent teachers from completing the program. Also, there is no way for the teacher to know whether students have the necessary prerequisites. In addition, constraints related to agendas sometimes prevent the holding of pedagogical animation meetings. To solve these problems, we propose the implementation of an intelligent digital teacher's textbook. The tool helps in the follow-up and the respect of the pedagogical objectives. It implements an algorithm to evaluate in real time the concordance between the courses given and the requirements of the syllabus. An SMS and e-mail alert system has also been set up to inform training actors in case of non-compliance with the syllabus. The proposed solution contributes to the overall improvement of the quality of higher education in Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Growth Limits: A Conceptual Analysis for Sustainable Development in Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402091827
Author(s):  
Oluwabunmi O. Adejumo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

In the school of development thought, growth has been identified as a viable alternative to the challenge of poverty and economic backwardness. However, the ecologists have continuously challenged the growth position in relation to environmental degradation and depletion. It is against this background; this study examined the limits to growth in Nigeria beyond which there will be inimical consequences for the environment. The study employed time series data that spanned between 1970 and 2014. These data sets were sourced from the World Development Indicators. Based on the assimilation model, threshold estimates were used to identify optimal growth regions, whereas regression estimates were used to measure growth effects. It was discovered that below the identified growth limit, there are currently significant negative impacts on the quality of the environment in Nigeria via economic growth. This study is a single-country case, that is, Nigeria; hence, the study can be expanded to include other sub-Saharan African countries. The study adds to knowledge by establishing the prospects for sustainability in the quality of the environment in the long run; therefore, policies designed in this areas have higher likelihood of attaining sustainability.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Consumption Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Inequality Among All Africans

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul ◽  
Christoph Lakner
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

Abstract This paper uses a set of national household surveys to study the regional Sub-Saharan Africa distribution of consumption expenditure among individuals during 1993–2008. The analysis puts the disparities in living standards that exist among all persons in Africa into context with the disparities that exist within and between African countries. We find some evidence that African interpersonal inequality has increased, but this depends on the measure of inequality. The Africa-wide Gini increased from 53% in 1993 to 56% in 2008 in the full sample, compared with an increase from 54% to 56% in the balanced sample of countries. In the full sample, this result is robust to alternative measures of inequality, while in the balanced sample, some bottom-sensitive measures show a decline. Disparities in living standards between countries have increased, while there has been no systematic increase in within-country inequality. For the Africa-wide distribution, the growth of consumption expenditure (from household surveys) has been low (between 0.9% and 1.6% per year depending on the sample). This growth has been uneven such that the richest 5% of Africans received around 40% of the total gains.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional observational assessment of quality of newborn care immediately after birth in health facilities across six sub-Saharan African countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e014680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph de Graft-Johnson ◽  
Linda Vesel ◽  
Heather E Rosen ◽  
Barbara Rawlins ◽  
Stella Abwao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Observational Assessment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Liter of Night light for Potential Use in Rural Electrification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubishet Degife ◽  
Wondwossen Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Solution Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Potential Use

More than 1.1 billion people lack access to electricity in the world, among them 600 million are in sub-Saharan African countries. The socio-economic life of the rural communities is highly affected by electricity supply. The demanding Interest for growth and development in developing countries led to a renewed interest in solar lights. Liter of the night light is a solar-powered light that is constructed from waste plastic bottles which light up the rural community. This paper is about experimental analysis of liter of night light for potential use in rural electrification. The technology uses environmentally friendly and locally available materials. The system is provided with battery storage, which allows it to operate for 13.5 hours continuously at full charge. Solar radiation is converted by PV solar panel to electric current. Circuit board is developed and fabricated to regulate and deliver a consumable amount of voltage by the rechargeable lead-acid battery. After testing five different solutions, the study found out that vinegar solution as the optimal solutions for the technology that can deliver 27lux of light to the surrounding. Simultaneously the study found out, that the light that is emitted from the bottle bulb is a function of volume, depth and solution type. And for this relationship curves are developed. And, the technology can be used for rural communities as it is.

scholarly journals Improving quality of surgical and anaesthesia care at hospital level in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol of health system strengthening interventions

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e036615
Author(s):  
Nataliya Brima ◽  
Justine Davies ◽  
Andrew JM Leather
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health System ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Anaesthesia Care

IntroductionOver 5 billion people in the world do not have access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care when needed. In order to improve health outcomes in patients with surgical conditions, both access to care and the quality of care need to be improved. A recent commission on high-quality health systems highlighted that poor-quality care is now a bigger barrier than non-utilisation of the health system for reducing mortality.AimTo carry out a systematic review to provide an evidence-based summary of hospital-based interventions associated with improved quality of surgical and anaesthesia care in sub-Saharan African countries (SSACs).Methods and analysisThree search strings (1) surgery and anaesthesia, (2) quality improvement hospital-based interventions and (3) SSACs will be combined. The following databases EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus will be searched. Further relevant studies will be identified from national and international health organisations and publications and reference lists of all selected full-text articles. The review will include all type of original articles in English published between 2008 and 2019. Article screening, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be done by two reviewers independently and any disputes will be resolved by a third reviewer or team consensus. Three types of outcomes will be collected including clinical, process and implementation outcomes. The primary outcome will be mortality. Secondary outcomes will include other clinical outcomes (major and minor complications), as well as process and implementation outcomes. Descriptive statistics and outcomes will be summarised and discussed. For the primary outcome, the methodological rigour will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be published in a peer reviewed open access journal and presented at national and international conferences. As this is a review of secondary data no formal ethical approval is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125570.

scholarly journals Post hoc study to investigate the potential causes of poor quality of cardiovascular medicines collected in sub-Saharan countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039252
Author(s):  
Philippe-Henri Secretan ◽  
Marie Antignac ◽  
Najet Yagoubi ◽  
Mélisande Bernard ◽  
Marie Cécile Perier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Post Hoc

ObjectivesThe incidence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing and there is a growing need to provide access to quality cardio drugs in Africa. In the SEVEN study, we analysed 1530 cardiovascular drug samples randomly collected from 10 African countries. By that time, of the seven drugs products analysed, only those containing amlodipine and captopril had very low assay values with active substance contents that could be less than 75% of those expected. In this article we investigate complementary aspects of the amlodipine and captopril samples so to explain the previously observed low assays for these two drugs.DesignPost hoc analysis of the captopril and amlodipine drugs samples and their packages collected in the context of the SEVEN study.Setting10 countries were concerned: Benin, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo.ParticipantsLocal scientists and hospital practitioners collected the drug samples in the 10 African countries.Outcome measuresThe drug amount and the relative amounts of drug impurities, as well as the main compounds of the drugs packaging, were analysed.ResultsIdentification of the blister packaging of the samples led to separate both amlodipine and captopril drug samples in two groups. Mann Whitney’s bilateral test showed a significant difference (p<0.0001) between the median value of the captopril dosage when tablets are packaged in blisters providing higher protection to humidity (n=105) as opposed to the tablets packaged in blisters providing lower humidity protection (n=130).ConclusionBased on these results, particular attention should be paid to the materials and types of packaging used in order to minimise the lack of control over the exposures and drug circuits present in these different countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document